Chap. 3 Tissue Vocabulary
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Histology
Tissue
Epithelial Tissue
Apical surface
Basal surface
Basement membrane
Goblet Cell
Gland
Secretion
Hormone
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Connective Tissue
Extracellular matrix
Ground substance
Muscle Tissue
Striations
Intercalated Disks
Nervous Tissue
Neuron
• Tissue: groups of cells that are similar in
structure and perform a common or
related function
• Four primary tissue types: epithelial,
connective, muscle, nervous
• Histology: the study of tissues
Tissues Foldable
– FOUR TYPES OF TISSUES: Epithelial, Connective,
Muscle, Nerve
– SUMMARIZE THE FUNCTIONS/ROLE OF EACH
– INCLUDE ANY SUBTYPES & LOCATIONS IN THE
BODY
– ORIGINAL PICTURES, WORDS, DIAGRAMS
– COLORFUL
– DESIGNED TO INSTRUCT ANATOMY STUDENTS
– 8.5 x 11 inch white, unlined paper; front & back if
needed; one page for each tissue type.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• Use 2 separate sides of paper to include all of
these
• embryonic tissue: mesenchyme
• connective tissue proper
– loose
• areolar, adipose, reticular – show examples
– dense (fibrous)
• regular, irregular – give an example of each of these
• cartilage
– hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage— show examples
• bone
• blood
• NERVOUS TISSUE
• MUSCLE TISSUE
Use the book to find pictures and locations
of these
FUNCTIONS OF EPITHELIUM
PROTECTION
ABSORPTION
FILTRATION
EXCRETION
SECRETION
SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS
• Cells fit closely together to form continuous
sheets.
• Neighboring cells are bound by desmosomes
and tight junctions.
• Always have one free surface, “Apical Surface”
• Exposed surface is either slick and smooth or
ciliated.
• Lower surface of epithelium rests on top of a
Basement Membrane.
• Avascular = No blood supply
• Regenerate easily if well nourished
Epithelial Tissue:
Simple—composed of one cell layer
•squamous
•cuboidal
•columnar
•psuedostratified columnar
Stratified—two or more cell layers
•squamous
•columnar
•transitional
GLANDULAR EPITHELIA
• Gland—one or more cells that make and
secrete (export) a product
• Secretion—an aqueous fluid that usually
contains proteins; some are lipids or
steroid-rich
Endocrine glands—internal secretion
• ductless, secrete hormones: first into
extracellular space then enter blood or lymphatic
fluid
• structurally diverse
• examples: pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, gonads
Exocrine glands—external and internal secretion
• more numerous, bound to ducts and secretions
empty into ducts.
• examples: sweat, mucous (goblet cells), liver,
pancreas, oil, salivary
simple columnar
psuedostratified columnar
simple cuboidal
simple squamous
simple squamous
simple cuboidal
simple columnar
stratified squamous
stratified cuboidal
psuedostratified columnar
transitional epithelium
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• Most abundant & widely distributed tissue
CONNECTIVE TISSUE FUNCTIONS
• BINDING & SUPPORT
• PROTECTION
• INSULATION
• TRANSPORTATION
Common Characteristics of
Connective Tissue
• Arise from the mesenchyme (an
embryonic tissue)
• Variations in blood supply: cartilage is
avascular (no blood), Tendons and
Ligaments (poor amounts of blood)—other
types have rich supply of blood
• Extracellular matrix: most connective
tissue is nonliving and made up of different
types of cells
structural elements of connective tissue
• ground substance: unstructured materials
between cells; holds large amounts of fluid
– interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, proteoglycans
– provides a medium for diffusion of nutrients between
capillaries & connective tissue cells
• fibers
– collagen, elastic, reticular fibers
• cells (-blast: forming cells –cyte: mature cells)
– fibroblast, chondroblast, osteoblast, hematopoietic
stem cell
– other cell types (macrophage, mast)
Connective Tissue Types
• Embryonic Tissue: mesenchyme
• Loose Connective Tissue
– areolar, adipose, reticular
• Dense (fibrous) Connective Tissue
– regular, irregular
• Cartilage
– hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
• Bone
• Blood
• Locations
– under epithelia
– lamina propria of
mucous membranes
– around organs
– surround capillaries
• Functions
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cushions organs
inflammation
macrophage site
hold, convey tissue
fluid
• Functions
– muscles to bone
– bone to bone
– withstands tensile
stress
• Locations
– tendons
– most ligaments
– aponeuroses
• Functions
– supports, reinforces
– resists compression
– resilient cushioning
• Locations
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end of long bones
ribs
nose
trachea, larynx
Nervous Tissue
• neurons
• supporting cells
Muscle Tissue
• skeletal
• smooth
• cardiac
Muscle Tissue
Skeletal Muscle:
• Has obvious Striations
Muscle Tissue
Cardiac Muscle
• Has Intercalated Discs
Muscle Tissue
Smooth Muscle
• Cells are pointy on each end
Nerve Tissue