Energy $avings
Opportunities
For North Carolina
Businesses and Institutions
What can I do now
to curb rising utility
costs?
How can I better control
utility costs in the future?
Energy $avings Workshops
AGENDA
No Cost Opportunities
Break
Low Cost Opportunities
Break
Capital Cost Opportunities
Wrap-up
Energy Supply - Cost Outlook
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Natural Gas,
Commercial
Sep-05
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
Natural Gas,
Industrial
1997
$/1000 CF
Natural Gas Prices - NC
Source: EIA
Energy Supply – Cost Outlook
Fuel Oil and Propane Prices
250
200
150
100
50
Propane Residential
Fuel Oil,
Residential
0
Ja
nM 03
ay
-0
Se 3
p0
Ja 3
n0
M 4
ay
-0
Se 4
p0
Ja 4
n0
M 5
ay
Se 05
p05
cents/gallon
300
Source: EIA
Energy Supply - Cost Outlook
7.5
7
6.5
6
5.5
5
4.5
4
Electricity,
Commercial
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
Electricity,
Industrial
1997
cents/kWh
NC Electricity Prices
Source: EIA
Getting Started:
Energy Conservation Initiatives

Find a leader

Get all persons involved within the
organization to participate and cooperate

Identify the opportunities

Implementation
• no cost (behaviors, policy and
awareness)
• low cost (operations & maintenance)
• capital projects

Measurement & Verification
Building Schedules
Affect all categories of energy use



Create longer periods of unoccupied
time
Optimize the use of facilities
You may be keeping an entire
building conditioned to use one room
HVAC
No Cost Opportunities

Adjust your thermostat
• 70 deg max winter 76 deg min summer
• Why? For a business 1 deg = 3% savings




Remove obstructions to radiators, air
diffusers, air intakes
Remove heat sources from underneath
thermostats
During unoccupied times lower temp in
winter – raise temp in summer
Boilers
• Reduce hot water temperature
• Lower steam pressure
Temperature Set-backs
During unoccupied times
One of the greatest energy savings potential
in commercial buildings
 Conduct set-backs manually or …
 Programmable 7-day Thermostats
($50-$200, manual override, locking)
 Proper use of Energy Managements Systems
or Building Automation System (BAS)
 Winter Set-back Temperature saving;
Asheville Climate Example – Typical % savings
60 ° F
55 ° F
50 ° F
10%
20%
30%

Lighting
No Cost Opportunities



When you leave the room TURN THEM OFF
Optimize use of day lighting
Reduce lighting
• Make use of dual switching

Outdoor Lighting
• Decorative lighting – is it worth the price ?

Vending Machines
• Have your distributor disconnect the lights
Equipment
No Cost Opportunities
Office equipment

When finished TURN IT OFF


If available enable sleep mode on all equipment
Computer power save mode
• Energy Star power management for computers and
monitors
Kitchens
 TURN IT OFF when finished
 Turn off unneeded sections – (i.e. broilers, griddles,



etc.
Position equipment properly
Avoid excessive pre-heating
Full loads only
Equipment (cont.)
No Cost Opportunities
Refrigerators




Do you need it?
Consolidate?
Load properly
Keep the door shut
Check the
Temperature settings
• Freezers (-14 to -8 ° F),
Refrig (35 - 38 ° F)



Position properly
Clean the cooling coils
Check the door seals
Replacing a warped
refrigerator gasket can save
$50 per year.
Equipment (cont.)
No Cost Opportunities
Air Compressors



TURN IT OFF when not in use
Lower operating pressures
(2 psi reduction saves 1%)
Consider the right application
Hot Water
No Cost Opportunities



Reduce hot water heater
temperature to 120° F if allowable
Turn heat off at hand washing
stations
Turn off recirculation pumps
Miscellaneous
No Cost Opportunities
Buildings



Keep doors closed
Keep windows closed
Involve security and janitorial staff in your
TURN IT OFF campaign
Water
 TURN IT OFF when not in use

• Do not leave hoses under pressure when
not in use
Water is not a broom
Vehicle Use and Fuel Savings







TURN IT OFF reduce or eliminate idle
time
Reduce aggressive driving. Avoid high
speeds.
Maximize use of most efficient vehicles in
your fleet
Car pool and task pool
Become involved in Clean Cities programs
Maintain vehicle properly
www.fueleconomy.gov
Utility Accounting


Track consumption as well as cost
Know the vocabulary
• kWh = total electricity used in billing
period
• kW = greatest 15 minute use in period
• BTU = British Thermal Unit
• Therm = 100,000 BTU’s
• Dekatherm (Dt) = 1,000,000 BTU’s
• CCF = Hundreds of cubic feet = 1 Therm
• MCF = Thousands of cubic feet
Fuel Cost Comparison
NC Commercial
Averages

Electricity:
$0.069/kWh



Natural gas
$1.50/therm
Propane $1.60 /
gallon
#2 Fuel Oil
$1.94/gallon
Unit Energy
Comparisons
 Electric Strip Heat:
$19/MMbtu
 Heat Pump:
$6.33/MMbtu
 NG Furnace:
$15.00/MMbtu
 Propane Furnace
$20.46/MMbtu
 #2 Oil Furnace:
$15.85/MMbtu
Utility Rate Analysis




No capital investment required
Do you understand how you are billed?
Many rate schedules
Are you on the best rate schedule?



When to check?
Who to work with?
Can you change operations to provide
quick savings?
NC State Agencies are
saving $650,000 annually
through energy rate reviews
Utility Accounting

Easy ways to track
bills & Use
• Go on line to view –
Account information
Energy Usage
Energy analysis

Benchmark your
Energy Usage
• Tools
• www.energystar.gov
Energy Links
•State Energy Office http://www.energync.net/
•DPPEA
http://www.p2pays.org/
•Progress Energy
http://www.progress-energy.com/custservice/index.asp
•Duke Energy http://www.duke-energy.com/businesses/managing/
•Dominion North Carolina Power
http://www.dom.com/about/companies/ncpower/index.jsp
•ElectriCities http://www.electricities.com/index.htm
•Co-ops
http://www.ncemcs.com/north_carolina.htm
•PSNC
http://www.scana.com/PSNC+Energy/Conservation/default.htm
•Piedmont NG http://www.piedmontng.com/
Getting Started:
Energy Conservation Initiatives

Find a leader

Get all persons involved with organization to participate
and cooperate

Identify the opportunities

Implementation
• no cost (behaviors, policy and awareness)
• low cost (operations & maintenance)
• Capital projects

Measurement & Verification
Life Cycle Costing


The cheapest initial cost may be the
most expensive choice
To calculate:
purchase price +
lifetime maintenance cost +
lifetime operating cost (including
energy) = total cost

Compare total cost of all
products being considered.
HVAC
Low Cost Opportunities
• Programmable 7-day thermostats
• Special units for Heat Pumps
• Remember 1 degree = 3% savings
• Thermostat location
 Replace air filters regularly
 Clean heat-transfer coils in heat pumps,
air conditioners and chillers
 Inspect ducts for leaks and missing
insulation
• Balance air flow in ducts to prevent cold spots in
building
HVAC (cont)
Low Cost Opportunities



HVAC controls tune-up
Boiler tune-up
Survey steam traps for proper function
• Repair traps as needed



Radiator thermostat controls
Clean strainers/filters upstream of traps
Up to 5% savings for keeping steam
system maintained
Lighting
Low Cost Opportunities
Lighting Power Density
Building
Categories






Offices
Classroom
Bank Lobbies
Garage Repair Area
Bathroom, Stairwells
Library Study Area
foot
candles
30 - 50
50
15
75
15
50
watts
per sf
1
1.4
1.8
1.4
0.9
1.7
Lighting
Low Cost Opportunities






Clean fixtures and bulbs periodically
De-lamp
Lower room light levels and use task
lighting CFL (compact fluorescent lamp)
Occupancy sensors
Replace EXIT signs with LED’s
Replace T-12 with T-8 lamps
• T8 lamps offer better performance, more
selection, less heat, & elimination of hum

Replace incandescent lamps with CFL
Self-ballasted CFLs
Self Ballasted Compact Fluorescents- not to scale
T3&T4 Spiral
T3&T4
Triple&Quad
Medium &
Candelabra Base
Candles
T3-Aline
Globe
T4-Aline
OutdoorPost
-top
R40
R30
Incandescent vs. CFL Cost Comparison
Incandescent
CFL
Watts
100
27
Rated Life
750 hours
10,000 hours
No. Bulb per 10K hours
13
1
kWh over 10K hours
1,000
270
Cost per kWh
$0.08
$0.08
Operating Cost over 10K $80.00
hours
$21.60
Cost per Bulb
$0.50
$1.50
Bulb Cost over 10K
hours
$6.50
$1.50
Life Cycle Cost
$86.50
$23.10
Net Savings over 10,000 hours: $63.40
Equipment
Low Cost Opportunities
Office equipment
• Specify Energy Star equipment for new
purchases
• Flat panel computer monitors
 Energy saving sensors on vending machines
• Vendor Requirement in new contracts
Using Energy Star office
equipment saves about $50 per
employee per year.
Equipment (cont)
Low Cost Opportunities
Kitchens


Replace warped refrigerator seals
Low flow pre-rinse sprayer (1.6 gpm)
Hours of
Spray
Valve
Usage
gallons/day
Gas
Savings
gallons/day
therms/
day
Annual
Dollar
Savings
Water
Waste Water
Savings
Savings
2 hours/day
100
gallons
100
gallons
0.7
therms
$400 $500
4 hours/day
200
gallons
200
gallons
1.3
therms
$800 $1,000
6 hours/day
300
gallons
300
gallons
2.0
therms
$1,200 $1,500
Equipment (cont)
Low Cost Opportunities
Air compressors



Fix the leaks (a 1/16” leak wastes
$667/year)
Use the right nozzles
Adequate ventilation in compressor room
• Use outside make-up air (save 5-7%)
Hot Water
Low Cost Opportunities



Place timer on electric hot water
heater
When it fails, replace gas, tank style
hot water heater with on demand
hot water heater
Install pipe insulation
Miscellaneous
Low Cost Opportunities
Buildings

Insulation Opportunities
• Walls

Floors
Weather Stripping
• Doors

Ceilings
Windows
Gaskets for electrical wall plates on
outside walls
Miscellaneous (cont)
Low Cost Opportunities
Water



Showerheads (1.5 gallons per minute,
gpm)
Sink aerators (0.5 gpm)
Repair leaks
Don’t pay sewer charges on water you
don’t discharge




Water/sewer bills
typically based on “water
use”
Some water/sewer
authorities will
reimburse you for water
not discharged
If you have cooling
towers, irrigation
systems, or use
significant water in your
products, ask your water
authority if option is
available
Typically requires a submeter.
Miscellaneous (cont)
Low Cost Opportunities
Vehicles



Purchase most economical vehicle for task
If available purchase flex fuel vehicles
Look at hybrids
Getting Started:
Energy Conservation Initiatives

Find a leader

Get all persons involved with organization to participate
and cooperate

Identify the opportunities

Implementation
• no cost (behaviors, policy and awareness)
• low cost (operations & maintenance)
• Capital projects

Measurement & Verification

Financing Options for capital projects
Capital Projects
Audits



Available from a variety of sources
Audit should be conducted based on
energy use
Financial opportunities
•
•
•
•
Performance contracting
SEO loan program
DSIRE Web site
Federal and state tax incentives
Capital Projects
(cont)
HVAC








Right size all equipment
Ground source heat pumps
Variable speed drives
Fuel use flexibility
Alternate fuel boilers
Install building automation system
Boiler economizer
Thermal storage
Capital Projects
(cont)
Lighting




Complete building re-lamp
Put lighting on building automation system
Side benefit – reduces HVAC load
LED traffic signals
Equipment



Motors
Make vendors do life cycle cost analysis on major
equipment purchases
Waste heat recovery
Capital Projects
(cont)
Hot water


Solar hot water system
Waste heat recovery
Buildings



Insulate un-insulated areas
Reflective light-colored roof
Building automation system
Capital Projects
(cont)
Water



Cooling towers
Irrigation
Rain water catchments
Miscellaneous




Peak shaving generators
Co-generation
Photovoltaic
Wind
A Quick Energy Quiz
1.
It’s better to turn off my lights every time I leave
my office than to just turn them off at the end of
the day. True/ False
2.
It takes more energy to set my thermostat lower
at night in the winter than it does to keep it at the
same temperature all day and night True/ False
3.
It takes more energy to power down my monitor
during the day using available software, than to
leave it on all day.
True/ False
4.
Fluorescent lights consume (circle one) 1/10 1/4
1/2 the energy of a regular incandescent light
bulb, and last (circle one) 2 times 10 times 15
times as long.
5.
A space heater costs (circle one) $20 $50 $100 a
year for electricity.
Possibilities
“We are all faced with
magnificent opportunities,
brilliantly disguised as
impossible situations.”
Charles Swindoll
Resource Providers…

State Energy Office
http://www.energync.net/

Division of Pollution Prevention and
Environmental Assistance
http://www.p2pays.org/

Waste Reduction Partners
http://www.landofsky.org/wrp/

NCSU Industrial Extension Service
http://www.ies.ncsu.edu/

NCSU Industrial Assessment Center
http://www.mae.ncsu.edu/Centers/IAC/

Advanced Energy
http://www.advancedenergy.org/
Resource Providers…

NC Solar Center
http://www.ncsc.ncsu.edu/default.cfm



Database of State Incentives for Renewable Energy
http://www.dsireusa.org/
Energy Star Home Page http://www.energystar.gov/
Energy Star Training Page
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=business.bus_inter
net_presentations

Energy Star Computer Power Management
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=power_mgt.pr_po
wer_management

The Food Service Technology Center
www.fishnick.com

US Department Of Energy (for vehicles)
www.fueleconomy.gov
Resource Providers…


DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
home page
http://www.eere.energy.gov/
DOE Comcheck Software download
http://www.energycodes.gov/comcheck/

DOE Best Practices (MotorMaster download)
http://eereweb.ee.doe.gov/industry/bestpractices/software.html

Institute of Textile Technology (Service Listings)
http://www.itt.edu/Services/ServiceSheets.cfm

Los Angeles County wastewater digester gas to
energy
http://www.wapa.gov/es/pubs/esb/2005/june/jun058.htm
Where do you use the most energy?
Typical Office
Hot
Water
Misc
Use
5%
Food
Prep
2%
9%
HVAC
40%
Equipment
15%
Lighting
29%
Source: Handbook of Energy Engineering, EIA, and NREL