Chapter 7
Circulatory System
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Learning Objectives
1.
2.
3.
4.
Recognize or write the functions of the circulatory system.
Recognize or write the meanings of Chapter 7 word parts
and use them to build and analyze medical terms.
Write terms for selected structures of the cardiovascular
and lymphatic systems or match terms with their
descriptions.
Write the names of the diagnostic terms and pathologies
related to the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems when
given their descriptions or match terms with their
meanings.
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Learning Objectives (cont’d)
5.
Match surgical and therapeutic interventions for
the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems or write
the names of the interventions when given their
descriptions.
6. Spell terms for the circulatory system correctly.
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Components of the Circulatory System
 The circulatory system =
cardiovascular system
(heart and blood vessels)
+
lymphatic system
(structures involved in the conveyance of
lymph)
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Functions of the Circulatory System
Functions of the Cardiovascular System
 supplies cells with nutrients
 transports waste products for disposal
 maintains acid-base balance
 prevents hemorrhage
 protects against disease
 helps regulate body temperature
Primary Function of the Lymphatic System
 collects fluid that escaped from the smallest blood
vessels and returns it to circulation
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Cardiovascular System
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Capillary Bed
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Structures of the
Cardiovascular System
 arteries
 arterioles
 capillaries
 venules
 veins
 venae cavae
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Circulation Through the Heart
from
Jacob
S: Human
anatomy:
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2007,
2003
by Saunders,
an imprint
of
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A clinically-orientated approach, St Louis, 2008, Churchill-Livingstone.
9
Heart Valves
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Coronary Arteries, Layers of the Heart
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Combining Forms: Blood Vessels




angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o
aort/o
arter/o, arteri/o
arteriol/o
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vessel
aorta
artery
arteriole
12
Quick Quiz!
Capillaries are branches of
A.
B.
C.
D.
arteries
arterioles
lymphatics
veins
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Combining Forms: Blood Vessels (cont’d)
 ather/o
 phleb/o, ven/o
 venul/o
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yellow fatty plaque
vein
venule
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Diseases, Disorders, and
Diagnostic Terms: The Heart




cardiomyopathy
endocarditis
myocarditis
pericarditis
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Diseases, Disorders, and Diagnostic
Terms: The Heart (cont’d)
 Invasive Procedures
 cardiac catheterization, catheter
 endoscopic, endoscope
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Cardiac Catheterization
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Diseases, Disorders, and Diagnostic
Terms: The Heart (cont’d)
Noninvasive Procedures
electrocardiography
stress tests, treadmill stress test
echocardiography (ECHO),
echocardiogram
MRI, CT, PET
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Echocardiogram
From Ballinger PW, Frank ED: Merrill’s atlas of radiographic positions and radiologic procedures, vol 3, ed 12, St Louis,
2011, Mosby.
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Diseases, Disorders, and Diagnostic
Terms: The Heart (cont’d)





angina pectoris
arrhythmia, dysrhythmia
heart murmur
cardiomegaly
congenital heart defects: atrial and ventricular septal
defects (ASDs and VSDs)
 congestive heart failure (CHF), heart failure
 hyperlipidemia
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Myocardial Infarction
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Ventricular Septal Defect
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Diseases, Disorders, and Diagnostic
Terms: The Heart (cont’d)
 coronary artery disease
(CAD), coronary heart
disease
 fibrillation, defibrillation,
defibrillator
 hypertension, hypotension
 infarction, myocardial
infarction (MI), myocardial
ischemia
 shock
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Diseases, Disorders, and Diagnostic
Terms: Blood Vessels




vasodilation, vasoconstriction
cholesterol, triglycerides, lipids
aortography, aortogram
angiography, angiocardiography, arteriogram,
arteriography, radiopaque
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Arteriogram
From Braunwald: Heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine, ed 6, Philadelphia, 2001, Saunders.
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Quick Quiz!
Myocardial infarction is
A. death of an area of the heart muscle
B. deficiency of blood supply to the myocardium
C. a defect in the wall separating the left and right
sides of the heart
D. heart damage resulting from insufficient oxygen
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Diseases, Disorders, and Diagnostic
Terms: Blood Vessels (cont’d)




angioma, hemangioma, lymphangioma
arteritis, polyarteritis, aortitis
arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis
pulse, tachycardia, bradycardia
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Diseases, Disorders, and Diagnostic
Terms: Blood Vessels (cont’d)






arteriopathy
arteritis
arteriosclerosis
atherosclerosis
aortitis
aneurysm, cerebral aneurysm, hemorrhage
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Aneurysm
B from Kowalcyk N, Mace J: Radiographic pathology for technologists, ed 5, St. Louis, 2009, Mosby
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Diseases, Disorders, and Diagnostic
Terms: Blood Vessels (cont’d)






cerebrovascular accident (“CVA” = STROKE!)
thrombus, cerebral thrombus
embolism, embolus, thrombotic embolus
polyarteritis
bradycardia, tachycardia
phlebitis, thrombophlebitis, venous thrombosis
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Types of Stroke
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Varicose Veins
A, From Lewis SM, Heitkemper MM, Dirksen SR, O’Brien PG, Bucher L: Medical-surgical nursing: Assessment and
management of clinical problems, ed 8, St. Louis, 2011, Mosby.
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Cardiopulmonary Bypass
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Artificial Cardiac Pacemaker
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Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator
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Surgical and Therapeutic Interventions:
The Heart
 cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
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Angioplasty
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Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
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Surgical and Therapeutic Interventions:
Blood Vessels







thrombolytic agent, heparin, intravascular thrombolysis
atherectomy, phlebectomy, hemorrhoidectomy
antiarrhythmic drugs, digoxin
vasodilators, nitroglycerin
antihypertensives, diuretics
antilipidemic drugs
atherectomy
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Lymph Circulation
From Drake R, Vogl W, Mitchell A: Gray’s anatomy for students, ed 2, New York, 2009, Churchill-Livingstone.
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Lymphatic System
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Structures of the Lymphatic System
 thymus
 spleen
 tonsils, palatine tonsils, pharyngeal tonsils, adenoids
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Quick Quiz!
Heparin is a(n)
A.
B.
C.
D.
vasodilator
antiarrhythmic
antilipidemic
thrombolytic
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Additional Combining Forms






adenoid/o
cervic/o
home/o
lymphat/o
splen/o
thromb/o
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adenoids
neck (or uterine cervix)
sameness
ymphatics
spleen
thrombus, blood clot
44
Disease, Disorders, and Diagnostic
Terms: The Lymphatic System





lymphoma
lymphangitis
lymphangiography, lymphangiogram
lymphedema
lymphadenitis
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Lymphangitis
From Stone DR, Gorbach SL: Atlas of infectious diseases, Philadelphia, 2000, Saunders.
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Lymphedema
From Goldstein BJ, Goldstein AO: Practical dermatology, ed 2 St Louis, 1997, Mosby.
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Lymphadenitis
From2007,
Behrman
Kliegman
R, Jenson
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Nelson’s textbook of pediatrics, ed 17, Philadelphia, 2004, Saunders.
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Disease, Disorders, and Diagnostic
Terms: The Lymphatic System, (cont’d.)




lymphadenopathy
lymphadenoma
tonsillitis
splenomegaly
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Surgical and Therapeutic Interventions,
The Lymphatic System




lymphadenectomy
splenectomy
tonsillectomy
adenoidectomy
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Capillary Bed: Self-Test!
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Acronyms and Abbreviations





AMI, MI
ASD
AV, A-V
CABG
CAD
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Acronyms and Abbreviations, (cont’d.)






CHF
CPR
ECHO, echo
ICD
T&A
VSD
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