Polarized Proton Solid Target
at high-T and low-B
Tomohiro Uesaka
Center for Nuclear Study, Tokyo
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Outline
• Polarization study of nuclei
spin-orbit coupling in nuclei
early experiment by O. Chambalain
motivation to RI beam studies
• Polarized proton solid target at high-T and low-B
use of photo-excited triplet state of aromatic molecule
• Future plan
RI Beam Facility at RIKEN
• Summary
Mayer & Jensen claimed in 1948
strong spin-orbit force:
necessary to account for the magic numbers
one order stronger than the Thomas term
O. Chamberlain et al. Phys. Rev. 102 (1956) 1659.
measured Ay (Py) for
p- He/Be/C/Al/Ca/Fe/Ta
through double scatt.method
→ direct evidence of
spin-orbit force
Polarization
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Spin-orbit force in nuclei
E. Fermi ,
scattering angle [deg]
Nuovo Cimento 10 (1954) 407.
VLS deduced from the scattering experiment
is consistent with that required by the shell model
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Initiation of polarization study
Polarized ion source (~1956)
Claussnitzer, Fleishmann
→ spectroscopy of single particle
states via (d,p)/(p,d) reactions.
→ clarify the role played by
spin dependent interactions
Polarized target (DNP)
O. Chamberlain et al.
Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 8 ('63) 38.
La2Mg3(NO3)12 24H2O
B = 1.8 T
T = 1.2 K
P ~ 50%
from Jefferies's Textbook
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Spin dep. interaction
Basic regularity in nuclei ← spin dependent interaction
shell structure
← spin-orbit force
magic numbers: 2, 8 , 20, 28, 50, 82, 126. . . .
saturation
← tensor force
same density (0.17 nucleon/fm3) everywhere
pairing of like particles
Polarization studies have made great contributions to clarify
manifestations of spin dependent interactions in nuclei.
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Physics far from the stability line
New data from experiments with RI beam
→ "basic" regularities are valid only locally
in the vicinity of the stability line.
J=0 pairing of
unlike particles
halo: low density
neutron matter
change of shell structure:
disappearance of "old" magic numbers
appearance of "new" magic numbers
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Polarized Proton Targets for RIB
Requirements on the polarized proton target for RI beam exp.
RI beam : Low intensity of < 106 Hz
high-density solid target
gas target
any p solid target: compound including hydrogen atoms
detection of recoiled protons: essential for event ID
5 MeV proton: range < 0.2mm in Al
Br = 0.33 Tm
conventional p targets at low T(<1K) and at high B (>2.5T)
places serious difficulty in proton detection.
B=2.5 T → r ~ 13cm
Solutions
spin frozen target (Oak Ridge-PSI collaboration)
new technique to polarize at low-B and high-T
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Proton Pol. at low-B and high-T
Idea: use of electron polarization (population difference)
in photo-excited triplet state of aromatic molecule
H.W. van Kesteren et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 55 (1985) 1642.
A. Henstra et al., Phys. Lett. A 134 (1988) 134.
Energy diagram of pentacene molecule
Singlet state Triplet state
mixing due to
spin-orbit int.
in molecule
population
S2
S1
Electron polarization
Laser
T1
S0 on B nor T
depends neither
+1
(12%)
0
(76%)
-1
(12%)
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Electron population difference
z
y
Pentacene molecule
x
B // x
B // x : Pmax = 73%
B // y : Pmax = 48%
B // z : Pmax = 70%
B // y
0.12
0.45
0.76
0.16
B // z
0.46
Population
0.08
0.12
0.39
Crystal alignment is essential for large polarization
0.46
pentacene
Naphthalene C10H8
p-terphenyl C18H14
density
1.16 g/cm3
pentacene concent. 0.01 mol%
melting point
80.2 deg.
-1]
[/min]
rate
Relaxation
Relaxation rate
[min.
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Host materials
102
density
1.24 g/cm3
pentacene concent. 0.1 mol%
melting point
208 deg.
phase transition (193 K)
naphthalene @0.09 T
J. U. von Shuetz et al.
Z. Nauturforsch. 22a, (1967) 643.
100
p-terphenyl @0.46 T
10-2
10-4
impurity
100
slow molecular
motion (∝H-1/2)
200
300
Temperature [K]
Temperature
[K]
400
K. Kouda et al.
J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 51, (1982) 3936.
low T : naphthalene
high T : p-terphenyl
[ M. Iinuma, private communication]
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Technical aspects
Dye
YAG
Ar-ion
Optical pumping
400
500
pol. light is not necessary
Wavelength (nm)
broad spectral width : less demands on laser
Ar-ion laser, dye laser, YAG laser, etc.
600
Polarization transfer to protons at low B
cross polarization method (Hartmann & Hahn, PR 128 (1962) 2042.)
high efficiency even at low B
Cooling
operation temperature ~ 100 K
blow of cold nitrogen gas is sufficient
→ decrease materials around the target
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Application to Part. & Nucl. Physics
Masaike, Iinuma et al. (Kyoto)
M. Iinuma et al., Phys. Lett. A 208 (1995) 251.
M. Iinuma et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 (2000) 171.
K. Takeda et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 345 (2001) 166.
applied this novel technique to neutron beam experiments
naphthalene+pentacene
T=77K
B=0.3T
Laser: dye laser, 350 mW
System for basic study with Ar-ion laser
T. Wakui et al., NIM A 526 (2004) 182 & NIM A 550 (2005) 521.
Polarization in p-terphenyl
at 0.3T, room temperature
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Polarization
偏極度 [%] [%]
Polarization in naphthalene
at 0.3 T, 100K
[%]
Polarization
Polarization (%)
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Optical pumping by Ar-ion Laser
crystal size
4×4×3mm3
6
4
2
00
0
2
4
6
8
Time (hours)
10
12
50
100
時間 [分]
150
Time [min]
Time [hours]
Proton polarization : 36.8±4.3%
(39.3±4.6%)
4.8±1.2%
enhancement factor > 5×104
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Development for RI beam exp.
• production of large single crystal and shaping it to thin disk
with large diameter.
14mmφ, 1mm-thickness
• thin microwave resonator (f = 2－3GHz)
copper film loop gap resonator
• improvement of NMR sensitivity
• reduction of material around the target
target cooling with blowing cold N2 gas
• evaluation of radiation damage due to HI irradiation
• polarization measurement with p-4He scattering
thermal polarization measurement: impossible
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Target system & Polarization
Polarization at 0.08T and 100K
RI beam
laser light
small effects
of radiation
damage
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS First experiments
effects of excess neutrons on spin-orbit potential?
proton elastic scatterings on helium isotopes
4He
N/Z=1
rm =1.49 fm
S2n=28.3 MeV
6He
N/Z=2
rm=2.30 fm
S2n=1.86 MeV
halo (or skin?)
8He
N/Z=3
rm=2.45 fm
S2n=2.58 MeV
skin
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS p-6He Elastic scattering at 71 MeV/u
Theoretical predictions
before the measurement
Preliminary results at RIPS, RIKEN
There exists something beyond our current understandings.
The effect appears only in spin polarization data.
Measurement for 8He is planned in 2007.
S. P. Weppner et al.
Phys. Rev. C 61 (2000) 044601.
Sakaguchi et al.
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS RI Beam Factory at RIKEN
high resolution
SHARAQ Spectrometer
Use of the polarized target enhances
scientific opportunities with RI beam at RIBF.
proton elastic scatterings
(p,pN) reactions for spectroscopy of single hole states
(p,p') and (p,n) reactions to deduce spin responses
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Summary
A new technique to polarize protons at low-B and high-T is developed.
by use of photo-excited triplet state of aromatic molecule.
The proton polarization has been applied to a radioactive nuclear beam
experiment at RIPS, RIKEN.
p-6He elastic scattering at 71 MeV/u
The result is beyond our current understandings.
Scientific opportunities with radioactive isotope beams are expanding.
It should be exciting to shed a light of POLARIZATION to the field.
Polarization of radioactive nuclei: P. Mantica, H. Ueno etc.
Scattering of polarized protons: this talk, Oak Ridge-PSI
A role played by spin physics community is very important.
spin physics community ⇔ heavy ion physics community
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Collaborators
CNS, Tokyo
T. Wakui (→CYRIC), S. Sakaguchi, T. Kawabata, K. Suda,
Y. Maeda, Y. Sasamoto, T. Uesaka
Dep. of Physics, Tokyo
M. Hatano (→Hitachi), H. Sakai, K. Yako, H. Kuboki, M. Sasano,
H. Iwasaki, Y. Ichikawa, D. Suzuki, T. Nakao
Toho University
T. Kawahara
Saitama University
K. Itoh
RCNP, Osaka University
A. Tamii
CYRIC, Tohoku University
H. Okamura, M. Itoh, R. Matsuo, M. Ichikawa
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Y. Satou, Y. Hashimoto, M. Shinohara
RIKEN
N. Aoi, K. Sekiguchi, M. Yamaguchi
BACKUP
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Research plans at RIBF
RIBF energy: 150－350 MeV/u
nuclei are most transparent.
Proton elastic scattering
Spectroscopic studies with (p,pN) reactions
→ unambiguous determination of the spin-orbit splitting
Spin responses of unstable nuclei via (p,p') and (p,n) reactions
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Method of Effective Polarization
KEYS:
・ Large spin correlation in N-N scattering, Cy,y ~0.8, at E/A~200 MeV
s↑↑ ≫ s ↑↓
→ incident proton interacts mostly with nucleon with the same spin
・ Distortion to recoiled (low energy) nucleon
if recoiled nucleon goes into the target nucleus → absorbed
proton with spin↑
pN < 0
L
if pN < 0
R
L
Ay < 0 for j>
Ay > 0 for j<
j>
j<
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Method of Effective Polarization
16O(p,pp)
G. Jacob et al., Phys. Lett. B 45 (1973) 181.
@ 215 MeV
d3s/dW1dW2dE
P. Kinching et al., Nucl. Phys. A 340 (1980) 423.
p1/2
p3/2
Ay
16O(p,pp)
@ 200MeV
pN
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS (p,pN) at RIBF
E/A = 200-250MeV:
best energy for the study
1) weak distortion for incoming and
scattered proton
Ep=150－250MeV
2) modest absorption for recoiled nucleon
EN=50－100MeV
3) large spin-correlation parameter
in N-N scattering
Cy,y ~ 0.8
4) reaction theory established
relativistic DWIA
G.C. Hillhouse et al.
Cy,y for p-p scattering
Shell regularity in the region
far from the stability line
how p (n) spin-orbit splitting
depends on n (p) number?
Ej<-Ej'>
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Spectroscopy of particle/hole state
Experimental approach:
nucleon transfer reactions
→ low energies
nucleon knockout reactions
→ intermediate energies: RIBF
Is the Nuclear Spin-Orbit Interaction
Changing with Neutron Excess?
J. P. Schiffer et al., PRL 92 (2004) 162501.
N-A
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Experiments at RIBF
(p,pp)
(p,pn)
Ni , Sn, Ca isotopes
N=50, 28 isotones
proton detectors
SHARAQ
from BigRIPS
neutron detectors
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS p-8He Elastic Scattering
R. Crespo et al., PRC 51 (1995) 3283.
p+8He
full
core
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Polarized proton targets by DNP
Transfer thermal polarization of electrons to protons
by microwave irradiation
large magnetic moment of electron
→ large Pe at low-T (<1K) and high-B (>2.5T)
hyperfine interaction between electron and proton
rapid spin relaxation of electrons
slow spin relaxation of protons
Solid effect (or Overhauser effect)
A.W. Overhauser Physical Review 92 (1953) 411.
[1] C.D. Jefferies, Dynamic Nuclear Orientation (1963)
[2] A. Abragam, The Principles of Nuclear Magnetism (1961)
[3] A. Abragam and M. Goldman, Nuclear Magnetism: Order and Disorder (1982)
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Magic numbers
2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, 126 . . . .
believed to be universal throughout the nuclear chart.
BUT, this has proven not to be true.
← new data from radioactive nuclear beam experiments
C
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
NS
Reactions with spin-polarized
probes
Invention of polarized ion source (1956) by Claussnitzer, Fleishmann
→ drastic progresses in polarization study
firm basis of LS potential
local and global optical potentials
VLS ~ 5 MeV
weak dependence on E, A
A.J. Koning & J.P. Delaroche
Nuclear Physics A 713 (2003) 231.
n-56Fe
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS 新光源: 高輝度発光ダイオード
Luxeon社
~100 mW @300mA
波長: 590nA
時間構造: 電流で制御
安価 (2000円/個)
[ M. Iinuma, private communication]
Dye
Ar-ion
400
YAG
500
600
Wavelength (nm)
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Polarized proton solid target
Many deep inelastic scattering experiments
EMC(→SMC)→COMPASS @CERN
SLAC
Production of spin-polarized neutron (ex. KEK)
large difference between s↑↑and s↑↓
Nuclear physics experiments
CNS group → unstable nuclear physics experiment
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Gyromagnetic Ratio
ratio of magnetic moment to angular momentum
for electron and proton
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS 結晶近傍
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS 装置の全貌
Polarization is determined
by competition of A and G
0.10
8
6
0.05
4
2
0.00
0
5
10
15
20
25
0
30
Time [hours]
Radiation damage due to HI irradiation
before irradiation 0.1 h-1
after irradiation 0.3 h-1 (2×1010)
B
10
Counts
-1
12
Polarization
9
Polarization [arb. units]
0.15
Relaxation rate G [h ]
0.4
Cumulated Counts [×10 ]
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Detailed Study of Radiation Damage
0.3
0.2
100 K
150 K
0.1
0
200 K
0
20
40
60
Time [hours]
80
100
The damage can be
cured at temperature
higher than 200K.
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Early work at Leyden
Schmidt group at Leyden
H.W. van Kesteren et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 89 (1982) 67.
Chem. Phys. Lett. 121 (1985) 440.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 55 (1985) 1642.
Fluorene + Phenanthrene
固体効果 (低磁場では効率悪い)
Pp ~ 2% @ 0.3T, 1.2K
P~2%
→ 42% @ 2.7T, 1.4K
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Polarization at Lower Field
A. Henstra et al., Leyden group
A. Henstra et al., Phys. Lett. A 134 (1988) 134.
A. Henstra et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 165 (1990) 6.
Naphthalene + Pentacene
Cross polarization method
efficient even at low magnetic field
29Si:B
T=1.2K
B=0.264T
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS ナフタレンの純化
ゾーン・メルティング法
融点以上のゾーンを通過させる
不純物が偏析する
ヒーター(molten zone)
不純物
10mm/h
液化領域 (90 C)
固体領域 (25 C)
純化されたナフタレン
不純物
(Benzo thiophene)
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS 単結晶の製作
ブリッヂマン法
1 mm/h
シリコン
オイル
(90 ℃)
ヒーター
グリセリン
(25 ℃)
ナフタレンの融点:80度
キャピラリーで生じた結晶が種となり
大きな単結晶に成長
equalize Zeeman splittings of different species
H0
ω
γ
S.R. Hartmann and E.L. Hahn, Phys. Rev. 128 (1962) 2042.
Heff
歳差運動と近い周波数を持つ回転磁場中
にスピンを置いた時、スピンが感じる有効
磁場は w/g だけ減ぜられる。
H1
Heff = H0 -
ω
γ
+ H1
回転磁場の周波数が歳差周波数と離れていれば影響ほぼ無し
effective Lamor frequency
(MHz)
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Cross Polarization
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Hartmann-Hahnの条件
(交差緩和)
e (rot. frame)
p (rot. frame)
electron
proton
energy exchange
0
磁場の強さ
time
τ
ESR
電子の有効ラーマー周波数が陽子の周波数と一致する時間：
接触時間(contact time)
接触時間が長い方が偏極移行率が
大きくなる。
極小値の値はマイクロ波の強度で決まる。
結晶の内部磁場による広がり: 数 mT
外磁場を掃引ことにより、
全てのsiteで遷移を起こす。
effective Lamor frequency
(MHz)
数mT
"スピン移行率"
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Hartmann-Hahn条件
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
electron
proton
0
外磁場の強さ
time
τ
H-H条件
マイクロ波強度[W] ⇔ H1
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS 偏極度測定：パルス核磁気共鳴法
突然横磁場(RF)をかける
→ スピンが倒れ、z軸の周り
に回転する。
→ xz平面に置かれたコイル
に誘導起電力発生
w '  -g H1
z’
M
  -g H1t
x’
y’
H1
gp: 2.68×108/T/s
角度：RF場の強さ、パルス幅で決まる
横磁場を切った後は、非一様磁場や
スピンスピン相互作用のためスピン
軸の回転位相がばらばらになり、
信号強度が減衰する。
Free Induction Decay (FID)
FID信号の例
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS パルスNMR
回転角を使い分ける
信号強度
~ sin()
減偏極
~ 1-cos()
弱パルス(~5度):
偏極度モニター
90度パルス:
熱偏極信号
パラメータ調整時
180度パルス：
偏極反転
河原 et al.
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS 光ポンピング用レーザー
吸収スペクトル
ペンタセンのエネルギー準位
Singlet state Triplet state
25 μs
9 ns 40% T
S1
1
18 μs
60%
25 μs
[ M. Iinuma, private communication]
Dye
+1 (12%)
0 (76%)
-1 (12%)
Ar-ion
S0
400
レーザーの候補
YAG
500
600
Wavelength (nm)
フラッシュランプ励起色素レーザー
Pulse width
: 800 ns
Repetition rate : 50 Hz
Average power : 350 mW
アルゴン-イオンレーザー (CW)
Kyoto group 32%
[M. Iinuma et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, (2000) 171.]
色素の寿命 < 100 時間
Average power : 500 mW (25 W, 1 kHz, 20 ms)
YAG レーザー
Pulse width
: 10 ns
Repetition rate : 30 Hz
Average power : 3 W
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS
Phenomenological Optical Model Analysis
• Analysis procedure
1. Differential cross section
→ Central term
→ Volume abs. term
2. Analyzing power data
→ Spin-orbit term
1. Central and volume absorption
term
Initial pot.： 6Li potential
Fitted data： d.c.s.
Preliminary
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS THIN microwave resonator
Copper film loop gap resonator
B. T. Ghim et al., Jour. Mag. Reson. A 120 (1996) 72.
thin Teflon tube coated with
copper film on both sides
d = 16 mm z = 20 mm
w = 272 mm t = 25 mm
n = 15
L=9.7 nH , C = 0.29 pF
f = 3.0 GHz
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS LS potential in neutron-rich nuclei
LS potential
localized on the nuclear surface
1) should be modified
in neutron-rich nuclei
where neutron and proton
have different surfaces.
2) extended distribution of neutrons
may affect the shape of LS potential.
direct evidence from p-RI scattering needed
-> the polarized proton target + RI beam
p+6He Experiment at RIPS, 71 MeV/A
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Microscopic Theory
K.Amos et al., Adv. Nucl. Phys. 25
Ay
ds/dW
Scattering Angle
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS p-6He Elastic Scattering
p-6He, 8He, 11Li. . . Scatterings
matter (neutron) distribution
most fundamental direct reaction
ds/dW measurements
Dubna
25 MeV
R. Wolski et al., PLB 467 (1999) 8.
GANIL
38.3 MeV V. Lapoux et al., PLB 517 (2001) 18.
40.9 MeV A. Lagoyannis et al., PLB 518 (2001) 27.
RIKEN
71 MeV A. A. Korsheninnikov et al., NP A 616(1997) 45.
GSI
700 MeV G. D. Alkhazov et al., PRL 78 (1997) 2313.
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Detector Setup
TARGET
Naphthalene crystal
14mm f ×1mmt
Detector Telescope for protons
PSD for DE and position
Plastic Scintillator for E
Detector Telescope for 6He
MWDC for ray-tracking
Plastic Scintillator
DE (5mm)-E(30mm×2)
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Event Identification
• Small dilution factor of naphthalene target
C10H8 : dilution factor = 6.3%
particle identification
of recoiled particle
• Contribution from carbon
rejected using kinematic condition
p-6He Correlation
fp-f6He Correlation
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Elastic Scattering Events
Angular correlation
between p and 6He
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS p+6He Elastic Scattering
p+6He elastic at 71MeV/u
A. Korsheninnikov et al. (open)
Nucl. Phys. A 616 (1997) 45.
This Work (solid circles)
p+6Li elastic at 72MeV
R. Henneck et al.,
Nucl. Phys. A 571 (1994)541.
p+4He elastic at 72MeV
S. Buezynski et al.,
Phys. Rev. C 39 (1989) 56.
Preliminary
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Microscopic Calculations
Folding Models
t-matrix
Weppner et al.
Crespo et al.
g-matrix
Amos et al. Melbourne int.
Gupta et al., JLM + LS of global potential
Iseri et al.,
CEG, cluster-folding
Relativistic Impulse
Kaki et al.
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS St Petersburg-Ohio Group
Folding Nijmegen I interaction for several density distributions
S. P. Weppner et al. Phys. Rev. C 61 (2000) 044601.
Predictions of Microscopic
C
Theories
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
NS
JLM approach, LS from global potential
D. Gupta et al. Nuclear Physics A 674 (2000) 77.
Predictions of Microscopic
C
Theories
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
NS
Folding density dependent effective interaction
with realistic density distribution (HO base)
K. Amos et al. private communication
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS a+n+n folding potential
Iseri et al.
p-a optical pot. (fitted)
p-n CEG
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Relativistic Impulse
Kaki et al.
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS What is missing?
• Dynamical polarization potential
coupling to breakup states
• Contribution from
S=2 component in 4He
~10%
S=1 component in n-n
~10%
• isospin dependence of effective interaction
LS potential ← tensor interaction
strong density dependence
JLM:
no LS potential
CEG:
based on HJ pot.
no density dependence in LS int.
Melbourne: based on Paris pot.
density dependence in LS and tensor int.
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Phenomenological Optical Model
Global potential
Beccheti-Greenlees
Perey-Perey
CH89
Koning
A>40
A>40
A>40
A>24
E<50MeV
E<50MeV
E<65MeV
E<200MeV
Phys. Rev. 182 (1969) 1190.
ADNDT 13 (1974) 293.
Phys. Rep. 201 (1991) 57.
NPA713 (2003) 231.
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Optical Potential for p-6Li
R. Henneck et al.,
NPA 571 (1994) 541.
V =-31.67 MeV
rr =1.10 fm
ar = 0.75 fm
W =-14.14 MeV
ri = 1.15 fm
ai = 0.56 fm
Vls = -3.36 MeV
rls = 0.90 fm
als = 0.94 fm
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS
Phenomenological Optical Model Analysis
2. Spin-orbit term
Initial pot.： Obtained in 1.
Fitted data： Ay
Preliminary
6He
V=
rr =
ar =
W=
ri =
ai =
Vls =
rls =
als =
-20.2 MeV
1.27 fm
0.57 fm
-19.2 MeV
0.91 fm
0.64 fm
-2.70 MeV
1.21 fm
1.06 fm
6Li
-31.67 MeV
1.10 fm
0.75 fm
-14.14 MeV
1.15 fm
0.56 fm
-3.36 MeV
0.90 fm
0.94 fm
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS
Phenomenological Optical Model Analysis
2. Spin-orbit term
Initial pot.： Obtained in 1.
Fitted data： Ay
CH89
Preliminary
Preliminary
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS
Phenomenological Optical Model Analysis
2. Spin-orbit term
Initial pot.： Obtained in 1.
Fitted data： Ay
Preliminary
Preliminary
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS
Phenomenological Optical Model Analysis
2. Spin-orbit term
Initial pot.： Obtained in 1.
Fitted data： Ay
Preliminary
Preliminary
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS
Phenomenological Optical Model Analysis
2. Spin-orbit term
Initial pot.： Obtained in 1.
Fitted data： Ay
minimum c2
Preliminary
Preliminary
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS Phenomenological OMP analysis
S. Sakaguchi et al.
Exp.
Global
6Li
Vls (MeV)
2.3
5.90
3.36
rls (fm)
1.2
0.67
0.90
als (fm)
0.9
0.63
0.94
indication of extended shape
of 6He spin orbit potential
T. Uesaka, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
CNS System diagram