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Persuasive Speaking > Types of Persuasive Speeches
Types of Persuasive Speeches
• Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Fact
• Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Value
• Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Policy
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Persuasive Speaking > Types of Persuasive Speeches
Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Fact
• Questions of fact contrast with questions of policy (which state that something
should be) and questions of value (which state that something is good, bad,
beautiful, or worthwhile).
• Three basic types of questions of fact are historical controversy, questions of
current existence, and predictions.
• The speaker presents competing evidence in topical order and uses inductive
reasoning to draw a conclusion from the evidence. The conclusion asserts that
the speaker's view is most likely true.
• The speaker has an ethical responsibility to provide reliable, valid evidence to the
audience, and to be aware of and avoid bias in the selection of the evidence.
Cold, Hard Facts
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Persuasive Speaking > Types of Persuasive Speeches
Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Value
• Persuasive speeches on questions of value imply certain actions, but they are not
a call to action.
• Persuasive speeches of value depend on a judgement that something is right or
wrong, moral or immoral, or better or worse than another thing.
• The speech should include an appeal, criteria for judgement, and facts that
support the appeal using the judgement criteria.
Coke vs. Pepsi
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Persuasive Speaking > Types of Persuasive Speeches
Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Policy
• There are four basic organizational patterns for question of policy: problemsolution, problem-solution with cause, comparative advantage of solutions, and
Monroe's motivated sequence.
• Problem-solution considers the need (or the problem to be solved), the plan (or
the solution to the problem), and the practicality (how well the solution will work).
• Problem-solution with causes considers the nature and extent of the problem and
the direct relationship between the problem and its causes, and uses the causes
as criteria to evaluate potential solutions.
• Comparative advantages of solutions summarizes the problem briefly, compare
different solutions to find the one that solves the most aspects of the problem, and
Official Policy
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ask the audience to accept and implement the most advantageous solution.
• Monroe's motivated sequence is Attention, Need, Satisfaction, Visualization, and
Action.
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Appendix
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Persuasive Speaking
Key terms
• evidence The available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid.
• Monroe's Motivated Sequence A method of persuasion developed by Alan H. Monroe, based on establishing a psychological
need for action in the audience and demonstrating how to satisfy the need by taking action.
• policy A principle of behavior, conduct, etc., thought to be desirable or necessary, especially as formally expressed by a
government or other authoritative body.
• policy A principle of behavior, conduct, etc., thought to be desirable or necessary, especially as formally expressed by a
government or other authoritative body.
• status quo The state of things; the way things are, as opposed to the way they could be.
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Persuasive Speaking
Cold, Hard Facts
Questions of fact focus on convincing the audience that the cold, hard facts are true.
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Wikimedia. "Cold Hard Facts - NARA - 533985.tif." Public domain http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cold_Hard_Facts_-_NARA_-_533985.tif#file View on
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Persuasive Speaking
Coke vs. Pepsi
Persuading the audience that Pepsi is better than Coke is a question of value speech, as it hinges on a value judgement.
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Flickr. "Pepsi Challenge | Flickr - Photo Sharing!." CC BY http://www.flickr.com/photos/haggismac/5090028513/ View on Boundless.com
Persuasive Speaking
Loch Ness Monster
The existence of the Loch Ness Monster is a question of fact.
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Flickr. "Loch Ness Monster | Flickr - Photo Sharing!." CC BY http://www.flickr.com/photos/unukorno/3920685282/ View on Boundless.com
Persuasive Speaking
Official Policy
Policy speeches ask the audience to take action.
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Wikimedia. "Gold seal policy." Public domain http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%253AGold_seal_policy.svg View on Boundless.com
Persuasive Speaking
Which of the following is a type of question of fact?
A) Historical controversy
B) All of these answers.
C) Questions of current existence
D) Predictions for the future
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Persuasive Speaking
Which of the following is a type of question of fact?
A) Historical controversy
B) All of these answers.
C) Questions of current existence
D) Predictions for the future
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Persuasive Speaking
"When developing a persuasive speech, begin with a statement
that something is true, meaning that it happened or did not
happen, exists or does not exist."The previous statement
describes the speech's
A) thesis.
B) reasoning.
C) evidence.
D) organization.
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Persuasive Speaking
"When developing a persuasive speech, begin with a statement
that something is true, meaning that it happened or did not
happen, exists or does not exist."The previous statement
describes the speech's
A) thesis.
B) reasoning.
C) evidence.
D) organization.
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Persuasive Speaking
A persuasive speech of value is a speech which
A) argues that something is right or wrong, moral or immoral, or better or
worse than something else.
B) argues that something is, something exists, or something doesn't
exist.
C) advocates a change from the status quo.
D) All of these answers.
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Persuasive Speaking
A persuasive speech of value is a speech which
A) argues that something is right or wrong, moral or immoral, or better or
worse than something else.
B) argues that something is, something exists, or something doesn't
exist.
C) advocates a change from the status quo.
D) All of these answers.
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Persuasive Speaking
Which of the following is an example of a way to organize a
persuasive speech on a policy issue?
A) Define the need to address a problem, a plan to solve it, and how the
plan will succeed.
B) Name the problem, discuss the causes of the problem, and connect
the solution to the causes.
C) All of these answers.
D) Summarize the problem, compare different solutions, and explain why
one solution is best.
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Persuasive Speaking
Which of the following is an example of a way to organize a
persuasive speech on a policy issue?
A) Define the need to address a problem, a plan to solve it, and how the
plan will succeed.
B) Name the problem, discuss the causes of the problem, and connect
the solution to the causes.
C) All of these answers.
D) Summarize the problem, compare different solutions, and explain why
one solution is best.
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Persuasive Speaking
Which of the following best describes the Satisfaction step of Alan
Monroe's motivated sequence?
A) Show how the topic applies to the psychological needs of the
audience members.
B) Describe what will happen if the solution is or is not implemented.
C) Grab the audience's attention using a shocking or dramatic story,
example, statistic, or quotation.
D) Solve the issue and provide solutions that the government or
community can implement.
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Persuasive Speaking
Which of the following best describes the Satisfaction step of Alan
Monroe's motivated sequence?
A) Show how the topic applies to the psychological needs of the
audience members.
B) Describe what will happen if the solution is or is not implemented.
C) Grab the audience's attention using a shocking or dramatic story,
example, statistic, or quotation.
D) Solve the issue and provide solutions that the government or
community can implement.
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Persuasive Speaking
The primary function of the speech Ian’s Entertaining Speech –
You Should Date a CS Student was to entertain; however, it was
also persuasive. Which type of policy claim did it make?
A) Passive agreement
B) Delayed agreement
C) Delayed action
D) Immediate action
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Persuasive Speaking
The primary function of the speech Ian’s Entertaining Speech –
You Should Date a CS Student was to entertain; however, it was
also persuasive. Which type of policy claim did it make?
A) Passive agreement
B) Delayed agreement
C) Delayed action
D) Immediate action
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Saylor OER. "Communication « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0 http://www.saylor.org/majors/Communication/
Persuasive Speaking
Attribution
• Wiktionary. "policy." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/policy
• Wikispaces. "JTEnglish - Persuasive Speaking." CC BY-SA http://jtenglish.wikispaces.com/Persuasive+Speaking
• Wikipedia. "Monroe's motivated sequence." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monroe's_motivated_sequence
• Wikipedia. "Motivated sequence." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivated_sequence
• Wikispaces. "JTEnglish - Persuasive Speaking." CC BY-SA http://jtenglish.wikispaces.com/Persuasive+Speaking
• Wiktionary. "status quo." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/status+quo
• Wiktionary. "policy." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/policy
• Wikipedia. "Monroe's Motivated Sequence." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monroe's%20Motivated%20Sequence
• Wikipedia. "Inductive reasoning." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_reasoning
• Wikipedia. "Inductive reasoning." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_reasoning
• Wikispaces. "JTEnglish - Persuasive Speaking." CC BY-SA http://jtenglish.wikispaces.com/Persuasive+Speaking
• Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/evidence
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