Model answer of pathology exam
Tamreed
Port said
Second year
2013-2014
Q1. Give an account about (3x5=15)
a) Pathogenesis of cystitis
b) the causes of thrombosis
c) Major criteria of rheumatic fever
A )PATHOGENESIS of cystitis: Various causes
A. Urinary stones denude epithelium and expose the basement
membrane, allowing bacteria to attach and predisposing to cystitis.
B. Bladder outlet obstruction, as in BPH.
C. Indwelling catheters
D. Infections : Gram-negatives: E. Coli, Proteus, or Grampositives: Staph, Enterococci.
B) Causes of thrombosis
Causes
1-Endothelial injury
2-Alteration in normal blood flow
3-Hypercoagulability
Endothelial injury
Injury may occur due to hypertension, bacterial endotoxins, and hyperlipidemia.
Alteration in normal blood flow
The cellular element flow centrally in the vessel lumen, separated from endothelium
by a clear zone of plasma.
C ) }Five major criteria of rheumatic fever
1. Erythema (macular skin rash)
2. Chorea (rapid involuntary movement)
3. Carditis – necrosis in the myocardium surrounded by lymphocytes, plasma cells
macrophages (Aschoff bodies).
4. Subcutaneous nodules
5. Migratory arthritis ( one joint is affected after the other)
Q2. Define :- (2.5x2=5)
a) leukemia
b) hypertention
Leukemia
Definition
Malignant disease of white blood cells in the bone marrow, the
blood and tissues are invaded by malignant leukocytes
Hypertension:
Definition
Persistent elevation of the systolytic and diastolytic blood pressure above 140/90 mm
of mercury due to increased peripheral resistance in the arterioles.
Q3. Fill the following blanks. (2.5x4=10)
a) Pneumonia is classified into lobar and bronchopneumonia
b) The causes of chronic viral hepatitis are virus B and virus C
c) Vasoactive amines and Arachedonic acid metabolites and Cytokines Are
chemical mediators of inflammation
d) Cardiogenic, hypovolemic, septic and neurogenic are types of shock
Q4. Connect A and B column.(2x5=10)
Column B
Column A
1. fibroma
a- is dissolution
2-is fluid in the peritoneal cavity
b-. Furuncl
3. Fate of thrombus
c- is swelling
4. Hydroperitonium
d-is benign tumor
5. Cardinal sign of inflammation
answer of Q 4
1 (d)
2 (e)
3 (a)
4 (b)
5 (c)
e-is infected hair follicle
f-is malignant tumor
Q5.What is the difference between dry and moist gangrene.
(10)
Difference between dry and moist Gangren
Dry Gangrene
Moist Gangrene
Gradual arterial occlusion
Exposed parts ( limbs)
Slow putrefaction
Tissue mummification
Slow spread
Marked line of demarcation
Self separation may occur
Mild toxemia
Sudden
internal organs ( intestine)
rapid putrefaction
Tissue edema
rapid spread
poor line of demarcation
Self separation absent
severe toxemia
Best wishes
Prof Dr Tahany shams
Pathology department
FOM-SCU
01228790821