Kerri Procida
Power Point Presentation
Upper Anatomy
Extremities
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Axial
• neck
• trunk
Appendicular
•upper limbs
•lower limbs
Cranial
• brain
• within the axial cavity
Vertebral
• spinal cord
• within the axial cavity
Thoracic
• organs are viscera
• within the axial cavity
Abdominopelvic
• organs are viscera
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Frontal
• Forms the anterior
portion of the skull
• Is one bone, grows in 2
parts
•Includes:
• forehead
• roof of nasal cavity
• roofs of orbits
• frontal sinuses
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• Includes:
• cervical vertebrae (7)
• thoracic vertebrae (12)
• lumbar vertebrae (5)
• sacrum
• coccyx
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• Extends from skull to pelvis
• Forms vertical axis
• Composed of many bony parts called
vertebrae
• Separated by intervertebral discs
• Connected by ligaments
• Function is to support head and trunk
of body
• Cervical curvature
• Thoracic curvature
• Lumbar curvature
• Sacral curvature
• Rib facets
• Vertebra prominens
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• Triangular shape
• Composed of five fused
vertebrae
• Located between hip bones
• Forms the posterior wall
• Includes:
• median sacral crest
• posterior sacral foramina
• posterior wall of pelvic
cavity
• sacral promontory
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• Also called tailbone
• Lowest part of vertebrae
column
• Variations of 3-5
• Attached by ligaments
• Serves as attachment for muscles
• Four fused vertebrae
• around age 25-30
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• Includes:
• Ribs
• Sternum
•Function:
• Supports shoulder girdle and
upper limbs
• Protects viscera
• Role in breathing
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• True ribs (7)
• False ribs (5)
• floating (2)
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• Also called breastbone
• Midline in anterior portion of
thoracic cage
• Develops in 3 parts:
• upper manubrium
• middle body
• lower xiphoid
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• Also called shoulder girdle
• Composed of 4 parts:
• clavicles (2)
• scapulae (2)
• Supports upper limbs
• Incomplete ring
• Attachment for several muscles
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• Help hold shoulders in place
• Very weak
• Slender, rod-like bones
• Elongated S-shapes
• Located at base of neck
• Provide attachments for
muscles for:
• upper limbs
• chest
• back
• Articulate with scapulae
(acromion process)
•Articulate with manubrium
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• Divided into unequal parts by the spine
• Supraspinous fossa (above spine)
• Infraspinous fossa (below spine)
• Acromion process
• Coracoid process
• Glenoid cavity
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• Composed of:
• Humerus
• Radius
• Ulna
• Carpals
• Metacarpals
• Phalanges
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• Head
• 2 processes (provide attachments for
muscle movement:
• Greater tubercle
• Lesser tubercle
• Anatomical neck
• Surgical neck
• Deltoid tuberosity
• Capitulum
• Trochlea
• Coronoid fossa
• Olecranon fossa
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• Located on thumb side of forearm
• Shorter then ulna
• Radial notch
• allows rotation
• Radial tuberosity
• attachment for muscle (biceps
brachii)
• Styloid process
• attachment for ligaments of wrist
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• Overlaps humerus
• Trochlear notch
• wrench-like opening
• Olecranon process
• above trochlear notch
• attachment for muscle
(triceps brachii)
• Coronoid process
• below trochlear notch
• Styloid process
• distal end of ulna
• attachment for ligaments of
wrist
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• Carpals (16)
• trapezium
• trapezoid
• capitate
• scaphoid
• pisiform
• triquetrum
• hamate
• lunate
• Metacarpals (10)
• Phalanges (28)
• proximal phalanx
• middle phalanx
• distal phalanx
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• Consists of (2) hip bones
• coxal bones
• pelvic bones
• innominate bones
• Supports trunk of body
• Attachment for lower limbs
• Sacrum, Coccyx, Pelvic Girdle
• Protects:
• urinary bladder
• distal end of large intestine
• internal reproductive organs
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