Photosynthesis
The process of converting sunlight energy into
food energy.
ENERGY MOLECULES
• Energy molecules are how the energy from the
sunlight is going to get converted into the energy
stored in a carbohydrate molecule.
• ATP, NADPH, ADP & NADP+ are the primary
energy molecules of photosynthesis.
• Energy molecules are cycled (recycled)
in the chloroplast.
ATP and ADP
High energy bond
Adenosine
triphosphate
&
Adenosine
diphosphate
ATP & ADP are cycled in the cells
ATP
Adds –P bond
(stores energy)
Breaks –P bond
(releases energy)
ADP
NADPH & NADP+
are cycled the same way!
NADPH
Add –H &
Break the –H bond
Accept 2 electrons & release electrons
(store energy)
(release energy)
NADP+
The Cloroplast
~relative of the first photosynthetic bacteria
on our planet. Product of Endosymbiosis.
Pigments
Definition: A light absorbing molecule (visible
spectrum)
- chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, carotonoids
Photosynthesis Reactions
Light Dependent Reactions
aka: Light Reaction
• Thylakoids
• Photosystems
– (chlorophyll)
• Electron Transport
Chain
• ATP synthase
• Produces ATP,
NADPH & Oxygen
gas
• Cyclic vs. Non-cyclic
Light-Independent Reaction
aka: Calvin Cycle, Dark Reaction,
Calvin-Benson cycle
• Stroma
• RuBP – carbon
fixation
• Uses ATP & NADPH
• Creates
carbohydrates, like
glucose
• 6 CO2 needed to make
C6H12O6
• 6 “turns” of the
Calvin cycle to create
C6H12O6
BIG PICTURE
The sunlight energy excites electrons that
are captured in ATP bonds and in the
electrons in NADPH. That energy is
transferred to the Calvin cycle and is
transferred to the chemical bonds in the
carbohydrates.
Reactants
Reactants:
CO2 is used in ___________________
H2O is used in the _______________
Products:
O2 is made in the _________________
Carbohydrates (C6H12O6)
are made in the ____________________
Products
Quiz time
#1
• In molecules, the stored energy is
found in:
– A.
– B.
– C.
– D.
The bonds
The atom
The middle of the molecule
None of the above
Quiz time
#2
• The molecule on this page is a
picture of
– A.
– B.
– C.
– D.
ATP
ADP
NADPH
Glucose
Quiz time
#3
• ATP & NADPH are reactants in the
photosynthesis equation.
– A. True
– B. False
Quiz time
#4
• ATP and NADPH are recycled
between the Light-dependent
reaction and the Light –
independent reaction.
– A. True
– B. False
Quiz time
#5
• For the process of photosynthesis, ATP is
made by
– A.
– B.
– C.
– D.
– E.
– F.
The cyclic pathway
The non-cyclic pathway
The Calvin Cycle
Both A & B
By A, B & C
None of the above
Quiz time
#6
• The Light –dependent reaction
happens in the :
– A.
– B.
– C.
– D.
stroma
thylakoid membranes
inner membrane space
None of the above
Quiz time
#7
• The Light –independent reaction
happens in the :
– A.
– B.
– C.
– D.
stroma
thylakoid membranes
inner membrane space
None of the above
Quiz time
#8
• The LDR makes all of the following
EXCEPT:
– A.
– B.
– C.
– D.
ATP
NADPH
O2 gas
Carbohydrates
Quiz time
#9
• The LIR makes all of the following
EXCEPT:
– A.
– B.
– C.
– D.
ADP
NADP+
CO2 gas
Carbohydrates
Quiz time
#10
• Carbon in the CO2 molecule will
eventually become
– A.
– B.
– C.
– D.
The carbohydrate
The carbon in the atmosphere
The water
None of the above
Quiz time
#11
• Oxygen in the H2O molecule will
eventually become
– A.
– B.
– C.
– D.
The carbohydrate
The oxygen in the atmosphere
The carbon dioxide
None of the above
Quiz time
#12
• The hydrogen in C6H12O6 came
from:
– A. the water
– B. the NADPH
– C. the air
– D. both A & B
– E. none of the above
Quiz time
#13
• If a carbohydrate has a chemical formula of
C9H18O9, how many “turns” of the Calvin cycle
are needed to create it?
–
–
–
–
–
A. 1
B. 3
C. 6
D. 9
E. this carbohydrate cannot be made in the Calvin
Cycle.
Quiz time
#14
• If you are seeing a color, the
pigments in the object are ________
that wavelength:
– A. reflecting
– B. absorbing
Quiz time
#15
• When bonds are broken in a molecule,
energy is ____________, but when the
bonds are created, energy is ____________.
– A.
– B.
– C.
– D.
release, stored
stored, release
created, destroyed
destroyed, created