PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORIES
Psychodynamic Theories focus on trying to get inside the head of individuals in order to make
sense of their relationships, experiences and how they see the world.
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SIGMUND FREUD
Created a school of thought called Psychoanalysis 
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This school of thought emphasized ____________________
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Conflicts that occur between the conscious & unconscious mind, ________________________
________________________________________________  as we grow, our personalities
are shaped by ________________________________________________________________
Freud believed that the human mind was composed of 3 elements: the ID, the EGO, and the
SUPEREGO. These elements form our personality!
ID  functions in the _____________________________ and is responsible for ____________
________________________________________________ . The ID is driven by the
________________________________ which strives for ______________________________
of all desires, wants, & needs.
EGO  functions in the ___________________________________________________ and is
responsible for controlling _______________________________________ . The EGO is
driven by the _________________________ which strives to satisfy the ID's urges _________
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SUPEREGO  functions in the _________________________ and is responsible for _______
__________________________________________ . The SUPEREGO is driven by the
______________________________ acts to suppress the ID’s urges and make the EGO
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FREUD’S SIGNIFICANCE
His work supported the belief that _____
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were caused by ___________________
______________ and that many human
behaviours ______________________
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TEXTBOOK WORK:
Read Pages 59-60. Understand and define the terms:
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Defense mechanisms
Repression
Denial
Displacement
Free Association
Give an example from your own life of how your unconscious mind had an impact on your
decision. Do you feel it was the right decision?
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CARL JUNG
He believed that ____________________________________
would allow the person to _____________________________
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Jung believed the human psyche exists in three parts:
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Jung believed the ________________________________ was a ______________________ of
all the experience and knowledge of the human species.
Jung contributed a great deal to the study of ______________________ . He theorized that our
personalities were a mix of functional types:
1. ________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________
Jung believed that we “consciously” gravitated to one functional type while our “unconscious”
gravitated to the opposite type.
ERIK ERIKSON
Erikson differed from Freud in a couple of ways:
1. He believed that humans __________________________
______________________________________________
2. He believed individual growth depends on ____________,
not just ________________________________________
He also believed that adolescents experienced an identity crisis
 a time of __________________________________________
FREUD VS ERIKSON
Both Freud and Erikson believed that children matured and developed through stages:
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Freud believed that children developed through a series of _______________________
____________ . These stages occurred one after the other. If an individual became
__________________ at any one stage, they _________________________________
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Erikson believed that children developed through a series of ______________________
____________ where certain needs must be met at each stage or their _____________
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Textbook Page 74. Read “Sigmund Freud” and Define Fixation
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Textbook Page 76. Read “Erik Erikson” and Define Identify Crisis giving a solid example.
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Draw a line to match the stages that are similar between Erikson and Freud.
FREUD
ERIKSON
Phallic
Industry vs Inferiority
Genital
Trust vs Mistrust
Anal
Identity vs Confusion
Latent
Initiative vs Guilt
Oral
Autonomy vs Doubt
Adult Fixation
Smoking, Over-eating
Orderliness, Messiness
Deviancy, Sexual Dysfunction
None
If all stages successfully completed –
sexual maturity and mentally healthy
MARY AINSWORTH
Her studies of child development have become the groundwork
for our understanding of ______________________________
___________________ AND how it influences ____________
in later life.
She is most well known for her “Strange Situation” experiment
STRANGE SITUATION PROCEDURE
The security of attachment in one- to two-year-olds was investigated by Ainsworth and Bell
(1970) in the 'strange situation' study, in order to determine the nature of attachment behaviors
and styles of attachment.
Ainsworth (1970) developed an experimental procedure in order to observe the variety of
attachment forms exhibited between mothers and infants.
The experiment is set up in a small room with one way glass so the behavior of the infant can
be observed. Infants were aged between 12 and 18 months. The sample comprised about 100
middle class American families.
The procedure, known as the ‘Strange Situation’, was conducted by observing the behavior of
the infant in a series of seven 3-minute episodes.
Four categories of behaviors are measured and observed: (1) separation anxiety: the unease
the infant shows when left by the caregiver, (2) the infant’s willingness to explore,
(3) stranger anxiety: the infant’s response to the presence of a stranger, and (4) reunion
behavior: the way the caregiver was greeted on return.
Children were categorized into 3 different types of attachment:
1. Secure Attachment
2. Avoidant Attachment
3. Resistant Attachment
TEXTBOOK WORK:
Read Pages 80-81.
1. In your own words, describe the 3 different types of attachment.
2. What was the most significant contribution Mary Ainsworth made to psychology?
3. Do you think that the same results would be achieved if this experiment were conducted
today with people of different cultural backgrounds?
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