ENG 202:
Informative Speech Tips
Notes from
Human Communication, 5/e
Figure 10.1
Selecting and narrowing a topic.
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Adapting to the Audience
• Your language
• Your topic
• Your purpose and
goal
– Immediate
– Long-range
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Ch. 11
BEING CREDIBLE AND USING
EVIDENCE
Four Aspects of Credibility
(Audience perception of speaker’s effectiveness)
•
•
•
•
Competence
Trustworthiness
Dynamism
Common ground
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How credible are these sources?
Topics
Source
Your mother
Your speech
professor
A philosophy
professor
A millionaire
A medical doctor
SCC’s president,
Joan Bailey
Your state senator
A psychiatrist
Religion
Education
Economics
Politics
1 = Not
credible
2 = Average
credibility
3 = Highly
credible
Information Sources
• Personal experience
• People resources
• Written and visual
resources
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Most
credible
Figure 11.1
Breaking down Web addresses.
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Research Strategy
•
•
•
•
Refine topic
Research as a process
Use variety of sources
Evaluate sources carefully
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10
Citing Sources of Information
• Bibliographic
references
• Internal references
• Verbal citations
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11
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12
Supporting Materials
• Examples
• Narratives
• Surveys
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Supporting Materials
• Testimonial evidence
– Lay testimony
– Expert testimony
– Celebrity testimony
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Supporting Materials
• Numbers and
statistics
• Analogies
• Explanations
• Definitions
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Ethical Considerations
• Source credibility
• Use of supporting
material
– Plagiarism
– Incremental plagiarism
– Two-sided argument
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Ch. 12
Use outline template on course website:
https://sites.google.com/site/jmartinenglishscc/
ORGANIZING YOUR SPEECH
Creating the Introduction
• Gain and maintain
attention
• Arouse audience
interest
• State purpose or thesis
• Establish qualifications
• Forecast development
and organization
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Introduction Don’ts
• Beginning speech as you
walk up front
• Making negative comments
about yourself or your
abilities
• Signaling lack of confidence
through nonverbals
• Making negative comments
about your message
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Functions of Body of Speech
• Increase audience
knowledge
• Change audience’s attitudes
or actions
• Present arguments, stories,
and/or ideas
• Provide support for
arguments and/or ideas
• Indicate sources of
information
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Transitions and Signposts
• Transitions
– Bridge between sections of
message
• Signposts
– Signal where message is
going
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Functions of Conclusion
• Brakelight function
• Review central idea
and main points
• Specify audience
reaction
• End to reinforce
audience reaction
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Conclusion Don’ts
• Ending abruptly or with no
forewarning
• Providing detailed replay of
everything you just said
• Saying negative things about
your presentation
• Using negative nonverbal
messages
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References
• Purpose is to inform the audience of your
sources and enable them to check the sources
• Style = MLA
• Use Purdue OWL website for information on
how to create a “Works Cited” page.
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Modes of Delivery
•
•
•
•
Extemporaneous
Impromptu
Manuscript
Memorized
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Vocal Aspects of Presentation
• Pitch
• Rate
• Pauses
– Vocalized pauses
• Volume
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Vocal Aspects of Presentation
• Enunciation
– Pronunciation
– Articulation
• Fluency
• Vocal variety
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Nonverbal Aspects of Presentation
•
•
•
•
Gestures
Facial expressions
Eye contact
Movement
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Figure 13.1
Tips for gesturing effectively.
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Reducing Communication Apprehension
• Skills approach
• Positive thinking
approach
• Visualization
approach
• Relaxation
techniques
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Figure 13.2
Calming normal communication apprehension.
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Ch. 13
USING VISUAL RESOURCES
Reasons to Use Visual Resources
• Enables audience
to understand
• Reinforces
message
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Figure 13.3
Immediate and delayed retention of spoken and viewed information.
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Principles to Follow When
Using Visual Resources
• Use images, not
words
• Use the rule of
thirds
• Minimize details
• Use what’s
available
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Figure 13.4
Tips for using visual resources.
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Figure 13.5
Using images rather than words on a slide is more effective.
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Figure 13.6
Following the rule of thirds can add visual interest to your slides.
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Figure 13.7
Cluttering a slide with too much information can diminish its impact.
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