Chapter 4: Computer, 1: File Internet, Virus Web, and E-Mail Basics Chapter 1: Management, Computer, Internet, Protection, Web, and E-Mail and Backup Basics 1 Chapter 1 Preview After this chapter, you should be able to: – Define the term computer and identify the components of a personal computer system – Compare the computing capabilities of the computer categories – Describe operating systems – Evaluate the various ways you can connect a computer to the Internet and select an ISP Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics 2 Chapter 1 Preview After this chapter, you should be able to: – Describe how Web servers, browsers, URLs, HTML, and HTTP contribute to the Internet resource known as the Web – Describe Internet communications and basic features – Demonstrate that you can use a search engine to locate information on the Web – Explain how an e-mail system works Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics 3 Chapter 1 Outline • Section A – Computer Basics • Section B – Internet Basics • Section C – Web Basics • Section D – E-Mail Basics Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics 4 Chapter 1 Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Section A: Computer Basics Computer Concepts 8th Edition Parsons/Oja What is a computer? • A computer system includes a computer, peripheral devices, and software • Accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output – Input refers to whatever is sent to a computer system Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 4 6 Computer Basics What is a computer? • Data refers to the symbols that represent facts, objects, and ideas • Processing is the way that a computer manipulates data • A computer processes data in a device called the central processing unit (CPU) Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 4 7 What is a computer? • A computer stores data so that it will be available for processing • Memory is an area of a computer that holds data that is waiting to be processed, stored, or output • Storage is the area where data can be left on a permanent basis Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 5 8 Computer Basics What is a computer? • Computer output is the result produced by the computer • An output device displays, prints or transmits the results of processing Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 5 9 What is a computer? Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 5 10 Computer Categories • Before: – Categorized into three main categories: • microcomputers • minicomputers • mainframe computers • Today: – Categorized based on its technology, function, size, performance, and cost Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 6 11 Computer Categories • Today’s Computer Categories – Personal computers – Handheld computers – Workstations – Videogame Consoles – Mainframes – Supercomputers – Servers Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 6 12 What is a Personal Computer? • Microcomputer designed to meet the computing needs of an individual – Desktop computers – Notebook computers – Cost starts at $500, but most spend $1000 to $1200 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 6 13 What is a tablet computer? • Portable computing device featuring a touch-sensitive screen • Prices range from $1,200 to over $2,000 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 7 14 What is a handheld? • Designed to be used while you are holding it • Also called a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) – Send and receive e-mail – Use maps and global positioning – Maintain expense account, contacts, to-do lists, memos, etc. – Make voice calls using cellular service Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 7 15 What is a handheld? Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 7 16 What types of computers can be classified as workstations? • The term “workstation” has two meanings – Powerful desktop models – Ordinary personal computers – A computer network is two or more computers or other devices that are connected Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 8 17 Is a PlayStation a computer? • Yes, but typically it has not been considered a computer category • Today’s videogame systems contain microprocessors Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 8 18 What’s so special about a mainframe computer? • Large and expensive computer • Capable of passing data simultaneously for hundreds of thousands of users • Used by governments and large corporations Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 8 19 How powerful is a supercomputer? • One of the fastest computers in the world – Breaking codes – Modeling weather systems – Simulating nuclear explosions Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 8 20 What makes a computer a server? • A server serves the computers on a network by supplying them with data • A client requests data from a server • Any computer can be a server or a client Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 9 21 Personal Computer Systems Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 9 22 What’s a personal computer system? • A personal computer system consists of the following: – System unit – Display device – Keyboard – Mouse – Hard disk drive – CD and DVD drives Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 10 23 What’s a personal computer system? – Floppy disk drive – Sound card and speakers – Modem and network cards – Printer Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 10 24 What is a personal computer system? Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 10 25 What is a peripheral device? • Equipment that might be added to a computer system to enhance its functionality – Printer – Digital camera – Scanner – Joystick – Graphics tablet Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 11 26 Data, Information, and Files • Data - symbols that represent people, events, things and ideas • Information - data that is presented in a format people can understand and use • Computers store data in digital format as a series of 1s and 0s. – Each 1 or 0 is called a bit – Eight bits is called a byte Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 11 27 What is a file? • A named collection of data that exists on a storage medium • A data file contains data such as the text for a document • An executable file contains the programs or instructions that tell a computer how to perform a specific task • A filename extension indicates a file’s contents – EXE – GIF Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 11 28 What is application software? • A set of computer programs that helps a person carry out a task – Create, edit, and print documents – Manage money accounts – Create and edit home movies Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 12 29 What are the most popular operating systems? • Microsoft Windows – Windows XP – Windows Mobile • • • • Palm OS Mac OS Linux Unix Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 12 30 How does an operating system affect compatibility? • Two of the factors that influence compatibility and define a computer’s platform are the microprocessor and the operating system – PCs are based on the design of the IBM PC – Macs are based on a proprietary design for a personal computer called the Macintosh Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 13 31 Chapter 1 Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Section B: Internet Basics Computer Concepts 8th Edition Parsons/Oja How does the Internet work? • The Internet is a collection of networks that are linked together to exchange data and distribute processing tasks • The main routes are referred to as the Internet backbone • Communication between all of the different devices on the Internet is made possible by TCP/IP Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 15 33 What kind of resources are available on the Internet? • Web Sites – various locations in cyberspace that correspond to a corporation, a store, a magazine, and more • Search engines – help catalog a huge portion of the data stored on Web sites • Downloads and uploads • P2P – peer-to-peer – Popular music and file exchange Web sites Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 16 34 What kind of resources are available on the Internet? • E-mail – electronic messages – Mailing list server • Bulletin boards – discussion groups – Usenet – Newsgroups • Blogs – refers to a personal journal posted on the Web Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 17 35 What kind of resources are available on the Internet? • Chat groups and instant messaging – interaction between users in real time • Internet telephony – telephone-style conversations to travel over the Internet • E-commerce – online activities such as banking and shopping Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 17 36 What kind of resources are available on the Internet? • Broadcasting – multicasting technology • Remote access and control –link two computers together and allow one to control the other – Telnet – SSH Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 17 37 What are my options for Internet connections? • • • • • Existing telephone line Cable television line Personal satellite link Wireless or cell phone service High-speed telephone services – ISDN, DSL Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 18 38 What are my options for Internet connections? Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 18 39 What’s the easiest, cheapest way to access the Internet? • Dial-up connection – relatively simple and inexpensive • Voiceband modem – converts digital signals into wave format to go over telephone lines and then at destination waves are converted back into digital • Dial-up top speed is 56 Kbps Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 18 40 Does a cable modem provide a faster Internet connection? • Requires 2 pieces of equipment – Network card – connects a personal computer to a local area network – Cable modem –changes computer’s signals into a form that can travel over cable TV links Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 19 41 Does a cable modem provide a faster Internet connection? • Referred to as an always-on connection • Top speed is around 1.5 Mbps (25 times faster than dial-up) • Suitable for most Internet activities, including real-time video and teleconferencing Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 19 42 What about access provided by a school or business network? • Typically schools and business connect to a local area network that is connected to the Internet • These connections are frequently always-on connections Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 20 43 What other high-speed Internet access options are available? • ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) – 64Kbps or 128 Kbps • DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) – anywhere from twice as fast to approx. 125 times faster than 56 Kbps – Comes from phone company, requires proximity to a switching station • DSS (Digital Satellite Service) – 500 Kbps Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 20 44 Internet Service Providers What’s an ISP? • A company that provides Internet access to businesses, organizations, and individuals – An ISP that offers dial-up connections, for example, maintains a bank of modems – AOL, Earthlink Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 20 45 How do I choose an ISP? • • • • • • • Geographical coverage Type of service Quality of service Cost of monthly service Cost of equipment and installation Extra services Customer service Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 21 46 User ID’s and Passwords • A user ID becomes a person’s unique identifier • A password is a different series of characters that verifies your identity • Some computers are case-sensitive; they differentiate between upper and lower case letters Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 22 47 How do I choose a secure password? Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 23 48 Chapter 1 Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Section C: Web Basics Computer Concepts 8th Edition Parsons/Oja The World Wide Web • The Web is a collection of files that can be linked and accessed using HTTP • HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) - the protocol that allows Web browsers to communicate with Web servers • Many of these files produce documents called Web pages • Web site - location on a computer somewhere on the Internet that stores a collection of Web pages – http://www.yahoo.com Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 26 50 What is the Web? Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 26 51 What is the Web? • Web server - computer with special software for transmitting Web pages over the Internet • Home page - identifies the site and contains links to other pages at the site • Web sites are composed of a series of Web pages Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 27 52 What is the Web? • URL (Uniform Resource Locator) - an Internet address of a document on a computer – Begins with http:// Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 27 53 What is a browser? • Web browsers are software programs that run on your computer and help you access Web pages – Internet Explorer – Netscape Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 28 54 Exactly what does a browser do? • Fetches and displays Web pages • The server sends your computer data that’s stored • The data consists of information that you want to see and HTML tags, codes that tell your browser how to display it Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 30 55 Exactly what does a browser do? Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 30 56 Can I copy and save information from a Web page? Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Pages 30-31 57 What is a search engine? • Web site that provides a variety of tools to help you find information – Helps you locate web pages on certain topics – Enter keywords or descriptions – AltaVista, Google, Yahoo, etc. Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 31 58 Search Engines Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 31 59 Exactly what is a query? • Describes information you want to find • You can enter more than one keyword • A search operator describes a relationship between keywords – – – – – AND, OR, and NOT Quotation marks NEAR Wildcards Field Searches Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 32 60 How do I use a topic directory? • A topic directory is a list of topics and subtopics Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 33 61 Chapter 1 Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Section D: E-Mail Basics Computer Concepts 8th Edition Parsons/Oja Who can use e-mail? • Any person with an e-mail account • An e-mail account provides the rights to a storage area or “mailbox” • Each mailbox has a unique address – dee_greene@rutgers.edu Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 36 63 Exactly what is an e-mail message? • A document that is composed on a computer and remains in digital form so that it can be transmitted to another computer • Every message includes: – A message header – The body of the message Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 36 64 What can I do with basic e-mail? Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 36 65 How does forwarding work? • After you receive a message, you can pass it on to other people • The original message is copied and then you can enter the address of the person to receive the message, and even add a note about why you are passing it along Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 37 66 What’s an e-mail attachment? • File that travels with a message to the recipient • MIME provides a way of disguising the file as plain ASCII text that can travel over the Internet Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 37 67 Is e-mail different than other types of communication? • Netiquette is online jargon for “Internet etiquette • Series of customs or guidelines for maintaining civilized and effective communications on-line Put a meaningful title on the subject line Use uppercase and lowercase letters Check spelling Be careful what you send Be polite Be concise Be cautious with sarcasm and humor Use smileys cautiously : - ) Use the Bcc function for group mailings Don’t send replies to “all recipients” Don’t send huge attachments Explain all attachments Stay alert for viruses Notify recipients of viruses Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Pages 38-39 68 What is all this junk in my mailbox? • Spam is unwanted electronic junk mail that arrives in your online mailbox • Globally, spam accounts for about 75% of all e-mail messages Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 40 69 E-mail Technology: What is an e-mail system? • The equipment and software that carries and manipulates e-mail messages • E-mail servers sort, store, and route email • Store-and-forward technology – a communications method in which data that cannot be sent directly to its destination will be temporarily stored until transmission is possible – POP – IMAP – Web-based e-mail Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 40 70 How do I use Web-based e-mail? Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 41 71 How do POP and IMAP work? • Your ISP will offer POP or IMAP • POP server – a computer that stores your incoming messages until they can be transferred to your hard disk • Using POP requires e-mail client software • Outgoing mail is routed by an SMTP server Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 41 72 How do POP and SMTP work? Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 41 73 Is POP mail better than Webbased e-mail? • Requires e-mail client software • Transfers e-mail to your computer • Consider the following when deciding: – Control – Security – Travel Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics Page 42 74 Conclusion • You should now be able to: – Define the term computer and identify the components of a personal computer system – Compare the computing capabilities of the computer categories – Describe operating systems – Describe Internet communications and basic features – Explain how an e-mail system works Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics 75