Daily Warm up
1.
What two things must happen for diffusion to
occur?
2. Define these three words: Isotonic solution,
Hypotonic, Hypertonic. (where is there more
water in each scenario)
3. Does Diffusion need energy? Why or why not?
4. What are the four things the cell membrane is
made out of?
True and False
1. Only 25% of the world is left handed?
2. Each square inch of human skin consists
of twenty feet of blood vessels.
2/14/10 after the notes
1.
On the membrane structure worksheet
you received FIRST color the following
structures appropriately:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The part that is Hydrophilic= BLUE
The part that is Hydrophobic= RED
The proteins= ORANGE
Add some cholestrol and color that BROWN
Add Carbohydrates = Yellow
2. Then follow the directions to cut and
create the cell membrane
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2/15/11 Warm up
If a cell has 15% solute outside the cell
and 25% inside which direction does
water move and what type of osmosis is
it?
If a cell has 15% solute outside the cell
and 5% inside the cell which direction
does water move and what type of
osmosis is it?
What is active transport?
What is facilitated diffusion?
T/F An average person releases 17oz of
gas a day between burping and flatulents
(farting)
2.16.11 Warm up
• Finish the Cell transport Worksheet
if you have not done so.
• Make a list of a MINIMUM of 5
questions of things you are
confused about, want more practice
on or just want to review.
2.17.11 (Thurs) Warm up
• Take the first 8 minutes to
study/review for your Test!
• IF IT IS LOUD- I assume you
know it and we start the test!
Daily Warm up
• 1. Define Osmosis?
• 2. What happens to a cell that is
hypotonic? What about hypertonic?
• 3. Does diffusion require energy?
• 4. What two things must happen in order
for diffusion to occur?
• 5. What are the four things the cell
membrane is made up of?
• 6. T/F The average adult has 5 Liters of
blood in their body?
6
AFTER The warm up:
1. Grab your cups and re-measure and weigh both
potatoes.
2. Make one more row on the bottom of your data
sheet and record your info.
3. FINISH ALL the questions and observations in
the lab- INCLUDING the graph. There is graph
paper by the printer.
4. Write a paragraph that must include:
1.
Summary of what you did.
2. What were the conclusions? Did you prove your
hypothesis or was it wrong? Why?
3. Were there any problems in the lab that may have
messed up your data? (Source of error)
4. What could you have done differently to fix the
problems and make the lab more smooth next time.
Movement through Cell
Membranes-
A Flexible membrane and
the Gateway to the Cell
8
Cell Membrane controls
Homeostasis
• It balances the inside and
outside of the cell.
• Homeostasis is maintained by
plasma membrane controlling
what enters & leaves the cell
9
Structure of the Cell
Membrane
10
Membrane Components
Phospholipids
Cholesterol
Proteins
Carbohydrates (glucose)
11
Carbohydrate
chain
Phospholipid
bilayer
Protein
channel
LABEL THE
STRUCTURES
cholesterol
12
Phospholipids
Make up the cell
membrane
Contains 2 fatty
acid chains called
the tails
Contains one
glycerol called
the head.
13
Cell Membrane
Heads are hydrophilic “water loving”
Tails are hydrophobic “water fearing”
Makes membrane “Selective” in what crosses
14
Cell Membrane
The cell membrane is
Hydrophobic molecules
made of 2 layers of
pass easily; hydrophilic
phospholipids called the
DO NOT
lipid bilayer
15
Semipermeable Membrane
Small molecules and larger hydrophobic
molecules move through easily.
e.g. O2, CO2, H2O
16
Semipermeable Membrane
Ions, hydrophilic molecules larger than water,
and large molecules such as proteins do not
move through the membrane on their own.
17
Types of Transport
Across Cell
Membranes
18
Simple Diffusion
• Requires NO
energy
• Molecules move
from area of
HIGH to LOW
concentration
19
Diffusion
• Two things need
to happen in a
cell in order for
diffusion to
occur… what are
they?
1. Cell membrane
must be permeable
to that substance.
2. There must be a
concentration
gradient (needs to
be higher in one
area and move to
lower area)
20
DIFFUSION
Diffusion is a
PASSIVE
process which
means no
energy is used
to make the
molecules move,
they have a
natural ENERGY
21
STOP POINT:
• Diffusion of Food Coloring Demonstration.
1. EVERYONE Take out a piece of paper (# 1-3).
2.Have someone at your table put in 4 drops of the
food coloring I bring around.
3.Answer these questions- without talking:
1. What happened when the food coloring was
added?
2. What did the water look like before the
color was added, while it was being added
and once it was finished?
3. How did the water end up turning red?
22
(tell me what the molecules were doing).
Sugar Cube Diffusion
• Answer the three questions as you
watch the sugar cube in the next cup of
water.
1. What happened when the sugar cube
was added?
2. What did the water look like before
the sugar was added, while it was
being added and once it was finished?
3. Explain to me the process of diffusion
and how this was an example?
23
Diffusion of Liquids
24
Sugar Cube Diffusion
25
Diffusion through a Membrane
Solute moves DOWN concentration gradient (HIGH to
LOW)
Cell membrane
26
• Diffusion ofOsmosis
water across a
membrane
• Moves from HIGH water potential
(low solute) to LOW water potential
(high solute)
27
Diffusion of H2O Across A
Membrane (Osmosis)
1. The left side
concentration is what?
High H2O potential
Low solute concentration
2.The right side
concentration is what?
Low H2O potential
High solute concentration
So which way does water move?
28
3 Types of Osmosis:
1. Isotonic Solutions: the solute and
water concentration is the same
inside the cell as it is outside the cell
2. Hypertonic Solutions: Higher
concentration outside the cell than
inside the cell.
3. Hypotonic Solutions: Higher
concentration inside the cell than
outside the cell.
29
Cell in Isotonic Solution
What is the direction of water movement?
equilibrium
The cell is in _______________.
10% NaCL
90% H2O
ENVIRONMENT
CELL
10% NaCL
90% H2O
NO NET
MOVEMENT
30
Cell in Hypotonic Solution
What is the direction of water movement?
Water moves into the cell
10% NaCL
90% H2O
CELL
H2O
20% NaCL
80% H2O
31
Cell in Hypertonic Solution
What is the direction of water movement?
Water moves out of the cell.
15% NaCL
85% H2O
ENVIRONMENT
CELL
H2O
5% NaCL
95% H2O
32
Cells in Solutions
33
Isotonic Solution
NO NET
MOVEMENT OF
H2O (equal amounts
entering & leaving)
Hypotonic
Solution
Hypertonic
Solution
Water enters Water leaves
cell- can cause cell until it
it to burst
“deflates”
34
What will happen?
35
How does this relate to
Anatomy?
• Discuss at your table this question
and appoint someone to share your
answer:
• What would happen to your blood
cells if the fluid surrounding them
had too much salt?
36
Osmosis in Red Blood Cells
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
37
What Happens to Blood Cells?
38
hypotonic
hypertonic
isotonic
hypertonic
isotonic
hypotonic
39
STOP POINT:
OSMOSIS ACTIVITY LAB
At your lab tables you are working in groups of 2
or 3. Each lab table should be divided into 2
groups.
WAIT FOR MY DIRECTIONS!
Send one person from your group to the
materials table to receive your materials.
WAIT for FURTHER DIRECTIONS.
40
3 Types of Transport:
1. Simple Diffusion (also
includes osmosis)
2. Facilitated Diffusion
3. Active Transport
41
Passive Transport vs. Active
Transport
• Passive means: it DOES NOT require
energy.
• Active means: it DOES require energy.
• Which type(s) are passive?
• Which type(s) are active?
Three Forms of Transport Across the Membrane
43
Passive Transport
Facilitated diffusion
Doesn’t require energy
Uses transport
proteins to move high to
low concentration
Examples: Glucose or
amino acids moving from
blood into a cell.
44
2 Types of Transport Proteins
• In Facilitated Diffusion- the
molecules are too big and need
“help” or to be facilitated
across.
45
Facilitated Diffusion
1. Channel proteins are embedded in the
cell membrane & have a pore for
materials to cross
copyright cmassengale
46
2.Carrier proteins can change shape to move
Facilitated
Diffusion
material from one side of the membrane to
the other
• They bond and
drag molecules
through the lipid
bilayer and release
them on the
opposite side.
47
• Carrier
proteins change
shape to
Carrier
Proteins
move materials across the cell
membrane
48
Active Transport
Requires energy or ATP
Moves materials from
LOW to HIGH
concentration
AGAINST concentration
gradient
49
Active transport
Examples: Any Ions:
Pumping Na+ (sodium
ions) out and K+
(potassium ions) in.
This happens in your
Nervous System!
50
Moving the “Big Stuff”
Large molecules move materials into the cell by
one of TWO forms of ENDOCYTOSIS.
51
Pinocytosis
Takes in dissolved molecules as a vesicle.
Sometimes called “Cell Drinking”
52
• Called cell Pinocytosis
drinking because
once in the cell
materials
dissolve in water
to be used by
the cell
53
Endocytosis – Phagocytosis
Used to engulf large particles such as
food, bacteria, etc. into vesicles
Called “Cell Eating”
54
Phagocytosis
- Capture
of a Yeast
Cell (yellow)
by
Membrane
Extensions
of an
Immune
System Cell
(blue)
55
Moving the “Big Stuff”
Molecules are moved out of the cell by vesicles
that fuse with the plasma membrane.
This is how many hormones are secreted and how
nerve cells communicate with one another.
Exocytosis
56
Exocytosis
Exocytic
vesicle
immediately
after fusion
with plasma
membrane.
57
Exocytosis
The opposite of endocytosis is exocytosis. Large
molecules that are manufactured in the cell are
released through the cell membrane.
Inside Cell
Cell environment
58
REVIEW QUESTIONS
How does osmosis or Diffusion play a
role in the human body?
What is the main difference
between Passive transport and Active
transport?
What is endocytosis and exocytosis?
What happens if a red blood cell is
in a hypertonic solution? Hypotonic?
Isotonic?
59