George Washington
http://www.history.com/videos/georgewashingtons-precedents#georgewashingtons-precedents
Do you have your
own CABINET?
Henry Knox,
Secretary of War
Alexander Hamilton,
Secretary of Treasury
George Washington,
President
Thomas Jefferson,
Secretary of State
Edmund Randolph,
Attorney General
Alexander Hamilton was
named Secretary of Treasury
(Treasury Department deals with
issues involving money or taxes)
Hamilton and Jefferson were the
most influential of Washington’s
cabinet, but they had different
views on the role of government
Thomas Jefferson was
named Secretary of State
(State Department deals with
issues involving foreign nations)
Hamilton
• Strong central
government
• Led by a wealthy elite
Jefferson
Government
Commerce and
Industry
Support from
Loose or strict
interpretation
Hamilton
• Strong central
government
• Led by a wealthy elite
Jefferson
Government
Commerce and
Industry
Support from
Loose or strict
interpretation
• Strong state government
• Lots of individuals
participating
Hamilton
Jefferson
• Strong central
government
• Led by a wealthy elite
Government
• Key to a strong nation
Commerce and
Industry
Support from
Loose or strict
interpretation
• Strong state government
• Lots of individuals
participating
Hamilton
Jefferson
• Strong central
government
• Led by a wealthy elite
Government
• Strong state government
• Lots of individuals
participating
• Key to a strong nation
Commerce and
Industry
• Farmers will be the key to
our nation’s wealth
Support from
Loose or strict
interpretation
Hamilton
Jefferson
• Strong central
government
• Led by a wealthy elite
Government
• Strong state government
• Lots of individuals
participating
• This is the key to a strong
nation
Commerce and
Industry
• Farmers will be the key to
our nation’s wealth
• North
Support from
Loose or strict
interpretation
Hamilton
Jefferson
• Strong central
government
• Led by a wealthy elite
Government
• Strong state government
• Lots of individuals
participating
• This is the key to a strong
nation
Commerce and
Industry
• Farmers will be the key to
our nation’s wealth
• North
Support from
• South and West
Loose or strict
interpretation
Hamilton
Jefferson
• Strong central
government
• Led by a wealthy elite
Government
• Strong state government
• Lots of individuals
participating
• This is the key to a strong
nation
Commerce and
Industry
• Farmers will be the key to
our nation’s wealth
• North
Support from
• South and West
• Loose Interpretation
Loose or strict
interpretation
Hamilton
Jefferson
• Strong central
government
• Led by a wealthy elite
Government
• Strong state government
• Lots of individuals
participating
• This is the key to a strong
nation
Commerce and
Industry
• Farmers will be the key to
our nation’s wealth
• North
Support from
• South and West
• Loose Interpretation
Loose or strict
interpretation
• Strict Interpretation
Alexander Hamilton
believed that a strong
national government
was necessary to provide
order in America
He wanted to build a
strong economy focused
on industry so America
could be self-sufficient
He believed that the
Constitution should be
loosely interpreted to
allow the government
to respond to issues
Thomas Jefferson
believed that political
power should remain
with state governments
in order to protect liberty
He wanted the economy
to remain focused on
farming and the gov’t
to protect farmers
He believed that the
Constitution should be
strictly interpreted with
all other powers reserved
to state governments
How would things be
different if we did not
have a national currency?
(US Constitution)
Federalists
• Shared Hamilton’s vision of a
strong central government
* Believed in:
-Strong central
government
-Industrial economy
-Less participation by
people in government
-Weak state governments
Republicans, later called
Democratic-Republicans and
even later, Democrats
• Shared Jefferson’s vision of
strong state government
• Believed in:
• Limited central
government
• Agrarian (farming)
economy
• Lots of participation by
people in government
• Strong state government
The disagreements between Hamilton and Jefferson
led to the formation of America’s first political parties
Federalists supported
a strong national
government…
…loose interpretation
of the Constitution…
Hamilton
formed
the
Federalist
Party
…a strong financial
system that favored
banks and industry…
…supporting England
when war broke out
with France
The disagreements between Hamilton and Jefferson
led to the formation of America’s first political parties
Republicans supported
strong state
governments…
…strict interpretation
of the Constitution…
…state banks and
policies that support
small farmers…
…supporting France
when war broke out
with England
Jefferson
formed the
DemocraticRepublican
Party
In 1794, Washington faced another crisis: the
Whiskey Rebellion
Excise Tax – Tax on the sale of a domestic product
sent
approx. 12,000 militia-men
When Shays’ Rebellion
broke out in 1787,
the weak government
under the Articles of
Confederation could
not stop the rebellion
Reminder!
When the Whiskey
Rebellion began in 1794,
President Washington
saw the uprising as a
threat to public safety
“Whenever the government
appears in arms [against a
riot or insurrection], it ought
to appear like Hercules,
and inspire respect by the
display of strength”
“A little rebellion now and then
is a good thing, and necessary
in the political world as storms
in the physical. It is a medicine
necessary for the sound
health of government”
President Washington
mobilized an army of 13,000 soldiers which ended
the rebellion
What role does
rebellion play in
government?
Thomas
Jefferson James Madison Paris
[2]
•Highlights the growing division in politics and
What do Washington’s actions suggest
about the role of the federal
government?
Whiskey Rebellion Video
Notes “Quiz”
After 4 years, George Washington was
unanimously elected president for a second term
In his second term (1793-1797), Washington had to
solve serious FOREIGN POLICY problems that faced
the young nation
In 1793, war broke out
between Britain and France
after the French Revolution
France tried to gain an
American alliance in
their war with Britain
Jefferson wanted
the USA to support
France and their
fight for liberty
Hamilton wanted
to support Britain
in order to avoid
angering our largest
trade partner
In 1793, Washington set
an important foreign
policy precedent with his
Proclamation of
Neutrality
President Washington
believed that America
was too young to involve
itself in a European war
America remained
neutral in European
affairs from 1793 to
1898
allowed British
fur trappers to continue to operate south
of the Canadian border.
•Federal forces are sent to get control over
the area.
•Little Turtle (chief) defeated US forces in
two battles (1790-1791)
“Signing the Treaty of Greene Ville” - Painting by Howard Chandler Christy,
hanging in Ohio State Capitol
Why was this
gain important
for the US?
Helped pave the
way for US
expansion west of
Appalachians.
Pinckney’s Treaty
Jay’s Treaty
American who
negotiated the
treaty
Thomas
Pinckney
John Jay
Country the treaty
was made with
Spain
Great Britain
Terms of the treaty
1. Gave all land 1. Opened NW
east of Miss.
Territory
To US
2. Some British still
2. Access to New
on Canadian
Orleans
border
American’s
Reaction to the
Treaty
Happy 
Ambivalent
Mixed feelings 
In 1796, Washington
chose not to run for a
3rd term as president
He was afraid that if he
died in office, it would
create a precedent that
presidents can serve for life
There was no term limit
in the Constitution,
but Washington created
the precedent that
no president serve more
than two terms
In 1796, George Washington
gave advice to the nation
in his Farewell Address
Washington warned against
the growth of “factions”
and political parties
He warned against growing
sectional tensions between
the North and South
He restated his desire for
neutrality by warning
against entangling alliances
Which area of the
country voted for
Adams?
Which area of the
country voted for
Jefferson?
What does this show
us about America in
1796?
President: John Adams
Vice Pres.: Jefferson
Electoral Votes:
Adams - - 71 votes
Jefferson - - 68 votes
The Constitution stated that the
runner up in the presidential
election would be named vice
president.
What problems
might this
present?
Election of 1796
XYZ Affair
XYZ Affair
XYZ Affair
Americans are MAD! The French tried
to bribe them!
As a result, US-French tensions were
at an all-time high for two years
“I think John Adams
handled the XYZ
affair all wrong. As a
DemocraticRepublican, I think
the French are our
FRIENDS!”
Thomas Jefferson
“Oh yeah? Well I
say you cannot
criticize the U.S.
Government. And
I’m the President,
so take that!!”
John Adams
Sedition ~ encourage people to commit treason
1. Alien Acts ~ allowed the president to
deport or jail any ‘undesirable’ alien
2. Sedition Act ~ set fines and jail terms for
anyone using “false, scandalous, malicious
statements” against the government
3. Naturalization Act ~ raised requirement
for US citizenship from 5 to 14 years.
But President
Adams, you can’t do
that! The Alien &
Sedition Acts clearly
violate our first
amendment rights!!
Thomas Jefferson