WWII
Part One: The Rise of Radicalism and
American Response
Learning Targets
• I can explain the reasons for and the process
of the rise of radicalism in the 1930s.
• I can analyze American foreign policy in the
1920s and 30s.
• I can analyze the causes, conduct, and
consequences of WWII.
Peace Policy in the 20s
• Washington
Disarmament
Conference (1921-2)
– Five-Power Treaty
– Four-Power Treaty
– Nine-Power Treaty
• Kellogg-Briand Pact (28)
US Foreign Policy in the 20s
• Isolationism
– Rejection of the League
– Immigration Acts (21, 24)
• Latin America
– Clark Memorandum (28)
– “Good Neighbor” Policy(33)
• Problems with debt
– The British & French view
– The Dawes Plan
– Hoover Moratorium (31)
• GD, Globally
– Sec. of State Cordell Hull
arranges tariff reduction
Agreements
– FDR recognizes USSR
Rise of Radicalism: Japanese Expansion
• Background
– Modernization
– Growing Power
– Reasons for aggression
• Manchuria
– “Mukden Incident” (31)
– Manchukuo
– Hoover-Stimson
Doctrine (32)
• Shanghai (33)
Failure of Peace in Asia & the
American Response
• Japan invades southern
China (37)
– Rape of Nanking
– USS Panay
• American Response
– “Quarantine Speech”
– Ludlow Amendment
Rise of Radicalism: Benito Mussolini
•
•
•
•
Fascist Party
spazio vitale
Blackshirts
March on Rome (22)
Rise of Radicalism: Adolf Hitler
• Rise to power
• Withdraw from League
(33)
• Withdraw from
Versailles Treaty
The Failure of Peace in Europe
• Italy invades Ethiopia
(35)
• Spanish Civil War (3536)
The Failure of Peace in Europe
• Rome-Berlin Axis
formed (36)
• Germany Reoccupies
Rhineland (36)
• Anschluss (3/38)
The Failure of Peace in Europe
• Sudetenland
(Czechoslovakia)
• Munich Conference
(9/38)
– “Peace in our time.”
• I’ll take the rest, thank
you. And maybe some
of Poland.(3/39)
The Failure of Peace in Europe
• Nazi-Soviet NonAggression Pact (8/39)
• Germany invades
Poland (9/39)
• Great Britain & France
declare war
• Phony War
The American Response
• Nye Committee findings
• Neutrality Act
– 1935: Arms & munitions
– 1936: Loans
– 1937: No Americans on
belligerent ships; “cash
& carry”
Moving Toward War
• Neutrality Act 1939
– ‘Cash & carry’ weapons
to B & F
– American ships banned
from war zones
• Phony War ends (4/40)
Fall of France & The American
Response
• National Defense
Research Committee
• Destroyers for Bases
• Selective Service and
Training Act
• America First
Committee
The American Response
• 1940 Election
– Wendell Willkie
• “The Arsenal of
Democracy”
– Lend Lease Act (3/41)
– Convoy system (4/41)
• Operation Barbarossa
(6/41)
• Atlantic Charter (8/41)
Meanwhile, in the Pacific
• Greater East Asia CoProsperity Sphere
• Growing Aggression
• Export Control Act
(7/40)
• Tripartite Pact (9/40)
WAR
• Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7,
1941)
• Invasion of the
Philippines, Guam,
Midway, Hong Kong
• Declaration of war (Dec.
8, 1941)
• Hitler blunders (Dec. 11,
1941)