Chapter 1
Section 3
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements OBJECTIVES
 Be able to define: group, family, period, metal,
nonmetal, and metalloid.
 Be able to identify and properly spell the name
of an element when given its symbol and be
able to write the symbol of an element, using
problem conventions (first letter
capitalized/second lowercase), when given the
name of that element
 Be able to describe the arrangement of the
Periodic Table
 Be able to distinguish the properties of metals,
nonmetals, and metalloids.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
 Remember:
Elements are _______
_____________ that cannot be decomposed
by chemical changes. Elements serve as the
building blocks of _________ and each has
characteristic properties.
 There are over ______ known elements that
are organized into groups based on similar
______________ properties. The organization of
these elements is called the _____________
____________.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
 Remember:
Elements are PURE Substances
that cannot be decomposed by chemical
changes. Elements serve as the building
blocks of matter and each has characteristic
properties.
 There are over ______ known elements that
are organized into groups based on similar
______________ properties. The organization of
these elements is called the _____________
____________.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
 Remember:
Elements are PURE Substances
that cannot be decomposed by chemical
changes. Elements serve as the building
blocks of matter and each has characteristic
properties.
 There are over 100 known elements that are
organized into groups based on similar
chemical properties. The organization of
these elements is called the periodic table.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
PERIODIC TABLE
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
I. Introduction to the Periodic Table:
 Each square on the periodic table shows
the ________ and the ________ ___________
for each element.
 Each element has been assigned a symbol
based on its name. Symbols may reflect
older ________ of elements or languages
other than English.
Ex. Mercury (Hg) – hydrargyrum & Potassium (K) –
kalium
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
I. Introduction to the Periodic Table:
 Each square on the periodic table shows
the symbol and the atomic number for
each element.
 Each element has been assigned a symbol
based on its name. Symbols may reflect
older names of elements or languages other
than English.
Ex. Mercury (Hg) – hydrargyrum & Potassium (K) –
kalium
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
I. Introduction to the Periodic Table
 Generally, the first letter of the name of the
element is used as its symbol and it is
ALWAYS _______________.
Ex. Hydrogen (H), Carbon (C), & Vanadium (V)
 If
elements begin with the same first letter, a
second letter is used which is sounded in the
name. The second letter is ALWAYS
___________.
Ex. Carbon (C), Calcium (Ca), Chromium (Cr)
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
I. Introduction to the Periodic Table
 Generally, the first letter of the name of the
element is used as its symbol and it is
ALWAYS capitalized.
Ex. Hydrogen (H), Carbon (C), & Vanadium (V)
 If
elements begin with the same first letter, a
second letter is used which is sounded in the
name. The second letter is ALWAYS
lowercase.
Ex. Carbon (C), Calcium (Ca), Chromium (Cr)
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
Introduction to the Periodic Table
 The ________ columns of the periodic table
are called ________ or __________.
I.
 Each
group contains elements with similar
___________ properties.
 The
two major categories of elements are
________ and _____________. ____________
have properties intermediate between
metals and nonmetals.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
Introduction to the Periodic Table
 The vertical columns of the periodic table
are called groups or families.
I.
 Each
group contains elements with similar
__________ properties.
 The
two major categories of elements are
________ and ____________. ____________ have
properties intermediate between metals and
nonmetals.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
Introduction to the Periodic Table
 The vertical columns of the periodic table
are called groups or families.
I.
 Each
group contains elements with similar
chemical properties.
 The
two major categories of elements are
________ and ____________. have properties
intermediate between metals and nonmetals.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
Introduction to the Periodic Table
 The vertical columns of the periodic table
are called groups or families.
I.
 Each
group contains elements with similar
chemical properties.
 The
two major categories of elements are
metals and nonmetals. Metalloids have
properties intermediate between metals and
nonmetals.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
I. Introduction to the Periodic Table
 The
horizontal ______ of elements in the
periodic table are called _________.
 Physical
and chemical properties _________
somewhat regularly across a period.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
I. Introduction to the Periodic Table
 The
horizontal rows of elements in the
periodic table are called periods.
 Physical
and chemical properties _________
somewhat regularly across a period.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
I. Introduction to the Periodic Table
 The
horizontal rows of elements in the
periodic table are called periods.
 Physical
and chemical properties change
somewhat regularly across a period.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
I. Introduction to the Periodic Table
 The two sets of elements places below the
periodic table make up the _______________
series and _____________ series.
 These
____________ elements fit into the
table after elements _____ and _____. They
are placed below the table to keep it from
being ______ _______.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
I. Introduction to the Periodic Table
 The two sets of elements places below the
periodic table make up the lanthanide
series and actinide series.
 These
____________ elements fit into the
table after elements _____ and _____. They
are placed below the table to keep it from
being ______ _______.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
I. Introduction to the Periodic Table
 The two sets of elements places below the
periodic table make up the lanthanide
series and actinide series.
 These
metallic elements fit into the table
after elements 57 and 89. They are placed
below the table to keep it from being too
wide.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
Metals:
A metal is an element that is a good
___________ ____________ and a good _______
conductor.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
Metals:
A metal is an element that is a good
electrical conductor and a good heat
conductor.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
Properties of metals
 Most
are ________ at room temperature
 ____________
- they can be hammered or
rolled into thin sheets
 Ductile
- they can be drawn into a ______
_______.
 Conduct
electricity and heat well
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
Properties of metals
 Most
are solid at room temperature
 Malleable
- they can be hammered or rolled
into thin sheets
 Ductile
- they can be drawn into a fine wire.
 Conduct
electricity and heat well
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
Copper: A Typical Metal
 Copper
is a ___________ color and has a
__________ luster.
 It
is found naturally in minerals such as Chalcopyrite
& Malachite
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
Copper: A Typical Metal
 Copper
luster.
 It
is a reddish color and has a metallic
is found naturally in minerals such as Chalcopyrite
& Malachite
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
Nonmetals:
A nonmetal is an element that is a ______
conductor of heat and electricity.
(a) carbon, (b) sulfur, (c) phosphorus, and (d) iodine
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
Nonmetals:
A nonmetal is an element that is a poor
conductor of heat and electricity.
(a) carbon, (b) sulfur, (c) phosphorus, and (d) iodine
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
Properties of nonmetals
 Many

are _________
Solids are ___________
 Poor
conductors of heat and electricity
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
Properties of nonmetals
 Many

are gases.
Solids are brittle.
 Poor
conductors of heat and electricity
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
Phosphorus: A Typical Nonmetal
1
of ___ solid nonmetals. It is known in two
common forms: ______ phosphorus – dark red
powder & _________ phosphorus – waxy solid that
ignites at room temperature.
 Phosphorus
nature.
 All
is too reactive to exist in pure form in
living things contain phosphorus.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
Phosphorus: A Typical Nonmetal
1
of 5 solid nonmetals. It is known in two common
forms: red phosphorus – dark red powder & white
phosphorus – waxy solid that ignites at room
temperature.
 Phosphorus
nature.
 All
is too reactive to exist in pure form in
living things contain phosphorus.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
Metalloids:
A
metalloid is an element that has some
characteristics of _________ and some
characteristics of _____________.
 Metalloids
are found
____________ the metals
and nonmetals on the
periodic table.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
Metalloids:
A
metalloid is an element that has some
characteristics of Metals and some
characteristics of Nonmetals.
 Metalloids
are found
____________ the metals
and nonmetals on the
periodic table.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
Metalloids:
A
metalloid is an element that has some
characteristics of Metals and some
characteristics of Nonmetals.
 Metalloids
are found
between the metals
and nonmetals on the
periodic table.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
Properties of metalloids
 All
metalloids are __________ at room temperature
 Less
______________ than metals, but not as
_________ as nonmetals
 _________________________
of electricity
 Ex. used in circuitry found in desktop computers,
digital watches, TVs and radios.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
Properties of metalloids
 All
metalloids are solid at room temperature
 Less
malleable than metals, but not as brittle as
nonmetals.
 _________________________
of electricity
 Ex. used in circuitry found in desktop computers,
digital watches, TVs and radios.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
Properties of metalloids
 All
metalloids are solid at room temperature
 Less
malleable than metals, but not as brittle
 Semiconductors
of electricity
 Ex. used in circuitry found in desktop computers,
digital watches, TVs and radios.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
Noble Gases
 Noble
gases are the elements in Group ___
of the periodic table.
 They
are generally _____________ and are
gases at _______ temperature.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
Noble Gases
 Noble
gases are the elements in Group 18
of the periodic table.
 They
are generally unreactive and are
gases at room temperature.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
Noble Gases
 Neon,
argon, krypton
and xenon are used
in ______________,
whereas helium is used
in party/weather balloons
because it is ______
_________ than air.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 3: Elements
Noble Gases
 Neon,
argon, krypton
and xenon are used
in lighting,
whereas helium is used
in party/weather balloons
because it is less dense
than air.