nomen mihi est _________
Latin 2
Spring Semester Exam Review
May
2011
Stages 18-21
1. Name the parts of speech and define each.
Noun – names of things
Pronoun – takes the place of a noun
Adjective – defines a noun or pronoun
Adverb – describes the action of a verb
Verb – shows action or state of being
Preposition – expresses relationship between 2 nouns
Conjunction – joins two sentences or phrases
Interjection – an exclamation
2. Name the 5 noun cases and the uses
of each
• Nominative - subject, PN, PA
• Genitive - shows possession
• Dative - indirect object
• Accusative - direct object
• Ablative - special uses
3. How do you find the stem of a Latin noun?
Drop the
GENITIVE
SINGULAR
ending
4. How do you tell the declension to
which a noun belongs?
• Look at the
• GENITIVE SINGULAR
•1st = ae
•2nd = i
•3rd = is
5. What are the 1st declension noun
endings?
puella
puellae
puellae
puellam
puella
puellae
puellarum
puellis
puellas
puellis
6. What are the 2nd declension noun endings?
amicus(puer,vir)
amici
amico
amicum
amico
amici
amicorum
amicis
amicos
amicis
7. What are the 3rd declension noun endings?
mater
matris
matri
matrem
matre
matres
matrum
matribus
matres
matribus
8. Pay special attention to:
dative indirect object
Quintus rosam Metellae dedit.
dative of advantage
Metella Felici togam invenit.
dative object of special verbs
Caecilius Holconio favit.
9. In what ways do Latin nouns and the
adjectives which modify them agree?
• Adjectives and the nouns they
modify always agree in gender,
number, and case.
• The endings may not have the
same spelling, but they are from
the same gender, number and case
locations on the endings charts.
10. What are the singular 1st and 2nd
declension adjective endings?
masculine
singular
feminine
neuter
malus
mali
malo
malum
malo
mala
malae
malae
malam
mala
malum
mali
malo
malum
malo
11. What are the Plural 1st and 2nd
declension adjective endings?
masculine
mali
malorum
malis
malos
malis
plural
feminine
malae
malarum
malis
malas
malis
neuter
mala
malorum
malis
mala
malis
12. Decline a
rd
3
Declension Adjective
singular
celer
celeris
celeri
celerem
celeri
celeris
celeris
celeri
celerem
celeri
celere
celeris
celeri
celere
celeri
12. Decline a
rd
3
Declension Adjective
plural
celeres
celerium
celeribus
celeres
celeribus
celeres
celerium
celeribus
celeres
celeribus
celeria
celerium
celeribus
celeria
celeribus
13. What are the 3 degrees of
adjectives [and adverbs]?
•positive
happy
•comparative happier
•superlative happiest
14. Give an example and translation of
a regular adjective in the 3 degrees.
clarus,-a,-um
clear
clarior, clarius clearer
clarissimus,-a,-um
clearest
(1st & 2nd Declension)
15. Give an example and translation of
a regular adjective in the 3 degrees.
celer, celeris, celere swift
celerior, celerius swifter
celerrimus,-a,-um
swiftest
(3rd Declension)
16. How is a 1st & 2nd declension
adjective made into an adverb?
•find the stem and add
“e”
•clarus: clare
•pulcher: pulchre
17. Give examples of irregular adjectives in the
comparative and superlative degrees.
bonus
melior
optimus
good
better
best
malus
peior
pessimus
bad
worse
worst
magnus
maior
maximus
great, large
greater, larger greatest, largest
parvus
peius
minimus
small
smaller
smallest
18. How is a 3rd declension adjective
made into an adverb?
•find the stem and
add “ter” or “iter”
•celer: celeriter
•acer: acriter
19. Give an example and translation of
a regular adverb in the 3 degrees.
clare clearly
clarius more clearly
clarissime most clearly
20. Irregular adverb in the 3 degrees.
(positive degree ends in “r”)
celeriter swiftly
celerius more swiftly
celerrime most swiftly
21. Irregular adverb in the 3 degrees.
(stem changes)
magne greatly
maius more greatly
maxime very greatly
22. Write the principal parts of porto,
name the principal parts, find and name
the stems, and show which tenses can
be formed onto each stem.
present
indicative
porto
present
infinitive
perfect
indicative
perf. pass
participle
portare portavi portatus
present
perfect
imperfect
23. How do you recognize the conjugation
to which a verb belongs?
Conjugation
1st Prin. Pt
2nd Prin. Pt
1st
2nd
3rd
rd
3 io
th
4
o
eo
o
io
io
are
ēre
ere
ere
ire-
24. Write the principal parts of the following verbs:
porto, video, duco, capio, audio
porto portare
portavi portatum
video videre
vidi
visum
duco ducere
duxi
ductum
capio capere
cepi
captum
audio audire
audivi auditum
(see next 4 slides for close-ups)
present indicative (column 1)
porto
video
duco
capio
audio
present infinitive (column 2)
portare
videre
ducere
capere
audire
perfect indicative (column 3)
portavi
vidi
duxi
cepi
audivi
perfect passive
participle(column 4)
portatus,-a,-um
visus,-a,-um
ductus,-a,-um
captus,-a,-um
auditus,-a,-um
(Review of last 4 slides)
25. Write the principal parts of the following
verbs:porto, video, duco, capio, audio
porto
video
duco
capio
audio
portare
videre
ducere
capere
audire
portavi
vidi
duxi
cepi
audivi
portatum
visum
ductum
captum
auditum
26. How do you recognize the present tense?
•verb looks more like
the 1st principal part
•present stem + regular
personal endings
27. Write the regular active personal endings
o,m- I
s - YOU
t - HE, she,
mus - WE
tis - Y’ALL
it
nt - THEY
28. What do you have to remember about
the agreement between verbs and their
subjects?
A verb and its subject agree in
person and number
29. How do you translate the present
tense (porto)?
I carry
I am carrying
I do carry
30. Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense:
porto, video, duco, capio, audio
singular plural
1st person
2nd person
3rd person
See following slides for conjugations
porto I carry
porto
portas
portat
st
1
Conjugation
portamus
portatis
portant
video I see
nd
2
Conjugation
video videmus
vides videtis
videt vident
duco I lead
rd
3
Conjugation
duco ducimus
ducis ducitis
ducit ducunt
capio I take
rd
3
io Conjugation
capio capimus
capis capitis
capit capiunt
audio I hear
th
4
Conjugation
audio audimus
audis auditis
audit audiunt
31. Give the principal parts of the irregular
verbs: sum, possum, volo, eo, and fero.
sum, esse, fui possum, posse, potui volo, velle, volui eo, ire, ii(ivi), itum
fero, ferre, tuli, latum
32. Conjugate the irregular verbs in the present tense.
sum
possum
volo
eo
fero
See the following
slides
sum I am
sum
es
est
sumus
estis
sunt
possum I am able
possum
potes
potest
possumus
potestis
possunt
volo I wish
volo volumus
vis
vultis
vult volunt
eo
I go
eo imus
is itis
it eunt
fero
fero
fers
fert
I bear, bring
ferimus
fertis
ferunt
33. How do you recognize the imperfect tense?
“ba”
just before the ending
(=present stem + “ba”
+ personal endings)
34. How do you translate the imperfect
tense (portabam)?
I was carrying
I used to carry
I kept on carrying
35. Give examples of imperfect tense verbs.
•
•
•
•
•
•
ambulabam
portabamus
videbat
ducebant
capiebas
audiebatis
36. Conjugate sum in the imperfect tense.
eram - I was eramus - we were
eras - you were eratis - y’all were
erat - he was erant - they were
37. How do you recognize the
perfect tense?
•perfect stem
•any one of the
perfect endings
38. Write the perfect personal endings.
i -I
imus - we
isti -you istis-y’all
it-he,she,it erunt -they
39. How do you translate the perfect tense (portavi)?
I carried
I have carried
I did carry
39a. Give the perfect tense forms of several regular
and irregular verbs. Use the third person singular.
porto --- portavit
video ---vidit
duco --- duxit
capio ---cepit
audio --- audivit
sum --- fuit
possum --- potuit
volo --- voluit
eo --- iit (ivit)
fero --- tulit
40. What is an infinitive?
It is a verbal that is translated using
“to” plus the verb meaning
The infinitive in Latin can be used to
complete the meaning of a verb; it can be
the subject or object of a verb.
ambulare amo.
ambulare possum.
ambulare est bonum.
41. What is a preposition?
A preposition indicates
the relative position
between its object and
another noun in the
sentence.
42. What two cases do the Latin
prepositions govern?
•accusative
•ablative
43. List several prepositions and give their
meanings and the case each governs.
•+ the Accusative:
•ad - toward
•trans - across
•post - behind
•ante - in front of
44. List several prepositions and give their
meanings and the case each governs.
•+ the Ablative:
•ab - away from
•e,ex - out of
•cum - with
45.
Distinguish between
in + the ablative case and
in + the accusative case
• + the Ablative &
Accusative:
at rest
•in -in
•sub - under
motion
into
up under
46. Decline the personal pronoun in
1st, 2nd, 3rd person. Give the English
meaning of each Latin word.
•see next slides
1st,
47. Decline the personal pronoun in
2nd, 3rd person.
Give the English meaning of each Latin word.
singular
plural
nom. ego - I
gen. mei - of me
nos - we
nostrum, nostri - of us
dat. mihi - to/for me
acc. me - me
abl.
me - by/with me
nobis - to/for us
nos - us
nobis - by/with
us
48. the personal pronoun in
singular
plural
nom. tu - you
gen. tui - of you
vos - you
vestrum, vestri - of you
dat. tibi - to/for you
acc. te - you
abl.
2ndperson..
te - by/with you
vobis - to/for you
vos - you
vobis - by/with
you
49. 3rd person personal pronoun
singular
is
eius
ei
eum
eo
ea
eius
ei
eam
ea
id
eius
ei
id
eo
….49. 3rd person personal pronoun
plural
ei
eorum
eis
eos
eis
eae
earum
eis
eas
eis
ea
eorum
eis
ea
eis
50. Know the “indeclinables”: -que,
et, sed, autem, tamen, postquam, -ne,
num, nonne…etc
• -que - and
• et - and
• sed- but
• autem - however
• tamen - nevertheless
…50. Know the “indeclinables”:
-que, et, sed, autem, tamen,
postquam, -ne, num, nonne…etc
• postquam - afterwards, after
• -ne =a ?-mark
• num - expects a “no” answer
• nonne - expects a “yes” answer
• igitur - therefore
51. Know the “?-words”. quis, quid, ubi, quo,
unde, quando, quot, cui, quocum, cur, etc...
• quis - who
quot - how many
• quid - what
cui - to whom
• ubi - where, when cur - why
• quo - to where quando - when
• unde- from where
• quocum - with whom
52. Be able to recognize and
translate the vocative case noun.
• Marcus:
Marce
• filius:
fili
• Caecilius: Caecili
• meus:
mi
53. Be able to recognize and translate
the imperative mood verb.
• voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatum
•voca!
call!
•vocate! you all call!
(54. Negative Commands)
nolo in the imperative mood
+ infinitive of the action
= do not wish (to____)
Singular: noli dicere
Plural: nolite dicere
54. Remember the special forms:
placet + dative case
placetne tibi?
- que
pueri puellaeque
55. State the “overriding” rule of
neuter nouns.
Neuter nouns always have the same
spelling in the nominative and
accusative cases.
Neuter nouns always end in “-a” in the
nominative and accusative plurals.
56. How can you recognize a neuter
nd
noun in the 2 declension?
In the second declension, nouns that
end in “-um” in the nominative
singular are neuter.
57. Decline a 4th Declension Noun
Masculine
portus
portūs
portuī
portum
portū
portūs
portuum
portibus
portūs
portibus
…57. Decline a 4th Declension Noun
Neuter
cornu
cornūs
cornū
cornū
cornū
cornua
cornuum
cornibus
cornua
cornibus
58. What are some fine points to remember
about the 4th Declension Nouns?
Most –us 4th declension nouns are masculine,
except for feminine nouns domus and manus.
Most masculine nouns in 4th declension are
made from the fourth principal parts of verbs.
4th declension nouns ending in -u in the
nominative are neuter.
59. Decline a 5th Declension Noun
diēs
diēi
diēi
diem
diē
diēs
diērum
diēbus
diēs
diēbus
60. What are some fine points to
th
remember about 5 declension nouns?
All 5th declension nouns are feminine
except for dies and its compounds
There are no neuter nouns in the 5th
declension.
There are no adjectives in the 5th
declension.
61. Decline hic, and give the English
hic haec
huius huius
huic huic
hunc hanc
hoc hāc
hoc
hi
hae haec
huius
horum harum horum
huic
his
his
his
hoc
hos has
haec
hoc
his
his
his
This
62. Decline ille, and give the English
ille
illius
illi
illum
illo
illa illud
illius illius
illi
illi
illam illud
illā illo
illi
illorum
illis
illos
illis
That
illae
illa
illarum illorum
illis
illis
illas
illa
illis
illis
63. What is a participle?
*A participle is an adjective made from a
verb, retaining attributes of both.
*As a verb, it has tense & voice; it may
take an object, and it may be
modified by adverbs.
*As an adjective, it has gender, number and
case, even degree, and it modifies a noun or
substantive.
64. How do you recognize the Present Active Participle?
What are the possible translations?
Present stem of the verb with “-ns” or “-nt” + 3rd
declension endings
portans – nominative
portantem – accusative, as with other cases
carrying, while carrying
65. Decline the present active
participle of the verb porto.
portans
portantis
portanti
portantem
portante
(neuter)
portantes (portantia)
portantium
portantibus
portantes (portantia)
portantibus
66. How do you recognize the Perfect Passive Participle?
How do you translate it?
The perfect passive participle is the 4th principal
part of a verb. There are no special signals for
this one. 1st & 2nd declension endings are used.
(Deponent verbs do not have a perfect passive
participle – they have a perfect Active participle,
which is their third and last principal part.)
portatus – having been carried
67. Please gather up your old
vocabulary pages and worksheet
pages. Study the meanings of the
Latin words and the English words
derived from them.
68. Make a list of the characters you have met
since stage 18 through stage 21 and write few
notes about each.
69. Look over the culture information
in the worksheet packets for
stages 18-24.
70. Study the culture topics:
Glassmaking
Egypt
Egyptian goddess Isis
Medicine and Science
Aquae Sulis
Roman Money
Greek Vases
71. Practice translating the stories in stage 21.
You will have to translate on the final exam.
Fortunam bonam habeas!
---Magistra