Latin II/III
Week 4
Relative Pronouns
 used to relate to/ refer to some preceding word
(antecedent)
 the relative pronoun must agree with the antecedent in
gender and number, but it takes the case for the
clause it is used in.
 English relative pronouns are expressed by: who, which,
what, and that

Relative Clauses
 The use of relative pronouns is to usually combine 2
related sentences.
 ex) I watched the rugby game. The rugby game was on the
TV. >>>>>>
 I watched the rugby game that was on the TV.
 In the one sentence you get a main sentence and a
relative clause
practice
 ex) Est regina quae in Africa habitavit.
 She is the queen who lived in Africa.
 quae is feminine singular to agree with its antecedent
regina, but quae is nominative since it is the subject of
habitavit.
Declension of Relative Pronoun
Singular
plural
m.
f.
n.
m.
f
n.
nom
quī
quae
quod
quī
quae
quae
gen
cuius
cuius
cuius
quōrum
quarum
quōrum
dat
cuī
cuī
cuī
quibus
quibus
quibus
acc
quem
quam
quod
quōs
quās
quōs
abl
quō
quā
quō
quibus
quibus
quibus
quī, quae, quod - who, which
intensive adjective
(can also be used as pronouns)
Singular
plural
m.
f.
n.
m.
f
n.
nom
ipse
ipsa
ipsum
ipsī
ipsae
ipsa
gen
ipsius
ipsius
ipsius
ipsōrum
ipsārum
ipsōrum
dat
ipsī
ipsī
ipsī
ipsīs
ipsīs
ipsīs
acc
ipsum
ipsam
ipsum
ipsōs
ipsās
ipsa
abl
ipsō
ipsā
ipsō
ipsīs
ipsīs
ipsīs
ipse, ipsa, ipsum - himself,
herself, itself
Ablative of Accompaniment
 When relative pronoun is used with cum, it is attached
to the end of the pronoun
 ex) Vir quocum ambulabam erat altus. The man with
whom I was walking was tall.
Vocab
 qui, quae, quod - who, which, that
 lux, lucis f. – light
 do, dare, dedi, datus – to give
 inter (+acc) – between, among
Colosseum
 http://www.history.com/videos/coliseumdeconstructed#coliseum-deconstructed
Colosseum
 originally called the Flavian Amphitheatre, after the
Flavian dynasty of Emperors including Vespasian, Titus
and Domitian.
 Built for the Roman citizens, entrance to the games were
free
 Used to please the citizens and keep them entertained
 the area covers 6 acres, less than 10 years to build. (72
-80CE)
Games/Events
 Gladiator fights, recreations of famous battles (land and
sea), etc.
 There were over 20 different types of Gladiators
 The wild and exotic animals which included lions, tigers,
hyenas, hippos, rhino's, crocodiles, ostriches, antelopes,
bears and zebras
 An estimated 700,000 people died in the bloody arena.
 A Retractable Awning called the Velarium provided
cover and shade. Brackets supported 240 wooden masts
on which canvas awnings were hung.
Translate
 Ludos et pompas populus Romanus magno studio
spectabat. In Italia, in Africa, in Gallia conservantur
theatra et amphitheatra Romanorum, in quibus ludi
etiam nunc habentur. Natura virorum varia est sed
pauci ludos non amant.
 Captivi et servi mali quos domini in amphitheatrum
miserant in media arena pugnare cogebantur.
Populus Romanus studium ludorum numquam
intermisit. Multa captivi cum magno animo
pugnabant et libertatem obtinebant. Multi mali viri
etiam pro vita pugnabant et poenam in arena
sustinebant.