Pre-AP DNA and Mitosis Study Guide
1. On the following picture, label the chromatid and the centromere. State what the picture is and
during which mitotic phase it is present.
a. This is a picture of a chromosome and it is present during prophase and metaphase. 1,
3, 4, & 5 are the chromatids. 2 is the centromere.
2. When do the sister chromatids form?
a. Sister cromatids form during the S phase.
Use the table above answer the questions 3-5.
3. Will observing slide B, a student noticed one cell that had twice as much DNA as the others.
What could best explain this difference?
a. DNA synthesis has occurred.
4. 2 fruit flies cells are observed. Cell A has 16 chromosomes while cell B has 8 chromosomes.
How could this be?
a. Cell A is has already divided this sister chromatids during anaphase while Cell B is still in
the early stages of mitosis.
5. If a grasshopper gland cell goes through mitosis, how many chromosomes would be found in
each daughter cell?
a. 24 chromosomes
6. What is the purpose of mitosis?
a. The purpose of mitosis is for growth, repair, and single celled organism reproduction.
7. What does the following diagram depict?
a. Plant cell undergoing cytokinesis.
8. What is the correct order of the phases of the cell cycle?
a. G1 – S – G2 - M
9. What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle?
a. DNA is copied.
10. What region of the cell helps organize the spindle?
a. The centrosome
11. Some chemotherapy interferes with the assembly of microtubules at the cellular level. The
effectiveness of the treatment relates to what?
a. The spindle is composed of microtubules. A chemotherapeutic drug that interferes with
mitosis stops cell growth since the cancerous cell is unable to reproduce.
12. What period of a normal cell cycle would a cell complete anaphase?
a. During M phase
Use the diagram below to answer questions 13-15.
13. Which slide contains cells that would have 12 chromosomes during anaphase?
a. Slide E
14. All of the slides contain diploid cells except slide A.
15. Which slide has cells that do not go through mitosis?
a. Slide A
Use the diagrams below for 16-18
16. Which diagram shows a cleavage furrow?
a. D
17. Which diagram shows daughter cells?
a. B
18. Which shows a cell where the DNA exists as chromatin?
a. C
Use the diagram below for questions 19-22.
19. Which letter represents a spindle fiber?
a. A
20. Which letter represents a nuclear envelope?
a. E
21. Which letter represents a centromere?
a. C
22. Which letter represents a centrosome?
a. B
23. Who are the scientists credited with establishing the structure of DNA?
a. Watson and Crick
24. Define purines and pyrimidines.
a. Purines are double-ringed nitrogenous bases. Pyrimindines are single-ringed
nitrogenous bases.
25. State the base-pairing rule.
a. Adenine pairs with Thymine and Cytosine pairs with Guanine
26. What is the primary function of DNA?
a. To carry the genetic information from one generation to the next.
27. DNA is composed of the long chain of what?
a. nucleotides
28. What does a nucleotide consist of?
a. A 5-carbon sugar, a nitrogen base, and a phosphate group
29. Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecule of DNA.
30. Given a picture of DNA be able to label the nucleotide, the nitrogen base, the sugar, an the
gene.
X
2n
31.
2n
This is a model of mitosis. 2n
Essay: Answers should be in essay form. Outline form is NOT acceptable. Labeled diagrams may be
used to supplement discussion, but in no case will a diagram alone suffice. It is important that you read
each question completely before you begin to write. Use complete sentences and proper grammar.
32. Cells are reproduced through a process of mitosis. Discus the process of mitosis as it would
occur in a typical animal cell, such as a cheek cell by including the following in your discussion.
Students were given this in class.