Cell Division By: Mr. Kauffman Outline • Cells Review • What is cell division? • The Cell Cycle • Interphase • Mitosis • 4 Steps of Mitosis • Results of Mitosis • • • • Meiosis 8 Steps of Meiosis Results of Meiosis 2 Types of Cell Division Cells Review • Cell: smallest part of any living thing that carries out the functions necessary to support life • Unicellular organism: living thing made up of 1 cell • Multicellular organism: living thing made up of many cells What is cell division? • Cell division: a way to produce more cells – Usually 1 cell divides to make 2 cells • Why is cell division important to multicellular organisms? Cancer cell dividing – Its how they grow – Replace cells that have died • Why is cell division important to unicellular organisms? – Its how they reproduce E. Coli cell dividing The Cell Cycle • Cell cycle: everything that happens from 1 cell division to the next – 2 parts 1. Interphase 2. Mitosis Interphase • Interphase: longest part of the cell cycle – The cell prepares to divide • It grows in size • It copies its DNA Mitosis • Mitosis: Part of the cell cycle • Mitosis has 4 steps: 1) Prophase 2) Metaphase 3) Anaphase 4) Telophase Cell Division Mitosis Vocabulary • Diploid = A cell whose chromosomes that appear in pairs. • Haploid = A cell that has only one of each type of chromosome. • Parent Cell = In cell reproduction name for the original cell. • Daughter Cell = In cell reproduction the name for the cells produced. 4 Steps of Mitosis 1. Prophase – 1st step – Chromosomes form in nucleus (look like X’s) • • These are how the DNA is stored in our cells Humans have 46 single chromosomes (23 pairs) – Centrioles and spindle fibers begin to form 4 Steps of Mitosis 2. Metaphase – 2nd step – Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes – Chromosomes are lined up in the middle of the cell 4 Steps of Mitosis 3. Anaphase – 3rd step – Chromosomes are pulled apart – ½ of each chromosome goes to each end of the cell 4 Steps of Mitosis 4. Telophase – 4th step – Cytoplasm begins to pinch in at center of cell – Eventually the 1 cell splits to form 2 cells – Chromosomes unravel Results of Mitosis • Produces normal, diploid cells in the human body – Ex: skin and muscle • 1 cell splits to form 2 cells – The new cells are identical to each other – The new cells are also identical to the original cell Meiosis • Meiosis is cell division that produces reproductive cells – Ex: sperm and egg cells • Has 2 cell divisions – Basically goes through mitosis 2 times • Produces 4 cells – The 4 new cells have ½ the amount of DNA than the original cell had 2 Types of Cell Division in Humans Mitosis Characteristics Meiosis Normal body cells Reproductive cells 4 Types of cells produced # of steps PMAT Step names PMAT (1 and 2) 2 # of cells produced 4 46 (single) # of chromosomes in cells Comparison to original cell 23 (single) Identical 8 ½ the DNA