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Mitosis and Meiosis
Chapter 11: Reproduction of Organisms
Mitosis
 If a cell wants to make a ________________ of itself, if first must
________________________________ ___________________(part of a chromosome)
 The copies must be ___________________ & ____________________ into two sides of the cell
 The cell then ______________________________________. Part of each parent is carried to the
________ ________________________________________.
 Results in cells such as internal organs, skin, bones, blood, etc.
Meiosis
 As with ________________, if the cell wants to make a duplicate of itself, it first must copy its DNA
 Results in ____________________________________ (sperm, eggs, etc)
 Part of each parent is carried to the ______________ new cells.
 Meiosis has evolve to _______________________________________________________.
 The problem is this: some organisms have sex with other organisms-that is, they combine their genes
together (creating a genetic diversity)
o Why is this a problem? ____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
____________
Things to remember about Mitosis and Meiosis…
1. MITosis takes the cell and Makes It Two (diploid)
2. Meiosis has to do with sex
3. From the cells point of you…
a. mITosis results in Identical Twins
Mitosis
Meiosis
Steps of Mitosis
PreMitosis:
Interphase
INTERPHASE
DNA is replicated along with _____________
and other cellular _____________________
and the cell prepares for _________________
Step 3
The DNA recoils and the chromosomes
condense; the nuclear ________________
disappears, and the mitotic spindles begin to
_____________.
The chromosomes line up the _____________
of the cell with the help of ______________
_____________ attached to the centromere of
each replicated chromosome.
The chromosomes split in the middle and the
sister chromatids are pulled by the spindle fiber
to opposite poles of the cell.
Step 4
The chromosomes, along with the
_____________ and its organelles and
membranes are dived into _______ portions.
Step 1
Prophase
Step 2
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
After
CYTOKINESIS
Mitosis:
The actual splitting of the ______________
Cytokinesis cells into two separate cells is called
________________ and occurs differently in
both plant and animal cells.
Beginning of cytokinesis in a plant
Beginning of cytokinesis in an animal
Steps of Meiosis
Meiosis
Interphase
Meiosis
Prophase I
1. Meiosis is preceded by interphase. The
____________________ have not yet condensed.
2. The chromosomes have ______________, and the
chromatin begins to condense.
The chromosomes are completely ________________. In
meiosis (unlike mitosis), the homologous chromosomes pair
with one ______________________.
The nuclear membrane __________________ and the
homologous chromosomes attach to the
Meiosis
Metaphase I _______________________. They are preparing to go to
____________ poles.
Meiosis
Anaphase I
Meiosis
Telophase I
and
Cytokinesis
The cell begins to divide into two ________________ cells.
It is important to understand that each daughter cell can get
any _____________________ of maternal and paternal
chromosomes.
1.
2.
Steps of Meiosis Continued…
The cell is divided into _____ daughter cells.
Meiosis
Prophase II
Meiosis
As in Meiosis I, the chromosomes
___________ up on the spindle fibers.
Metaphase II
Meiosis
Anaphase II
The two cells each begin to _______________.
As in Meiosis I, the chromosomes
___________ to the
____________________ ends of each cell.
With the formation of the _________ cells,
meiosis is ___________. Each of these
Telophase II prospective germ cells carries __________ the
and
number of chromosomes of the somatic cells.
Cytokinesis
Meiosis
Mitosis vs. Meiosis