BIOLOGY KEYSTONE REVIEW
Homework Packet
CRSD
Mrs. Marsden
APRIL 2015
TUESDAY
WEDNESDAY
Biology
THURSDAY
PERIOD
FRIDAY
1, 5/6,
7/8, 9
SAT/SUN
1
2
3
4/5
WEEK
1
MONDAY
SUBJECT
7
8
9
10
11/12
13
14
15
16
17
18/19
WEEK
2
6
Quizlet #1 - Play
Scatter Game, star
8 words, match
under 60s 3x and
move on
I did it!
WEEK
3
h
4
20
“If you never did you
should…
These things are fun…
And fun is good.”
21
22
23
24
HW: Crash Course
#4, #6
WS #1
Check WS#1
Take Quizlet 1 Quiz
HW: Crash Course
#2, 1, #3, Enzyme
Function; WS #2
Check WS #2
Take Quizlet 2 Quiz
HW: Quizlet #3
“Oh the things you can
find, if you don’t stay
behind!”
Wahoo!
You
Rock
notes
WEEK
6
WEEK
5
WEEK
HW: Quizlet #2
25/26
27
28
29
30
1
HW: Get ahead,
study Quizlet or
do WS #3
HW: Crash Course
#7, Crash Course
#8,
WS #3
Check WS #3
Take Quizlet 3 Quiz
HW: WS #4, Crash
Course #5
Check WS #4
Take Quizlet 4 Quiz
“Kid, you can move
mountains!”
HW: Quizlet #4
HW: Quizlet #5
Why fit in when you
were born to stand
out?
/
MAY 2015
MONDAY
TUESDAY
SUBJECT
WEDNESDAY
Biology
THURSDAY
FRIDAY
1
PERIOD
1, 5/6,
7/8, 9
SAT/SUN
2/3
1
Check WS #4
Take Quizlet 4 Quiz
You
Rock!
4
5
6
7
8
HW: Quizlet #5
HW: Crash Course
#12, 13, 10;
WS #5
Check WS #5
Take Quizlet 5 Quiz
HW: Crash Course
#9, 10, 11
WS #6
Check WS #6
Take Quizlet 6 Quiz
!
HW: Quizlet #6
How
Smart!
WEEK
2
WEEK
HW: Quizlet #5
11
“You have feet in your
shoes…
“You can steer yourself
any direction you
choose.”
12
13
14
Last day before
Keystone. You got
this one!
Bio Keystone
Bio Keystone
“You’re off to great
places! Today is your
day! Your mountain
is waiting, so be on
your way!” Dr. Seuss
Nail It!
3
15
16/17
“You are you. Now isn’t
that pleasant.”
18
19
20
21
22
23/24
25
26
27
28
29
30/31
notes
notes
WEEK
5
WEEK
4
WEEK
HW: Quizlet #7
Crash Course 40, 7,
4, 5, 6; WS #7
“You have brains in your
head…
Check WS #7
Check WS #8
HW: Quizlet #8
Take Quizlet 7/8 Quiz
Crash Course 14,
15, 30
WS #8
9/10
Unit 1 – Basic Biological Principles



Describe the characteristics of life shared by all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
Compare cellular structures and their functions in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Describe and interpret relationships between structure and function at various levels of
biological organization
Quizlet Vocab Review – Unit 1
1. cell
2. organelle
3. organism
4. tissue
5. organ system
6. eukaryote
7. prokaryote
8. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
9. nucleus
10. extracellular
11. intracellular
12. endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
13. chloroplast
14. Golgi apparatus
15. mitochondrion
16. ribosome
17. plasma membrane
18. chromosomes
19. plastids
20. biology
21. species
22. unicellular
23. multicellular
24. organ
25. system
26. science
27. endosymbiosis
28. sexual reproduction
29. asexual reproduction
Biology Crash Course
o Eukaryopolis - The City of Animal Cells: Crash Course Biology #4
o Plant Cells: Crash Course Biology #6
Unit 1 – Basic Biological Principles - Worksheet
1. What are the 7 characteristics of life?
a. ___Made up of cells____________________________
b. ___Reproduce____________________________
c. ___Energy use (metabolism)____________________________
d. ___Respond to Enviro____________________________
e. ___Grow & Develop____________________________
f. ___Use DNA____________________________
g. ___Change and evolve (species)____________________________
2. What type of cell does not have a nucleus? _Prokaryotes_(“Pro means no, so no nucleus”)_
3. What type of cell has a nucleus? _____Eukaryote____(Eu = “true”)____________________
4. Label the parts of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells:
5. What type of eukaryotic cell is pictured above? ___Plant Cells________________________
6. What structure makes up the boundary of the cell? _______Cell Wall__________________
7. Provide two examples of prokaryotes: ____ Archaea & Bacteria_(Eubacteria)__________
8. Provide three types of eukaryotic cells: ___ Animal, plant, fungi, protist__________
9. Ribosome make ___proteins_________________.
10. Proteins that are destined to be excreted from the cell go to the __Rough ER ___________
after the ribosomes.
11. The final destination for proteins being excreted from the cell is the _ Golgi Apparatus __.
12. Another name for cytoplasm: __protoplasm_____________________________
13. What is an organelle? __ a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function
14. Where is sugar turned into ATP? ____Mitochondria__(“Mighty Mitochondria”)________
15. Where is light energy converted to chemical energy (sugars)? _Chloroplast
(Photosynthesis)_
Unit 2 – The Chemical Basis for Life






Describe the unique properties of water and how these properties support life on Earth
(freezing point, high specific heat, cohesion)
Explain how carbon is uniquely suited to form biological macromolecules
Describe how biological macromolecules form from monomers
Compare the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
in organisms
Describe the role of an enzyme as a catalyst in regulating a specific biochemical
reaction.
Explain how factors such as pH, temperature, and concentration levels can affect
enzyme function.
Vocabulary
1. protein
2. enzyme
3. concentration
4. pH
5. temperature
6. biological macromolecules
7. catalyst
8. molecule
9. macromolecule
10. carbohydrate
11. lipids
12. nucleic acid
13. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
14. nucleus
15. atom
16. organic molecule
17. monomer
18. polymer
19. adhesion
20. cohesion
21. concentration gradient
22. diffusion
23. freezing point
24. impermeable
25. osmosis
26. specific heat
Biology Crash Course
o
o
o
o
Water - Liquid Awesome: Crash Course Biology #2
That's Why Carbon Is A Tramp: Crash Course Biology #1
Biological Molecules - You Are What You Eat: Crash Course Biology #3
Enzyme Function – University of Surrey
Unit 2 - The Chemical Basis for Life – Worksheet
1. What must be present for a compound to be organic? __Carbon_______________________
2. A polar / nonpolar bond occurs when electrons are unevenly shared (polar opposites, H2O).
3. What are the three important properties of water that support life on Earth?
a. ____Cohesion/Adhesion___________________________________
b. ____Capillary Action___________________________________
c. _____Surface Tension__________________________________
d. _____high specific heat (resists temperature change)
4. Why is carbon able to form large, complex molecules? ___it bonds in 4 places_________
5. Dehydration synthesis _forms__________ a bond by ____losing__________ water.
Hydrolysis ___breaks_________ a bond by __adding___________ water to the bond.
6. Describe the relationship between monomers and polymers. Monomer = 1, polymer = +1
7. Carbohydrates have a _1___:__2__:_1___ ratio of the elements C:H:O. Carbohydrates
provide _energy____(quick/fast)__________ for the cell.
8. What are the two monomers of lipids? ______fatty acid, glycerol______________________
9. Lipids make up the cell _membrane_(phospholipid bilayer)____________________.
10. Amino acids are the monomer of ____proteins (CHOSN)_______________. Amino acids are
made up of the following three parts:
a. ___amino group (-NH3+)____________________________________
b. ___carboxyl group (-COO-)____________________________________
c. ___R-group____________________________________
11. Nucleotides are the monomer of __nucleic acids_(CHOPN)_______________. The three
parts of a nucleotide are:
a. ____phosphate group___________________________________
b. _____sugar__________________________________
c. _____nitrogenous base__(DNA)________________________________
12. What are the two properties of enzymes that allow them to act as biological catalysts?
a. ___substrate complex – lock and key____________________________________
b. ___lowers activation energy____________________________________
13. List some things that affect the function of an enzyme?
1. Concentration levels 2. pH 3. Temp
Macromolecule
Elements
Monomer and
Polymer
Roles
Carbohydrate
CHO, 1:2:1
Monosaccharide/
Main source of
energy
Polysaccharide
Lipids
CHO
Fatty Acid and
glycerol
Long term energy
source; cell
membrane
Nucleic Acids
CHOPN
Nucleotides (A,T,G,C)
DNA
Proteins
CHOSN
Aminio Acids
Structure and
enzymes
Unit 3 Bioenergetics



Describe the fundamental role of plastids (chloroplasts) and mitochondria in energy
transformations.
Compare the basic transformation of energy during photosynthesis and cellular
respiration.
Describe the role of ATP in biochemical reactions.
Vocabulary
1. chloroplast
2. mitochondrion
3. bioenergetics
4. cellular respiration
5. photosynthesis
6. adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
7. energy transformation
8. chlorophyll
9. biochemical conversion
10. photon
11. plastids
Biology Crash Course
o ATP & Respiration: Crash Course Biology #7
o Photosynthesis: Crash Course Biology #8
Unit 3 Bioenergetics – Worksheet
1. What is an autotroph? Provide 2 examples. Makes own food
1. trees 2. Algae 3.fungi
2. What is a heterotroph? Provide 2 examples. Needs to obtain its food from another source
1. Cow 2. Human
3. In cellular respiration, glucose is converted to ATP
4. Where is the energy in an ATP molecule? In the Phosphate bonds, energy is released when
ATP -> ADP, that is when bond of the 3rd Phosphate group is broken
5. The equation for cellular respiration is the opposite of photosynthesis.
6. Describe the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Aerobic – With O2 Anaerobic – Without O2
7. List the two types of anaerobic respiration?
a. Fermentation, Alcoholic (Plants) b. Lactic Acid (Animals)
8. Compare the energy transformations in photosynthesis with those in cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis – takes light energy and converts it into sugars (C6H12O6); chlorophyll is the light
absorbing pigment
Respiration – takes sugars and converts it into ATP energy
9. Describe the importance of chloroplasts and mitochondria in cellular respiration and
photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts – absorb light energy and transfer it into chemical energy
Mitochondria – takes in chemical energy (glucose) into ATP
D
G
E
A
C
F
B
Unit 4 Homeostasis and Transport




Describe how the structure of the plasma membrane allows it to function as a
regulatory structure and/or protective barrier for a cell
Compare the mechanisms that transport materials across the plasma membrane
(passive transport - diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion; and active transport pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis)
Describe how membrane-bound cellular organelles (endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi
apparatus_ facilitate the transport of materials within a cell.
Explain how organisms maintain homeostasis (thermoregulation, water regulation,
oxygen regulation)
Vocabulary
1. impermeable
2. active transport
3. plasma membrane
4. osmosis
5. homeostasis
6. homeostatic mechanism
7. pH
8. temperature
9. passive transport
10. endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
11. Golgi apparatus
12. carrier (transport) proteins
13. endocytosis
14. exocytosis
15. facilitated diffusion
16. pumps (ion or molecule)
Biology Crash Course
o In Da Club - Membranes & Transport: Crash Course Biology #5
Unit 4 Homeostasis and Transport – Worksheet
1. In diffusion, molecules move from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW
concentration.
2. T / F: Molecules no longer move across the cell membrane once equilibrium is reached.
3. In a hypotonic solution, there is a LESS solute / MORE water concentration OUTSIDE the cell.
Water moves INTO the cell (CELL BURSTS).
4. In a hypertonic solution, there is MORE solute / LESS water concentration OUTSIDE the cell.
Water moves OUT the cell (CELL SHRIVELS).
5. In an isotonic solution, there is an EQUAL solute/water concentration outside AND inside the
cell. Water moves IN/OUT the cell.
6. Plant cells are healthiest in what type of solution? Hypotonic isotonic hypertonic
7. Animal cells are healthiest in what type of solution? Hypotonic isotonic hypertonic
8. Facilitated diffusion is requires a TRANSPORT PROTEIN to move large or charged particles
across the cell membrane.
9. What type of molecule is the “facilitator” in facilitated diffusion? PROTEIN
10. The type of transport that goes against the concentration gradient is ACTIVE TRANSPORT
11. What is required for active transport to occur? ATP
12. An example of an active transport protein pump in humans is the Sodium/Potassium Pump
Draw and label a plant and animal cell in each type of solution. Star the healthiest.
Unit 5 – Cell Growth and Reproduction




Describe the events that occur during the cell cycle: interphase, nuclear division (mitosis
and meiosis), cytokinesis.
Compare the processes and outcomes of mitotic and meiotic nuclear divisions.
Describe how the process of DNA replication results in the transmission and/or
conservation of genetic information.
Explain the functional relationships between DNA, genes, alleles, and chromosomes and
their roles in inheritance.
Vocabulary
1. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
2. gene
3. chromosomes
4. allele
5. inheritance
6. cell cycle
7. meiosis
8. mitosis
9. DNA replication
10. semiconservative replication
11. interphase
12. crossing-over
13. cytokinesis
14. gamete
15. sexual reproduction
16. asexual reproduction
Biology Crash Course
o Mitosis: Splitting Up is Complicated - Crash Course Biology #12
o Meiosis: Where the Sex Starts - Crash Course Biology #13
o DNA Structure and Replication: Crash Course Biology #10
Unit 5 – Cell Growth and Reproduction Learning Worksheet
1. List the three reasons a cell divides:
a. GROWTH
b. REPAIR
c. Increase surface area, efficiency
2. The longest phase of the cell cycle is INTERPHASE
3. In G1, the cell GROWTH
4. The DNA is copied during S Phase
5. The last stage of interphase is G2 (Remember: G1 -> S -> G2 -> Mitosis)
6. The goal of mitosis is to get cells that are genetically IDENTICAL. The chromosome number
goes 2N to 2N
a. What does the “N” mean? N is haploid, 2N is diploid, chromosome number
7. Write the stage of mitosis next to what is occurring in that stage.
a. Nucleus reforms, DNA loosens, last stage Telophase
b. Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell Metaphase
c. DNA condenses; nuclear envelope breaks down Prophase
d. Chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell Anaphase
8. What is the difference between plant and animal telophase/cytokinesis? Plant = cell plate
9. What cell part do animal cells have to help them complete cytokinesis?
Microfilaments/Microtubules (cytoskeleton)
10. The goal of meiosis is to get cells that are genetically different. The chromosome number
goes 2N _ 1N
11. The cells at the end of mitosis are diploid / haploid and cells at the end of meiosis are
diploid / haploid.
12. What is crossing over? Synapsis, chromosomes exchange genetic info.
13. When does crossing over occur? Prophase I of meiosis
14. When chromosomes fail to separate, it is known as Nondisjunction.
Down/Kleinfelter syndrome and Patau syndrome are results of this (any monosomy or trisomy
disease).
Unit 6 – Genetics






Describe and/or predict observed patterns of inheritance (dominant, recessive, codominance, incomplete dominance, sex-linked, polygenic, and multiple alleles)
Describe the processes that can alter composition or number of chromosomes (crossingover, nondisjunction, duplication, translocation, deletion, insertion, and inversion)
Describe how the processes of transcription and translation are similar in all organisms.
Describe the role of ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus. and the
nucleus in the production of specific types of proteins.
Describe how genetic mutations alter the DNA sequence and may or may not affect
phenotype (silent, nonsense, frame-shift)
Explain how genetic engineering impacted medicine, forensics, and agriculture (selective
breeding, gene splicing, cloning, genetically modified organisms, gene therapy)
Vocabulary
1. agriculture
2. biotechnology
3. cloning
4. forensics
5. gene
recombination
6. gene splicing
7. gene therapy
8. genetic
engineering
9. genetically
modified organism
(GMO)
10. protein synthesis
11. transcription
12. gene
13. gene expression
14. chromosomal
mutation
15. mutation
16. point mutation
17. frame-shift
mutation
18. nucleus
19. ribosome
20. translation
21. Golgi apparatus
22. endoplasmic
reticulum (ER)
23. genotype
24. phenotype
25. deoxyribonucleic
acid (DNA)
26. chromosomes
27. crossing-over
28. DNA replication
29. nondisjunction
30. translocation
31. allele
32. inheritance
33. nucleic acid
34. co-dominance
35. dominant
inheritance
36. genetics
incomplete
dominance
37. multiple alleles
38. polygenic
39. recessive
inheritance
40. sex-linked trait
Biology Crash Course
o Heredity: Crash Course Biology #9
o DNA Structure and Replication: Crash Course Biology #10
o DNA, Hot Pockets, & The Longest Word Ever: Crash Course Biology #11
Unit 6 – Genetics - Worksheet
2. Describe Mendel’s idea of dominance.
3. Describe Mendel’s law of segregation.
4. Describe Mendel’s law of independent assortment.
5. If a dominant allele does not completely mask the recessive allele, there is a blend of the two
traits, it is called _________________________ dominance.
6. When both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype, such as in human blood type, it is
called
_________________________.
7. Sex-linked traits are found on the ___________ chromosomes. Males / females inherit these
disorders more frequently.
8. What is genetic engineering? Choose an issue and side; develop an argument supporting
your opinion.
1. Label the parts of the nucleotide on the right.
2. DNA has ___ strands and the bases ___denine, ___hymine,
___ytosine, and ___uanine.
3. RNA has ___ strand and the base ___racil instead of
_______________.
4. What is the function of
mRNA?
tRNA?
rRNA?
5. Describe the base pairing rule for DNA and RNA.
6. What is replication?
7. What occurs during transcription? Where does it occur?
8. What occurs during translation? Where does it occur?
9. What is a codon? What does it “code” for? ________________________________________
10. What does AUG code for? ___________________
What do UGA, UAA, and UAG code for? _______________
11. What is the biological definition of a mutation? ___________________________________
12. Describe the types of mutations and whether or not there will be a change in phenotype.
a. Substitution mutation
b. Insertion point mutation
c. Deletion point mutation
d. Duplication chromosomal mutation
e. Deletion chromosomal mutation
f. Inversion chromosomal mutation
g. Translocation chromosomal mutation
Unit 7 – Ecology







Describe the levels of ecological organization (organism, population, community,
ecosystem, biome, and biosphere)
Describe the biotic and abiotic components of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
Describe how energy flows through an ecosystem (food chains, food webs, energy
pyramids)
Describe biotic interaction in an ecosystem (competition, predation, symbiosis)
Describe how matter recycles through an ecosystem (water cycle, carbon cycle, oxygen
cycle, and nitrogen cycle)
Describe how ecosystems change in response to natural and human disturbances
(climate changes, introduction of nonnative species, pollution, fires)
Describe limiting factors in population dynamics and potential species extinction.
Vocabulary
1. limiting factor
2. extinction
3. agriculture
4. nonnative
species
5. succession
6. biogeochemica
l cycles
7. consumer
(ecological)
8. decomposer
9. food chain
10. producer
(ecological)
11. species
12. population
dynamics
13. competition
14. endemic
species
15. symbiotic
relationship
16. predation
17. parasitism
18. mutualism
19. commensalism
20. predator
21. niche
22. prey
23. energy
pyramid
24. food web
25. trophic level
26. biomass
27. herbivore
28. carnivore
29. omnivore
30. abiotic
31. aquatic
32. biome
Biology Crash Course
o
o
o
o
o
Ecology - Rules for Living on Earth: Crash Course Biology #40
Ecosystem Ecology: Links in the Chain - Crash Course Ecology #7
Community Ecology: Feel the Love - Crash Course Ecology #4
Community Ecology II: Predators - Crash Course Ecology #5
Ecological Succession: Change is Good - Crash Course Ecology #6
33. biotic
34. habitat
35. terrestrial
36. system
37. biosphere
38. community
(ecological)
39. ecology
40. ecosystem
41. environment
42. population
Unit 7 – Ecology – Worksheet
1. Beginning with organism, write the levels of ecological organization from smallest to largest.
2. ____________________ make their own food, and ___________________ eat other
organisms for food.
3. As you move up the energy pyramid, the amount of available energy increases / decreases.
4. What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?
5. What is the different between abiotic and biotic factors?
6. What abiotic factors determine plant growth in an area?
7. List some abiotic factors for an aquatic ecosystem.
8. Explain the following organism interactions:
a. Competition
b. Predation
c. Mutualism
d. Commensalism
e. Parasitism
9. _________________ species are naturally found in a specific area, while
___________________ species are accidentally or purposefully introduced to a new area.
10. Describe primary and secondary succession. Provide 2 examples of each.
Unit 8 – Theory of Evolution





Explain how natural selection can impact allele frequencies of a population
describe the factors that can contribute to the development of new species (isolating
mechanisms, genetic drift, founder effect, migration)
Explain how genetic mutations may result in genotypic and phenotypic variations within
a population
Interpret evidence supporting the theory of evolution (fossil, anatomical, physiological,
embryological, biochemical, and universal genetic code)
Distinguish between the scientific terms: hypothesis, inference, law, theory, principle,
fact, and observation
Vocabulary
1. theory (scientific)
2. inference
3. observation
4. hypothesis
5. law (scientific)
6. mechanism (scientific)
7. principle (scientific)
8. fact
9. opinion
10. analogous structure
11. embryology
12. fossils
13. homologous structure
14. selective breeding
Biology Crash Course
15. vestigial structure
16. artificial selection
17. founder effect
18. genetic drift
19. gradualism
20. migration (genetics)
21. population dynamics
22. punctuated equilibrium
23. extinction
24. isolating mechanisms
25. speciation
26. evolution
27. natural selection
o Natural Selection - Crash Course Biology #14
o Speciation: Of Ligers & Men - Crash Course Biology #15
o Evolution: It's a Thing - Crash Course Biology #20
Unit 8 – Theory of Evolution – Worksheet
1. The process by which new species develop from pre-existing species is known as _________.
2. TRUE / FALSE. There are always enough resources to support all organisms in an area.
3. Species that have advantageous traits __________________ and ____________________.
Thus, passing on their traits to the next generation.
4. Species that do not have advantageous traits ______________ and therefore are not able to
pass on their traits to the next generation.
5. Explain why the incorrect side of the
diagram to the right is incorrect.
6. Which type of isolating mechanism
MUST be present for a new species to
develop?
7. A decrease in genetic variation caused by the formation of a new population by a small
number of individuals from a larger population is known as _____________________________.
8. Describe the following pieces of evolution and why they support the theory.
a. Fossils
b. Homologous structures
c. Analogous structures
d. Embryology
e. Biochemistry
9. Species that undergo gradualism change _____________ over a long period of time.
10. Species that undergo punctuated equilibrium change _____________ over short periods of
time.
11. Give an example of each of the following and describe the consequences.
a. Artificial selection
b. Inbreeding
c. Hybridization