Technical Search Specialist
Course
Module 5 Unit 2:
Global Positioning
System (GPS)
1
Terminal Objective
Upon completion of this unit, you will be able
to Operate the Garmin GPSMAP 60 Csx
2
Enabling Objectives
• Describe the basic segments and principles of the
global positioning satellite (GPS) system
• Explain waypoints
• Identify and describe the errors, concerns and
considerations related to GPS
• Demonstrate the use of the Garmin
GPSMAP 60 Csx
3
II. Introduction to GPS
4
The Global Positioning System
(GPS)
• A worldwide radio
navigation system
– A constellation of 24 orbital
satellites
– Funded by DoD
– Originally made for military
to launch submarine based
missiles more accurately
5
Four Primary Functions of GPS
GPS provides:
• Position and coordinates
• The distance and direction between any two
waypoints, or a position and a waypoint
• Travel progress reports
• Accurate time measurement
6
So why do you need GPS?
During a mission you
• Need to know where you are
• Need to know where are you going
• Need to find your way back
7
GPS Segments
• Satellite segment
• Control segment
• User segment
8
Space Segment
Satellite Segment
Control Segment
User Segment
Ground
Antennas
Master Station
Monitor Stations
9
GPS Monitor Stations
•
•
•
•
•
Hawaii
Ascension Island
Diego Garcia
Kwajalein
Colorado Springs
10
GPS Monitor Stations
US Space Command
Hawaii
Cape Canaveral
Kwajalein Atoll
Ascension
Island
Master Control Station
Diego Garcia
Monitor Station
Ground Antenna
User Segment
• Military
• Civilian
12
III. GPS Cautions and Considerations
13
Cautions/Considerations
• Satellite geometry
• Overhead view clear
–
–
–
–
Tall buildings
Satellite dishes
Microwaves
Heavy trees/environmental
• Multipath
• Atmospheric effects
14
Errors Using GPS
• Problems at the satellite
– Atomic clocks
– “Ephemeris” errors
• Intentional Errors
– "Selective Availability"
– Military receivers use a decryption key to remove the
SA errors
15
Errors Using GPS (continued)
• On May 1, 2000 Selective Availability was
turned off
– However,can be turned on at any time by
government
16
Gotcha’s Using GPS
• Common Map Datums
• GPS Almanac Updates
– Control segment orbital corrections need to be
downloaded
• Moving the GPS while turned off
– If moved more than 300 miles need to either
• Re-Initialize
• Allow unit time to self-update (can take up to 20 minutes)
17
Gotcha’s Using GPS (continued)
• Parallel versus Single Channel Receivers
– Single Channel receive data one satellite at a time
• Loss of satellite signal - unit must re-acquire satellite lock
– Parallel Channel receivers can receive from multiple
satellites simultaneously
• Loss of signal from any one or two satellites will not cause a
loss of satellite lock
18
Gotcha’s Using GPS (continued)
• Not allowing enough time for triangulation
• No standard unit for US&R teams
19
Conclusions
Remember …
• GPS is not a compass
• GPS tells you the direction you are moving
• Carry extra batteries
• Water resistant is better
• Antenna considerations
20
Enabling Objectives
•
•
•
•
•
•
Understand GPS unit controls.
Describe GPS unit pages.
Clear out track logs, routes, & waypoints.
Set up a GPS unit.
Make a track log, create waypoints, & project waypoints.
Navigate to waypoints, addresses, & points of interest using
the Find function.
• Use the Track Back feature.
• Create a route.
21
Garmin GPSMAP 60Cx Features
GPS
Waypoints
Track
Routes
Acquisition
Times
Memory
V
60C
60Cx/60CSx
Rino 530
500
1,000
1,000
500
10 Proximity
10 Closest
10 Proximity
10 Closest
10 Proximity
10 Closest
2000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10 Saved
20 Saved / 250 Each
20 Saved / 500 Each
20 Saved / 250 Each
20
50
50
50
50 pts each
250 pts each
250 pts each
250 pts each
Warm: 15 s
Cold: 45 s
Locate: 5 m
Warm: 15 s
Cold: 45 s
Locate: 5 m
Warm: 1 s
Cold: 38 s
Locate: 45 s
Warm: 15 s
Cold: 45 s
Locate: 5 m
19MB
56MB
64MB
56MB
FIXED
FIXED
EXPANDABLE
FIXED
22
The GPSMAP Key Layout
POWER Key
IN/OUT Zoom Keys
FIND/MOB Key
ROCKER Key
PAGE/COMPASS Key
MARK Key
MENU Key
QUIT Key
ENTR Key
23
Power Considerations
Two AA batteries, USB cable, 12v
DC adapter
Battery Life: 18 hours
Alkaline batteries lose capacity in
low temps
Lithium batteries in below freezing
temperatures
Extensive use of backlighting,
electronic compass, and audible
tones significantly reduce
battery life
Battery Compartment
Memory Card Location
24
Power On the GPS
Press and hold the Power key
Title screen appears
Satellite status page
Title Screen
Satellite Status
25
Satellite Status Page
Searching / Acquiring
Horizon
2D Fix (3 Satellites)
3D Fix (4+ Satellites)
45º from the
horizon
Heading bug –
travel direction
Satellite signal
strength
26
Main Pages
Cycle through pages using PAGE or QUIT
Satellite
Trip
Map
Compass
Altimeter
Main Menu
(CSx Model)
27
Main Menu
Press MENU button twice for Main Menu
2X
28
Main Menu
Battery Power / Level
Auxiliary Power
Searching / Acquiring
2D Fix (3 Satellites)
3D Fix (4+ Satellites)
Backlight Usage
USB Cable Connection
GPSmap 60CS
GPSmap 60CSx
Electronic Compass On
29
Adjusting Screen Settings
To minimize battery drain,
limit or turn off
backlight:
Press and quickly release the
POWER button
Press up on ROCKER to
increase, down to
decrease
Press ENTER or QUIT to
close Backlight
adjustment window
30
System Setup Pages
31
System Setup Page
Press MENU twice for Main Menu,
select SETUP and press ENTER
Important Setup Pages:
System
Display
Time
Units
Heading
Calibration
32
SETUP: System
GPS
Normal - for everyday use
Demo - for indoor training
WAAS
Enabled
Battery Type
Alkaline
NiMH
Proximity Alarms
On
33
SETUP: Display
Display Mode
Auto – Switch between Day and Night
modes at sunrise and sunset.
Backlight Timeout
On continuous or timed. Setting ignored
if external power is used.
Backlight Level
Backlight setting will increase or
decrease battery life
34
SETUP: Time
Time Format
Set to 24 hour format
Time Zone
Time zone for the area of operations
UTC Offset
Changes with Time Zone
Daylight Savings Time
Set to Auto
35
SETUP: Units
Position Format
USNG – United States National Grid
(DHS Standard)
MGRS – Military Grid Reference
System
hdddºmm.mmm’
Map Datum
WGS 84
NAD27 CONUS – USGS Maps
36
SETUP: Heading
North Reference – Specifies the type
or north reference used to
calculate your heading
Set to ‘True’
37
Tracks
38
Track Log
Creates an electronic
‘breadcrumb’ trail or track
log while you travel
Each point in the track
contains information on
time, location, elevation
and depth
39
Track Log
To Access Track Logs:
MENU button twice for the Main Menu screen
Select TRACKS and press Enter
40
Track Log
On/Off toggle
Percentage of memory used
List of saved Tracks
Remaining available logs
41
Track Log : Clearing
To clear the track log:
Highlight Clear and press Enter
Confirmation message appears – Press Yes
42
Track Log : Set Up
To set up a track log:
Highlight Setup and press Enter to open the Track Log Set Up
Page
Data
Card
Option
43
Track Log : TracBack
To use the TracBack feature:
With Saved Tracks Page for the track or the
Track Log open, highlight TracBack and
press Enter
Once the map is displayed, use the Rocker to
move the pointer to a point on the map and
press Enter
Select Follow Road or Follow Track
Follow the direction arrow
To exit, press Menu then Stop Navigation
44
Waypoints
45
Waypoints
Waypoints are locations you record and
store in your GPS
Waypoints created in 3 ways:
Press the MARK key while at a location
Create a waypoint on the map page
Enter the coordinates for a waypoint
manually
46
Waypoints: Circle of Error
X
47
Waypoints: Available Map Symbols
GPSmap 60C Display
48
Waypoints: Common Abbreviations
• PX- Picture (note
direction of photo)
• HAZ- Hazards
• H-1- Helispot 1
• Hosp- Hospital
• Str- Structure
• Sz- Safety Zone
• POA- Point of Arrival
POD- Point of Departure
BoO- Base of Operations
Fwd BOO- Forward Base of
operations
Stg- Staging
Utl- Utilities
Apt- Apartment
Air- Airport
49
Waypoints: Mark Current Location
To mark your current location:
Press and hold the MARK key until the Mark Waypoint page
appears
To accept the waypoint with the default information highlight
OK and press Enter
Icon
Notes
Waypoint Name
Coordinate
50
Waypoints: Using The Map Page
To mark a location on the map page:
On the map page, use the Rocker to move the arrow to the
location to mark as a waypoint
Press and quickly release the Enter key to capture the location
and open the information page
Highlight OK and press Enter to save
Map Pointer Mode
Original Location
New Location
51
Waypoints: Entering Coordinates
To mark a location with known coordinates:
Press and hold the MARK key until the Mark Waypoint page
appears
Use the ROCKER to highlight the Location field. Edit the
coordinate with your known coordinate.
Highlight OK and press Enter to save
On-screen Keypad
Change Letters
Navigate Left / Right
Edit The Coordinate
52
Waypoints: Entering Coordinates
Enter the following known coordinate:
14S QB 12076 29862
Label waypoint as:
HAZARD
On-screen Keypad
Change Letters
Navigate Left / Right
Edit The Coordinate
53
Waypoints: Proximity Alarm
• Useful for creating ‘no-go’
zones for personnel
– HAZMAT
– Bio-Chem Areas
– Safety Officer Designated Areas
• Proximity waypoints are also
supported with the beep alarm
54
Waypoints: Proximity Alarm
To define an alarm circle around a waypoint:
From the Main Menu select Proximity, press Enter
Highlight an empty line and press Enter
Select a waypoint from the list and Enter
Highlight Use and press Enter
Use the Rocker to adjust the proximity radius
Proximity Radius
Empty Line
Turn Alarm On / Off
55
Waypoints: Proximity Alarm
Create a Proximity Alarm:
Select the HAZARD waypoint and assign it as a proximity alarm
Proximity Radius
Empty Line
Turn Alarm On / Off
56
Waypoints: Averaging Location
To average a new waypoint over time to produce a more
accurate location:
From the Waypoint Page, press Menu
Select Average Location and press Enter
Press Save when accuracy measurement stops
57
Waypoints: Projecting
Create a new waypoint by projecting the distance and
bearing from current location to a new location. To use:
Sight ‘N Go to lock direction and press ENTER
Highlight Project Waypoint and press ENTER
Enter distance, highlight Go To and press ENTER
60
Compass
61
Compass: Compass Navigation
During active navigation, the Compass Page guides you to
your destination with a graphic compass display
The Compass ring
moves to indicate
North orientation
Bearing pointer
Compass Page
62
Compass: Bearing vs. Course
You can choose the Bearing Pointer or Course Pointer for
guidance
Toggle from Bearing/Course in the
Compass Options Menu
The course
pointer
indicates your
course of
travel and the
distance you
drift off course
The bearing
pointer
indicates the
direction to
your
destination
Course Pointer
Bearing Pointer
63
Compass: Bearing vs. Course
The bearing pointer always indicates the direction to your
destination from your current location
64
Compass: Bearing vs. Course
The course pointer indicates your course of travel from your
original location and the distance off course
65
Routes
67
Routes
Route navigation allows you to create a sequence of
intermediate waypoints that lead to your final
destination
The GPSmap 60Cx allows 50 routes with up to 250 points
each
68
Routes: Creating A Route
To create a route:
From the Main Menu, select Routes, press
Enter
Highlight the New button and press Enter
Highlight <Select Next Point> and press
Enter
Select a waypoint, city, exit and select Use
Repeat to complete the route
Highlight Navigate and press Enter
69
Planning a Navigation Route
Start
= Waypoints
70
How A Receiver “Sees” Your Route
Blue circles: the potential circle
of GPS error at each waypoint.
Yellow stars: where
you want to go.
Green stars: where the
GPS receiver may take
you.
71
Trip Page
72
Resetting the Trip Info Page
To reset the Trip Information Page:
Press PAGE or QUIT to display the Trip page
Press MENU button once
Highlight Reset… and press ENTER
73
Find Functions
74
Find
Use the FIND function to search for waypoints, cities,
exits, or saved geocache points
Additional options with loaded BlueChart and MapSource
data.
Waypoint
Options
Cities
Options
75
Find: Saved Waypoints
To find a waypoint:
From the Find Menu, highlight Waypoints and press ENTER
Use the ROCKER to select a waypoint and press ENTER
76
Find: Cities
To find a city:
From the Find Menu, highlight Cities and press ENTER. A list
of cities near your current location are displayed.
Select a city and press ENTER. If the city is not listed, press
MENU for additional search options.
77
Find: Interstate Exit Information
To find an interstate exit:
From the Find Menu, highlight Exits and press ENTER. A list
of exits near your current location are displayed.
Select an exit and press ENTER.
Exit information, services, direction to service
78
Find: Street Address
To find an address:
From the Find Menu, highlight Addresses and press ENTER.
Enter the address information until the address is displayed in
the Matches section.
79
Find: Intersection
To find an intersection:
From the Find Menu, highlight Intersect… and press ENTER.
Enter the street names until the intersections are displayed in the
Matches section.
80
Find: Point Of Interest
To find an intersection:
From the Find Menu, highlight All POI and press ENTER. POI
near your location are displayed.
Narrow the search by pressing MENU or select the POI and
press ENTER
Options
Menu
81
Conclusions
Carry extra batteries
Minimize user error and increase accuracy by keeping
GPS away from body
Always carry a paper map as a backup
Unless otherwise directed, DHS standard:
DATUM: WGS 84
FORMAT: USNG or MGRS
Match the map datum to the GPS datum
82
V. Practical Exercise
83
VI. Module Summary and
Evaluation
84
Enabling Objectives
• Describe the basic segments and principles of the
global positioning satellite (GPS) system
• Explain waypoints
• Identify and describe the errors, concerns and
considerations related to GPS
• Demonstrate the use of the Garmin GPS V
85
Questions?
86