หลักการเดาความหมายของ
ศัพท์ภาษาอังกฤษ
• Context = ข้อความหรื อคาศัพท์
หลายๆ คา .
• อยูแ่ วดล้อมคาศัพท์ที่ไม่ทราบความหมาย แล้ว
ทาให้สามารถเดาความหมายของคาศัพท์ที่ไม่รู้
นั้นได้
• For example :
roll = ม้วน
• breakfast roll = ขนมปัง
• roll call = ชื่อบัญชี
• บริ บท (context) แบ่งเป็ นประเภทต่างๆ
ดังนี้
•
External Context Clues
•
Internal Context Clues
•
External Context Clues แบ่งออกได้ดงั นี้
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การให้คาจากัดความโดยตรง ( Direct Definition )
to be ( ได้แก่ is, are , was , were)
that is , in other words หรื อ or หมายความว่า คา หรื อ
ประโยคที่กล่าวมาแล้ว มีความหมายเหมือนกับคาหรื อประโยคที่ตามหลังคาเชื่อม
นี้
mean , means
to refer to
to be defined to
to be regard as = เกี่ยวข้องเป็ น
to look like
to be called
• For example
• Geometry is one branch of
mathematics about lines,
angles, and surfaces.
• Closed punctuation means
the use of commas and
periods at the end of lines in
the letter headings and
addresses.
• Isn’t that what you’ve always
wanted – to keep your morning
freshness all day long?
• The audience appreciated the
speaker’s straight answers to
their questions. In other
words, the speaker answered
truthfully .
• การให้ ตัวแนะโดยสั งเกตจากตัวอย่ าง ( Definition
by Example )
•
•
•
สั งเกตจากคาว่ า for example, for instance,
e.g., such as, as
We get an alloy by melting two or
more metals together, for example,
brass is an alloy of bronze and zinc.
Half-baked, for instance, may refer
to a foolish idea or stupid person.
• การให้ ตัวแนะจากการบรรยาย
(Definition of
Description)
• Thailand is a
country in Asia and
her main export is
rice.
• การเดาความหมายจากคาที่แสดงการเปรียบเทียบหรื อ
ขัดแย้ ง (Comparison and
Contrast)
• Compare - เช่น Verb to be,
as, like
• Sak excels in football,
photography, and music, and
his elder brother is even more
versatile.
• 2. Contrast – เช่น but, although,
nevertheless, on the other hand,
on the contrary
- Although he was accustomed to
life in the desert, he could not
endure the heat of this valley
very long.
• การเดาความหมายโดยใช้ ตัวแนะที่เป็ น
เหมือนคาเหมือนและคาตรงข้ าม
• (Synonym and Antonym)
• like, likewise, similarly, in the
same way, as, correspondingly,
equally, as if
• - A tiger and a panther are
nearly alike. A panther has
yellow skin with dark spots, but
a tiger is bigger and it has
yellow skin with black stripes.
• There are conflicts between the
leaders of different political
parties, so there are
disagreements between their
members.
• การใช้ ตัวแนะที่สังเกตได้ จากการใช้ ข้อความหรื อคา
ขยาย ( Appositive)
• สังเกตจากเครื่ องหมาย comma (,) ที่ตามหลัง
noun
• The minutes, a written record
of the meeting, were kept by
the secretary.
• การเดาความหมายจากตัวแนะที่เป็ นที่มาของคา
(Origin)
• Sports probably began as part
of training for battle.
• การเดาความหมายจากการใช้ สิ่งเปรียบเทียบ
(Simile)
• สั งเกตจากคาว่ า as , like
- The cat’s eyes glowed in the
dark as if they were little
lights.
• การเดาความหมายโดยการสรุปย่อ
(Summary)
- Down the street they came.
First there were the girls
twirling batons, then the
marching band, and then the
men in uniform, it was a parade.
• 2. Internal Context
Clues – ตัวแนะที่อยูภ่ ายในบริ บท ได้แก่
prefixes, suffixes,
roots, keywords และ
word inflection
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Directions :
Choose the word with the
closest meaning to each of
the underlined words
1.
I have no way of knowing the outcome, but my conjecture
is that Mr. Black will win the election.
1. guess
2.
awareness
3. knowledge
4.
confidence
2.
Since I was the cause of your accident, I cannot help
feeling remorseful.
1. helpful
2.
painful
3. regretful
4.
truthful
3.
He never acted hastily but was deliberate in everything he
said and did.
1. careful
2.
ignorant
3. delightful
4.
indifferent
4.
Since the baby was left in my care, I have a feeling of
obligation to see that nothing happens to him.
1. duty
2.
worry
3. intention
4.
willingness
5. His habit of turning in the radio at the highest volume is the
greatest nuisance for all people in the apartment. They finally
asked for police help since they were unable to tolerate his
behavior.
1.
resist
2.
retain
3.
endure
4.
enhance
6. In this age, education is considered an important key to success
and minority groups especially are striving to better their lot by
going to college.
1.
arguing
2.
confusing
3.
inspecting
4.
attempting
7. This type of work is considered to be quite hazardous. Every
worker therefore gets accident insurance from the factory.
1.
gloomy
2.
risky
3.
cautious
4.
labourious
8. Police arrested a Chinese-Filipino suspect on a charge of
trafficking heroin across the Thai-Malaysian border.
1.
snatching
2.
smuggling
3. possessing
4.
proceeding
9. She provided ample evidence of her need for financial
support and was Granted a scholarship to continue her study.
1.
fake
2.
vague
3. inadequate
4.
sufficient
10.If you want good grades on tests, it is vital that you study
hard.
1.
genuine
2.
intensive
3. effective
4.
essential
11. His performance on the piano was so accomplished that his
audience stood up to applaud him.
1.
skilled
2.
handsome
3.
amateur
4.
awkward
12. Needle and thread arte indispensable tools for a tailor; without
them he would not be able to work.
1.
available
2.
essential
3.
possible
4.
suitable
13. The newspaper reported that the Dutchess of York, who has so
often been Criticized for her dowdy taste, had developed a much
more stylish dress sense.
1.
economical
2.
expensive
3.
modern
4.
plain
14. After lengthy interrogation of the suspect, the police decided to
let him free, because his words had proved his innocence.
1.
searching
2.
questioning
3.
describing
4.
arresting
15. Owing to the fact that the Northeast has become impoverished,
several foreign development agencies are offering aid to the area.
1.
developed
2.
civilized
3.
fertile
4.
poor
16. When a problem arose concerning the perishability of the new
crops, a canning factory was set up as a means to preserve food.
1.
quick growth
2.
quick decay
3.
quick sales
4.
quick advertising
17. I disliked her from the moment I saw her.
1.
at will
2.
3.
at first sight
4.
at present
at one time
18. Her only daughter got married in Nan province and could not afford
the long and expensive journey to see her mother in Had-Yai.
1.
insisted on making
2.
was too weak to make
3.
never remembered to start
4.
did not have enough money for
19.
The chairman presented the guest speaker to
the audience.
1. greeted
2.
introduced
3. advised
4.
suggested
20.
The boy continually raised his hand because he
was anxious to be chosen.
1. enthusiastic
2.
afraid
3. nervous
4.
diplomatic
Directions : Choose the
word that best complete
each of the statements.
21.
Since her mother ______ breastfeeding that unhealthy
baby suffered from various sicknesses.
1. ruined
2.
drilled
3. neglected
4.
disobeyed
22. The last time my boyfriend came to my house for dinner,
he was not sure whether the mushrooms in my cooking
were _______ .
1. edible
2.
workable
3. believable
4.
predictable
23. Although it is hoped that a convict will be _____ while in
prison so that he can lead a useful life when released, this
outcome is not always the case.
1. smashed
2.
obstructed
3. authorized
4.
rehabilitated
24.The government at first rejected the plan to construct a
tantalum factory, seeing that the results were_______ in
comparison with the amount of effort needed to achieve the
plan.
1.
unique
2.
trivial
3.
universal
4.
undoubtful
25.She said Thamrong was _______ in his talent. If he had
been sincere, he would not have told the team’s secrets to
the opponents.
1.
anxious
2.
vicious
3.
precious
4.
glorious
26.We had to queue. We had to wait for our……. to see the
teller.
1.
queue
2.
row
3. turn
4.
line
27.
1987 is jubilants year for the Thai people. On this
occasion, 15 new commemorative stamps, gold coins, 60 bath
banknotes, and medals are being…….
1.
celebrated
2.
issued
3. covered
4.
published
28.
It is difficult to find work in the entertainment
business nowadays that
even…….musicians are finding themselves unemployed.
1.
neglected
2.
varied
3. conscious
4.
talented
29.
1.
3.
Business is a very demanding and……. field.
humble
2.
underpaid
competitive
4.
academic
30.
…… of workers from the country to the cities is one of
the major causes
of slums.
1.
Migration
2.
Location
3. Replacement
4.
Employment
31. A…… sometimes wins money and sometimes loses money.
1.
prize – winner
2.
born loser
3.
candidate
4.
gambler
32.
George did not get it. He was…… because he did not
understand the situation.
1.
confused
2.
positive
3. conscious
4.
determined
33.
He locked his video deck away when he left the house
because there had been several…… in the neighbourhood.
1.
murders
2.
robberies
3. suicides
4.
quarrels
34. For country people, to go to the movie is a special…….
1.
action
2.
occasion
3.
condition
4.
ritual
35. Every athlete recognizes that fair play is an
important….. of any sport.
1.
method
2.
kind
3.
component
4.
use
36. Our English class is far behind schedule. We need to….. on
week – ends, or we won’t finish in time.
1.
put up
2.
look up
3.
catch up
4.
pick up
37. A good government must….. the well – being of its
citizens.
1.
be accustomed to
2.
take after
3.
take over
4.
be responsible for
38.The audience were very pleased with the show: they gave
the performers a big round of………..
1.
encouragement
2.
explosion
3. rehearsal
4.
applause
39. John was put out because the committee did not even look
at the proposal which he had spent several hours working
on. The underlined phrase means…….. .
1.
upset
2.
extinguished
3. distinguished
4.
expelled
40. The ladies in the beautiful Indian……over there are from
Sri Lanka.
1.
costumes
2.
customs
3. fragrance
4.
fantasy
41.The government tried to help relieve the economic problems
of paddy farmers by setting up the paddy price…..scheme.
1.
condensation
2.
guarantee
3. opportunity
4.
representation
42. English is ……for all Chiangmai University students; every
student has to take English.
1.
complementary
2.
compensatory
3. compulsory
4.
commentary
43. Somsak was very disappointed because his girlfriend……. his
marriage proposal.
1.
turned down
2.
turned in
3. turned up
4.
turned off
44.A UNESCO working group reported that the
effects of acid rain on environments are
extremely………
1. hopeless
2.
advantageous
3. bilingual
4.
disastrous
45.Ever since the oil crisis of the 1970 s sent fuel
prices soaring, businesses and individuals have
looked for ways to save money by saving
petroleum.The underlined word means………. .
1. exaggerating
2.
depressing
3. scarce
4.
sky high
Good luck !
•
The End