DNA Structure and Function FA
Learning Goal:
Every nucleotide is made up of…
1.
2.
3.
4.
Sugar
Phosphate
Nitrogen base
All of the above
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1
0%
0%
2
3
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4
NUCLEOTIDE
Regarding the nitrogen bases, Adenine always
bonds with which one?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cytosine
Thymine
Guanine
Uracil
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
Rules of pairing
nucleotide adenine pairs with nucleotide Thymine via 2
hydrogen bonds. A=T nucleotide cytosine pairs with
guanine via 3 hydrogen bonds G ≡ C
1 A =T & G ≡C pairs are called
complementary base pairs
2 Each single DNA strand is a polymer made
of deoxynucleotide monomers
3 Deoxyribonucleotide monomers are
linked from phosphate to deoxyribose
sugar in the DNA backbone
4 Weak Hydrogen bonds join
complementary base pairs of the 2
strands of the double helix to form the
rungs of the DNA ladder
5 The strands are anti-parallel so that one
strand has its phosphate group at the top
& hydroxyl on the bottom of the strand,
while the other is oriented oppositely.
DNA is the directions to make what
macromolecule?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Glucose
Protein
Carbohydrates
Lipids
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2
3
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Cells have 4 types of macromolecules (also known as
polymers)
Polymer
Carbohydrates
Lipids like fats
or phospholipids
or steroids
monomer
main funcitons
monosaccharides or sugars store energy
form structures
fatty acids
store energy
build cell membranes
hormones, communication
Nucleic acids DNA
RNA
deoxyribonucleotides store genetic information
ribonucleotide
allow protein synthesis
Proteins
amino acids
workers (tools) of the cell
enzymes, regulators,
structural components
The two strands of DNA are bonded together in
the middle by their…
1. Sugars
2. Phosphates
3. Nitrogen bases
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1
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2
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3
If one strand of DNA had a sequence of nitrogen bases that read
A C C T G A , than the complementary strand would have what
sequence?
1.
2.
3.
4.
ACCTGA
CTTGAT
TGGACT
TAACCC
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1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
Nitrogen Base Pairing
a. Adenine and Thymine
must form two hydrogen
bonds to be stable while
Guanine and Cytosine
must form three
1. Makes the base pairing
system extremely simple
2. A-T and C-G pairs are the
only ones physically
possible
In the following DNA molecule which is the
Deoxyribose Sugar
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
The letter A at the bottom of the picture
represents this monomer unit?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Amino acid
Nucleotide
DNA
mRNA
0%
0%
0%
0%
A
1
2
3
4
If your DNA ladder contains 28 sugars, how many
nucleotides would your DNA ladder contain?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1
14
28
42
56
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1
0%
2
0%
0%
3
4
0%
5
Nitrogen Base Pairing
a. Adenine and Thymine
must form two hydrogen
bonds to be stable while
Guanine and Cytosine
must form three
1. Makes the base pairing
system extremely simple
2. A-T and C-G pairs are the
only ones physically
possible
Where does DNA replication take place in a cell?
1. Cytoplasm
2. Endoplasmic
Reticulum
3. Golgi Body
4. Nucleus
5. Vacuole
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1
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learn.genetics.utah.edu
1 What is DNA?
Molecule with 2 matching
(complementary) sides
that wrap in a double helix.
One long double helix coils
Into one chromosome.
DNA stores hereditary
Information that controls
Traits.
tour of the basics
If a particular strand of DNA contains 20% Adenine, what
percentage of Thymine can be expected in the
complementary strand of DNA?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1%
10%
20%
40%
80%
0%
1
0%
2
0%
0%
3
4
0%
5
Nitrogen Base Pairing
a. Adenine and Thymine
must form two hydrogen
bonds to be stable while
Guanine and Cytosine
must form three
1. Makes the base pairing
system extremely simple
2. A-T and C-G pairs are the
only ones physically
possible
Which one of the following nucleotide pair bonds
would be found in a DNA molecule?
1.
2.
3.
4.
adenine-guanine
guanine-cytosine
adenine-cytosine
cytosine-uracil
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
Nitrogen Base Pairing
a. Adenine and Thymine
must form two hydrogen
bonds to be stable while
Guanine and Cytosine
must form three
1. Makes the base pairing
system extremely simple
2. A-T and C-G pairs are the
only ones physically
possible
The backbone of a DNA molecule is made
of which two components?
1. phosphate molecules
and ribose sugars
2. deoxyphosphate
molecules and ribose
sugars
3. phosphate molecules
and deoxyribose
sugars
4. deoxyphosphate
molecules and
deoxyribose sugars
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
Rules of pairing
nucleotide adenine pairs with nucleotide Thymine via 2
hydrogen bonds. A=T nucleotide cytosine pairs with
guanine via 3 hydrogen bonds G ≡ C
1 A =T & G ≡C pairs are called
complementary base pairs
2 Each single DNA strand is a polymer made
of deoxynucleotide monomers
3 Deoxyribonucleotide monomers are
linked from phosphate to deoxyribose
sugar in the DNA backbone
4 Weak Hydrogen bonds join
complementary base pairs of the 2
strands of the double helix to form the
rungs of the DNA ladder
5 The strands are anti-parallel so that one
strand has its phosphate group at the top
& hydroxyl on the bottom of the strand,
while the other is oriented oppositely.
Watson and Crick were the first to suggest
that DNA is _____.
1. a short molecule
2. the shape of a
double helix
3. a protein molecule
4. the genetic material
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
1
0%
13
14
15
2
0%
16
17
3
0%
18
19
20
4