Gabriel Quirós
Head of Division
Macroeconomic Statistics
European Central Bank
The financial sector
-subsectors, units and
main data issues
Workshop on the Implementation of the 2008
SNA in EECCA countries and linkages with
BPM6 and GFSM 2014
Istanbul, 6-8 May 2015
Outline
New International Statistical Standards
• Main methodological changes
• New financial instruments
• New sector classification
(Time allowing:
– legal residency vs. physical presence (“brass plates”…)
– Securities lending, Repos and Short selling )
The new data requirements
• Annual and quarterly requirements: ESA TP and MUFA GL
• The G-20 Financial Accounts template
• First publication and impact
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Revision of the international statistical standards
List of 44 issues for discussion
•
Institutional units, groupings and residence of
units
•
Financial instruments
•
Accounting rules, valuation, accrued interest
2008 SNA
BPM6
ESA 2010 (legal text, methodology and transmission programme)
2013
Adoption by
European Parliament
and Council
2013
Amendment of ECB
legal basis
2012 to 2014
Implementation by
EU Member States
2014
First data
transmission
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New breakdown of the financial corporations sector
Institutional sectors and subsectors
ESA 95
ESA 2010 (2008 SNA)
Monetary financial institutions (MFI)
Central bank (S.121)
Other monetary financial institutions (S.122)
MFI
Central bank (S.121)
Deposit-taking corporations except the central bank (S.122)
Money market funds (MMF) (S.123)
Other financial intermediaries,
except insurance corporations and pension funds (S.123)
- Non-MMF investment funds (S.124)
- Other financial intermediaries except ICPF (S.125)
o/w Financial vehicle corporations
engaged in securitisation transactions (FVC)
Captive financial institutions and money lenders (S.127)
o/w Holding companies, SPE
Financial auxiliaries (S.124)
Financial auxiliaries (S.126)
o/w Head offices (all or most of the controlled subsidiaries
are financial corporations)
Insurance corporations and pensions funds (S.125)
Insurance corporations (S.128)
Pension funds (S.129)
Non-financial corporations (S.11)
Non-financial corporations (S.11)
o/w Head offices (all or most of the controlled subsidiaries
are non-financial corporations)
General government and subsectors (S.13, S1311 to S.1314)
Households (S.14)
Non-profit institutions serving households (S.15)
No change
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New sub-sectors Non-MMF investment funds S.124
Non-MMF investment funds (S.124)
ESA 2010 ”2.82 Definition: The sub-sector non-MMF
investment funds (S.124) consists of all collective investment
schemes, except those classified in the MMF sub-sector …”
– Includes: Open and closed-end IFs, Real estate investment
funds, Funds of Funds, Hedge Funds
But not Pension funds => S.129
and not Venture and development capital companies =>
S.125
In compliance with
Regulation (EC) No 958/2007 of the ECB of 27 July 2007
concerning statistics on the assets and liabilities of
investment funds (ECB/2007/8)
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New sub-sectors Other financial intermediaries except… S.125
Other financial intermediaries except ICPFs… S.125
Defined as residual / by exclusion (see ESA 2010 point 2.87): not deposit
taking, no investment funds shares liabilities, no insurance technical
reserves
Includes:
• Financial vehicle corporations (FVCs)
– Institutional units (financial intermediaries) carrying out securitisation
transactions
– They incur securities whose credit risk is transferred to the investors in
these securities
– They also acquire assets underlying the issue of securities
– In compliance with
• Regulation (EC) No 24/2009 of the ECB of 19 December 2008
concerning statistics on the assets and liabilities of financial vehicle
corporations engaged in securitisation transactions (ECB/2008/30)
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New sub-sectors Other financial intermediaries except… S.125
… includes:
• Security and derivative dealers
“trading on own account” ( Financial Auxiliaries S.126)
• Financial corporations engaged in lending, e.g.
intermediaries engaged in:
a) Financial leasing;
b) Hire purchase and the provision of personal or commercial
finance; or
c) Factoring
• Specialised financial corporations, e.g.: Venture and
development capital companies, Export/import financing companies,
Central Counterparty Clearing houses (CCPS, e.g. for repos with
MFIs)
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Financial auxiliaries S.126
Financial auxiliaries (S.126)
“2.63 Auxiliary financial activities comprise auxiliary activities for
realising transactions in financial assets and liabilities or the
transformation or repackaging of funds. Financial auxiliaries do
not put themselves at risk by acquiring financial assets or
incurring liabilities.”
E.g. brokers, arrangers, guarantors, managers of funds,
and also
Central supervisory authorities and stock exchanges
=> do not have large financial assets/liabilities by definition
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New breakdown of the financial corporations sector: S127 1/2
• Captive financial institutions and money lenders (S.127)
– Most of either their assets or their liabilities are not transacted on
open markets (ESA 2010, 2.98)
– Captive financial institutions cover holding companies, special
purpose entities (SPEs)
Captive financial institutions (as well as artificial subsidiaries and
special purpose units of general government) with no
independence of action are allocated to the sector of their
controlling body
• The exception occurs when they are non-resident, in this case
they are recognised separately from their controlling body
Exception of exception:
– In the case of general government, the activities of the
subsidiary shall be reflected in the government accounts
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New breakdown of the financial corporations sector: S127
2/2
• Captive financial institutions and money lenders (S.127)
– Most of either their assets or their liabilities are not transacted on open markets
(ESA 2010, 2.98)
Captive financial institutions (as well as artificial subsidiaries …) with no
independence of action are allocated to the sector of their controlling body
<=>Artificial subsidiaries
“2.24 A subsidiary, wholly owned by a parent corporation, may be created to
provide
services to the parent corporation, or other corporations in the same group, in
order to avoid taxes, to minimise liabilities in the event of bankruptcy, or to
secure other technical advantages under the tax or corporation legislation in
force in a particular country.
2.25 …. Their level of output and the price they receive for it are determined by
the parent that (possibly with other corporations in the same group) is their
sole client. They are thus not treated as separate institutional units but are
treated as an integral part of the parent and their accounts are consolidated
with those of the parent, unless they are resident in an economy different
from that where the parent is resident.
10
New breakdown ICs S.127 and PFs S.128
Insurance corporations and pension funds, separate sub-sectors
• ICs (S.127): ESA 2010 “2.100 … pooling of risk”,
includes
life and non-life, to individual and groups
=> may offer pension products (F.63) (see also 2.108);
includes reinsurance
• PFs (S.128): “2.105 Definition: The subsector pension funds (S.129)
consists of all financial corporations and quasi-corporations which are
principally engaged in financial intermediation as the consequence of
the pooling of social risks and needs of the insured persons (social
insurance). Pension funds as social insurance schemes provide
income in retirement, and often benefits for death and disability.“
=> Pooling of risk (e.g. longevity) as distinction to Investment funds
(S.124) targeting long-term “retirement savings”
11
Changed recording of holding corporations
Task Force on Head Offices, Holding Companies and Special Purpose Entities
Split of holding corporation into head offices (HO) and holding companies
(HC)
• Both hold controlling level of equity in subsidiaries
TF: “having at least 50% of its assets consisting of equity vis-à-vis its
subsidiaries is a practical indicator for identification of such entities.”
HOs “exercise managerial control over its subsidiaries”. HO are allocated to
the dominant NFC sector of their subsidiaries, unless all or most of their
subsidiaries are financial corporations, in which case they are treated as
financial auxiliaries (S.126) in the financial corporations sector;
TF: “HO are always to be considered as separate institutional units.“
TF: “Employment thresholds for the delineation between HOs and HCs
should take into account national circumstances (e.g. legal requirements for
the number of employees of HCs). In general, employment of three or
more persons is a first indicator for a unit being a head office.
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Changed recording of holding corporations
Task Force on Head Offices, Holding Companies and Special Purpose Entities
Holding companies do not provide any other service to the businesses in which the
equity is held, i.e. they do not administer or manage other units.
Are they necessarily institutional units?
TF: The standard criteria for an institutional unit should always be applied !
TF: Entities owned by non-residents are always to be considered as institutional units.
TF: Having multiple parents/shareholders is a sufficient qualification for a unit being an
institutional unit.
 only Holding companies wholly owned by one resident mother company may not be
institutional units but considered as artificial subsidiary (to be consolidated with
mother company)
All other holding companies must be recorded as institutional units.
•
ECB follow-up: Integration of information from business registers and balance sheet
data available in NSIs and NCBs including central balance sheet offices to develop
lists of Holding Companies (and Head offices). => available 2015
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New statistical requirement - Summary
• Limited increase in instrument and sector breakdown
• Harmonised:
- EU: between annual and quarterly requirements
(minor exceptions, e.g. F.66 separate in ESA 2010 TP)
- Globally: G-20 Data gap initiative
(minor exceptions: F.66 Standardised guarantees, F.72
Employee stock options separate in G-20 Template)
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