Lyubykh Viktoriya
2 August 1934 – 30
April 1945
Adolf
Hitler
Aggresion and Appeasement
(1933-1939)
Firstly, Hitler proclaimed that he intended to
overturn the “ unjust system” of Treaties of
Versailles and Locarno – but ONLY by legal
means.
 As leaders showed their willingness to
compromise he increased his demands and
finally began attacking his neighbors.
 To camouflage his actions he proclaimed his
peaceful intentions to the entire world.

Aggresion and Appeasement
(1933-1939)
•
In March 1935 Hitler established a general
military draft,
• meanwhile other countries started to realize the
danger.
• Britain adopted a policy of appeasement,
granting Hitler everything he wanted in order to
avoid war.
• Britain underestimated Germany. They believed
that Germany is “a Western bulwark against
Communism”.
Aggresion and Appeasement
(1933-1939)
In October 1933 Hitler went out of the
League of Nations
 He moved to incorporate independent
Austria into a greater Germany
 Austrian Nazis climaxed an attempted
overthrow by murdering the Austrian
chancellor in July 1934, but were unable
to take part because of Mussolini, who
massed his troops on Brenner Pas and
threatened to fight.

Aggresion and Appeasement
(1933-1939)

In March 1935 Hitler established a
general military draft and declared
“unjust system” of Treaties of Versailles
null and void. Only now the leaders of
the other countries began to understand
the danger. France, Italy and Great
Britain strongly protested against future
aggressive actions, but the united front
against Hitler quickly collapsed.
Aggresion and Appeasement
(1933-1939)
Britain adopted a policy of
appeasement, granting Hitler everything
he could want in order to avoid war.
 In June 1935 Anglo-German agreement
was created, ipso facto breaking
Germany’s isolation.
 In March 1936 Hitler suddenly marched
into Rhineland, violating the police of
Treaties.

Aggresion and Appeasement
(1933-1939)

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Most of the powerful conservatives in Britain
underestimated Hitler, believing that Hitler can
be a weapon against the Soviet Communism.
A leading member Britain’s government
personally told Hitler in November 1937 that it
was his conviction that Hitler “ not only had
accomplished great things in Germany itself,
but that through the total destruction of
Communism in his own country…Germany
rightly had to be considered as a Western
bulwark against Communism”
Benito Amilcare
Andrea Mussolini
(24 December 1925 – 25 July 1943)
Italian politician, one of the founders of
Italian fascism
Aggresion and Appeasement
(1933-1939)
In 1935 Mussolini decided that imperial
expansion was needed to revitalize Italian
fascism.
 So, in 1935 he attacked the independent
African kingdom of Ethiopia.
 In spite of criticism of Mussolini’s actions
Germany and Italy agreed on close
cooperation, the so-called Rome-Berlin
Axis. Japan, which had been expanding
into Manchuria since 1931 soon joined the
Axis alliance.

Hitler and
Mussolini
together
Aggresion and Appeasement
(1933-1939)

At the same time, Germany and Italy
intervened in the long, complicated
Spanish civil war, where they helped
General Francisco Franco fascist
movement to defeat republican Spain.
Aggresion and Appeasement
(1933-1939)

In late 1937 Hitler got an “unshakable
decision” to crush Austria and
Czechoslovakia. By threatening Austria
with invasion, Hitler forced the Austrian
chancellor in March 1938 to put local
Nazis in control of the government. The
next day, German armies moved in
unopposed, and Austria became two
more provinces of Greater Germany.
Aggresion and Appeasement
(1933-1939)
 Simultaneously, Hitler demanded that the
German-speaking minority of the province of
Czechoslovakia is to be turned over to
Germany.
 France had been Czechoslovakia’s ally
since 1924 and if France fought, The Soviet
Union promised to help.
 Contradicting his territory assurances, Hitler
ordered his armies to occupy Czech lands in
1939.
Aggresion and Appeasement
(1933-1939)
In August 1939 Hitler and Stalin signed
a ten-year Nazi-Soviet nonaggression
pact.
 On September 1, 1939 German armies
and warplanes smashed into Poland
from three sides.
 Two days later, as promised, Britain and
France declared war to Germany. The
Second World War begun.

World War II. Hitler’s empire.
(1939-1942)
Using planes, tanks, and trucks in the
first example of a blitzkrieg, ot “lightning
war”, Hitler’s armies crushed Poland in
four weeks.
 By July 1940, Hitler ruled practically all
of western continental Europe; Italy was
an ally, and the Soviet Union and Spain
were friendly neutrals.

World War II. Hitler’s empire.
(1939-1942)
Only Britain, led by Winston Churchill
left unconquered, so Germany sought to
gain control of the air, the necessary
step toward the invasion.
 The Battle of Britain occurred, rivals
were fighting high in the sky; both
countries had huge losses.
 Hitler realized that there was no
immediate invasion of Britain.

World War II. Hitler’s
empire.
(1939-1942)
In June 1941
German armies
suddenly attacked
the Soviet Union
along a vast front.
World War II. Hitler’s empire.
(1939-1942)

Hitler ruled over a vast European
Empire from Moscow to the English
Channel. Nazi all over the sieged and
defeated countries tried to establish the
so called “New Order” based on the
guiding principle of the Nazi
totalitarianism: racial imperialism.
New Order
1.
2.
3.
4.
Nordic peoples (Dutch, Norwegians, Danes) received
preferential treatment because they belonged to the “master
race”, the Germans.
The French, and “inferior Latin people, occupied a middle
position. They were heavily taxed to support the Nazi, but
were still tolerated as a race.
Slavs were treated with harsh hatred as “subhumans”. Polish
workers were sent to Germany, where conditions of slave
labor were so harsh that four out of five Soviet prisoners did
not survive.
Finally, the Nazi state condemned all European Jews to
extermination, along with many Gypsies, Jehovah’s
Witnesses, and the captured communists. Nazi deported all
the Jews to Poland, where those people were concentrated
in ghettos, compelled to wear a star, and turned them into
slave laborers.
Heinrich Himmler
was Reichsfuhrer of
the SS, a military
commander, and a
leading member of
the Nazi Party.
The Grand Alliance
1.
2.
3.
Roosevelt accepted Churchill’s
contention that the US should
concentrate first on defeating Hitler.
Americans and the British put
immediate military need first.
“Unconditional surrender” of Germany
and Japan – this policy denied Hitler to
divide his foes.
Description: Second world war
Europe
Source: Own animation, based
on the maps of the University of
Texas Libraries.
Author: San Jose, 19. July 2005
RED - Western Allies and
GREEN- USSR since 1941
BLUE - Axis and Vichy France
WHITE - neutral
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July 1942 Germans drive to Stalingrad, occupy most of the city.
November 1942 counteraction of Soviet armies. Hitler suffering a catastrophic defeat. (
from 300,000 men to 123,000)
Summer 1943 better-equipped Soviet armies took the offensive and began moving
forward.
Late 1942, the tide also turned in the Pacific and in North Africa.
May 1942 – the Battle of the Coral Sea
August 1942 American marines attacked Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands.
May 1942 combined German and Italian armies were defeated by British forces at the
Battle of El Alamein.
Italian government publicly accepted unconditional surrender in September 1943.
Mussolini was rescued and put into the puppet government. German armies seized
Rome and all of the northern Italy. Fighting continued in Italy.
On June 6 , 1944 American and British forces under General Dwight Eisenhower
landed on the beaches of Normandy, France, in history’s greatest naval invasion. In
100 days more than 2 million people pushed forward and broke through German lines.
The Soviets reached the outskirts of Warsaw by August 1944. For the next six months
they moved into Romania, Hungary and Yugoslavia.
In January 1945 Red army moved westward through Poland and on April 26 it met
American forces on the Elbe River. The Allies had closed their vise on Nazi Germany
and overrun Europe. As Soviet forces fought their way into Berlin Hitler committed
suicide in his bunker, and on May 7 the remaining German commanders capitulated.
Three months later, the US dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in
Japan.
On August 14, 1945 he Japanese announced their surrender. Finally, the Second World
War which had claimed the lives of more than 50 milllion soldiers and civilians, was
over.
Thank you!