Verbs
Words like porto, traho, capio, and
audio are known as verbs. They usually
indicate an action or a state of affairs.
 In Latin the ending of the verb indicated
the person who is doing the action.
English uses pronoun subjects as follows:

Verbs In English
Singular
Plural
1st Person
I
we
2nd Person
you
you
3rd Person
she/he, it
they
In Unit 1 you have met three tenses of the
Latin verbs:
Present Tense
porto
I carry
portas
you (S) carry
portat
s/he carries
portamus
we carry
portatis
you (PL) carry
portant
they carry
Imperfect Past Tense
portabam
I was carrying
portabas
you (S) were
carrying
portabat
s/he was carrying
portabamus
we were carrying
portabatis
you (PL) were
carrying
they were carrying
portabant
Perfect Tense
portavi
I carried
portavisti
you (S) carried
portavit
s/he carried
portavimus
we carried
portavistis
you (PL) carried
portaverunt
they carried
English has more than one way of
translating each of these tenses:

The present tense indicates an action or state of
happening now: porto can mean I carry, I am
carrying, or I do carry.

The imperfect tense indicates a repeated or
incomplete past action or state. portabam can
mean: I was carrying, I did carry, I used to
carry, I began to carry.

The perfect tense indicates a single or complete
past action or state. portavi can mean: I carried,
I have carried, or I did carry.
Verb Conjugations

Just as nouns have declensions, verbs
have families known as conjugations,
based on different vowel combinations
found in front of personal endings. The
following are the full tables of verb
endings you have met in Unit 1:
Present Tense Conjugations
First
Second
Third
Fourth
I
porto
doceo
traho
audio
you
portas
doces
trahis
audis
s/he,
it
portat
docet
trahit
audit
we
portamus docemus
trahimus
audimus
you
portatis
docetis
trahitis
auditis
they
portant
docent
trahunt
audiunt
Imperfect Tense Conjugations
First
Second
Third
Fourth
I
portabam
docebam
trahebam audiebam
you
portabas
docebas
trahebas
audiebas
s/he portabat
docebat
trahebat audiebat
, it
we portabamus docebamus trahebamus audiebamus
you
portabatis
docebatis
trahebatis audiebatis
they portabant
docebant
trahebant audiebant
Perfect Tense Conjugations
First
Second
Third
Fourth
I
portavi
docui
traxi
audivi
you
portavisti
docuisti
traxisti
audivisti
s/he portavit
, it
docuit
traxit
audivit
we
portavimus
docuimus
traximus
audivimus
you
portavistis
docuistis
traxistis
audivistis
traxerunt
audiverunt
they portaverunt docuerunt
Verb Practice #1

Go back into the charts and find the Latin
verbs for the following English words:
They were carrying, you (S) were teaching,
she was dragging, I was listening, you (PL)
were carrying
2. He heard, they dragged, I taught, we listened,
you (S) carried.
3. I teach, we drag, she hears, you (PL) drag,
they carry.
1.
Translate the following forms of the
present tense:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
ego dormio, servus dormit, non
dormimus, servi dormiunt.
servi laborant, tu laboras; servus laborat,
ego laboro.
intrant, intras, intrat, intro.
sedemus, sedeo, sedent, sedes.
venio, venimus, veniunt, venitis
More practice!!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
servi ambulant, servi ambulabant, servi
ambulaverunt.
servus laborat, servus laborabat, servus
laboravit.
clamamus, clamabamus, clamavimus.
dormiunt, dormiebant, dormiverunt.
parabas, paravisti, paras.
Even more practice!
1.
2.
3.
4.
intrabam, intravi, intro.
fecit, faciebat, facit.
dixistis, dicitis, dicebatis.
apparebant, apparent, apparuerunt.
Irregular Verbs
These verbs are not part of the four
conjugations.
PRESENT TENSE
IMPERFECT TENSE
sum
I am
eram
I was
es
you (S) are
eras
you (S) were
est
s/he, it is
erat
s/he, it was
sumus
we are
eramus
we were
estis
you (PL) are
eratis
you (PL) were
sunt
they are
erant
they were
Translate each of the singular verbs.
Then convert into the plural form and
translate:
Example: portavi
portavimus
1. trahis
6.
2. audivisti
7.
3. veniebam
8.
4. es
9.
5. scripsit
10.
I carried
we carried
fugio
circumspectabas
misit
tacui
erat
Now do the opposite!
Example: portavimus
portavi
1. intramus
6.
2. timebant
7.
3. cepistis
8.
4. dormiunt
9.
5. sumus
10.
we carried
I carried
festinabatis
ridemus
surrexerunt
celebravistis
eramus