GENEL TRANSPORT
TURKEY
Transport and Trade
September 2002 – Istanbul, Turkey
TURKEY
JUST FOR THE START
Location: Southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia
bordering the Black Sea, the Aegean Sea
and the Mediterranean Sea
• Parliamentary Rebuplic
• Area About The Size of
Texas
• 7,200 km Coastline
• 2,627 km Land Boundary
• 69 Million People
TURKEY
GEO-ECONOMICAL
‘East Meets West’
Gateway from/to
• Europe
• C.I.S.
• Black Sea
• East Mediterrenean
• Gulf
TURKEY
GEO-ECONOMICAL
Among World’s 10 Big Emerging
Markets
Growth Sectors
• Energy
• Telecommunications
• Transport
• IT
• Textiles
• Automotive
• Iron & Steel
• Defense
• Tourism
• Environment
60% of the Population is below the Age of 30
TURKEY
GEO-ECONOMICAL
Close Integration With
International Community
Memberships
• UN
• NATO
• European Council
• OECD
• IMF
• World Bank
• GATT
• EFTA
• Black Sea E.C. Zone
• EU Customs Union
TURKEY
EU
Customs Union In Power Since 1996
Turkey Fully
Adopted EU
Policies
• Trade Regime
• Legislative
• Common External Tarif
vis-a-vis 3rd Countries
Trade Volume
• Imports Increased by 40 % in
the First Year of the Union
• Today the Volume is about
40 Billion USD per Year
TURKEY
ECONOMY
Turkey’s Total Exports in Years
Turkish Exports
in Million US$
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
TURKEY
ECONOMY
Turkey’s Total Imports in Years
Turkish Imports
in Million US$
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
TURKEY
ECONOMY
Turkey’s Total Foreign Trade in Years
Turkish Total Foreign Trade
in Million US$
90000
80000
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
TURKEY
First 10 Export Countries of Turkey
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
GERMANY
USA
UNITED KINGDOM
ITALY
FRANCE
THE NETHERLANDS
SPAIN
RUSSIA
ISRAEL
BELGIUM-LUXEMBOURG
18,7 %
11,6 %
7,4 %
6,4 %
6,0 %
3,2 %
2,6 %
2,3 %
2,3 %
2,3 %
TURKEY
First 10 Import Countries of Turkey
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
GERMANY
ITALY
USA
RUSSIA
FRANCE
UNITED KINGDOM
JAPAN
BELGIUM-LUXEMBOURG
SPAIN
THE NETHERLANDS
13,1 %
7,8 %
7,2 %
6,9 %
6,6 %
5,0 %
3,1 %
3,1 %
3,0 %
2,9 %
TURKEY
FREE ZONES IN TURKEY
Becoming Popular & Effective
TURKISH FREE ZONES
Free Zones Law numbered 3218 was issued in 1985
TURKEY
FREE ZONES IN TURKEY
All Kinds of Activities
Main Activities
• Manufacturing
• Storing
• Packing
• General Trading
• Banking and Insurance
TURKEY
FREE ZONES IN TURKEY
Basics
• Turkish Free Zones are tax free zones
• Sales into the domestic market are allowed
=> In contrast to most Free Zones in the world
• They are adjacent to the major Turkish Ports on the
Mediterranean, Aegean and Black Seas
=> Easy access to international airports and highways
• No procedural restrictions regarding price, standards or quality of
goods
• Earnings and revenues are tax free and transferable
• No restrictions on foreign firms operations.
=> Indeed the operator of Izmir FZ is an American firm.
TURKEY
Free Zones in TURKEY
ANNUAL TRADE VOLUME OF FREE ZONES (US$ 1000)
ZONES
1998
1999
ADANA-YUMURTALIK
ANTALYA
168.084
EUROPE
2000
2001
2.202
60.864
59.267
176.153
215.132
185.019
12.834
105.655
212.865
BURSA
EAST ANATOLIA
AEGEAN
82.294
476
614
1.789
1.881
1.446.380
1.188.896
1.662.598
1.291.910
15.750
35.671
54.355
GAZIANTEP
ISTANBUL ATATURK AIRPORT
1.778.062
2.196.891
2.893.199
2.193.739
ISTANBUL LEATHER & IND.
2.354.483
2.486.357
4.059.383
2.324.919
19.769
72.784
181.535
237.939
178.578
180.678
240.262
251.479
656
22.554
27.071
ISTANBUL THRACE
IZMIR MENEMEN LEATHER
KAYSERI
MARDIN
13.698
5.270
5.522
5.284
MERSIN
1.697.068
1.504.442
1.767.854
1.337.790
RIZE
1.726
11.987
15.816
16.447
SAMSUN
1.958
4.384
16.845
12.329
TRABZON
57.482
26.662
15.914
36.661
TOTAL
7.717.764
7.886.562
11.300.593
8.331.246
TURKEY
Free Zones in TURKEY
BREAKDOWN OF THE TRADE VOLUME BY
COUNTRIES (US$ 1000)
2002 January-June
Countries
I. OECD COUNTRIES
Inflow to
Zones
%
Outflow
from
Zones
%
%
Total
1.105.927
49,7
596.963
23,7
1.702.890
35,9
A.EU COUNTRIES
833.706
37,5
526.857
20,9
1.360.563
28,7
B. OTHER OECD COUNTRIES
272.221
12,2
70.106
2,8
342.327
7,2
II. OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
17.142
0,8
32.844
1,3
49.986
1,1
III.TURKIC REPUBLICS
75.147
3,4
44.347
1,8
119.494
2,5
IV.FORMER USSR
54.864
2,5
48.118
1,9
102.982
2,2
V.ISLAMIC COUNTRIES
72.267
3,2
124.897
5,0
197.164
4,2
VI.OTHER COUNTRIES
232.968
10,5
78.591
3,1
311.559
6,6
VII.TURKEY
666.373
30,0
1.596.636
63,3
2.263.009
47,7
2.224.688
100
2.522.397
100
4.747.085
100
TOTAL
TURKEY
Foreign Investment in TURKEY
• The Turkish Goverment considers foreign capital as an
essential tool in economic development
• The foreign investment legislation provide:
 a secure environment through bi/multileteral agreements,
 transfer of profits, fees and royalties,
 the repetriation of capital.
TURKEY
Foreign Investment in TURKEY
• Cumulative foreign capital between 1954-1980 was
only 280 million US $
• At the end of 2001 foreign investment the amount has
reached to 29,2 billion US $
• There are over 5456 enterprises with foreign
partnership in operation in various sectors
• Leading investors are France, USA, Netherlands,
Germany, Switzerland, UK, Italy and Japan
TURKEY
Foreign Investment in TURKEY
Figures of 2000
• 61.4 % of Foreign Investment were in Services,
• 36.4 % in Manufacturing,
• 2.2 % in Mining and Agriculture.
Sub-sectors with the greatest amount of authorized foreign investment
include
• Banking (13.9 %);
• Trade (8.1 %);
• Food, Beverage and Tobacco Processing (6.5 %);
• Chemicals (6 %);
• Electronics and Electrical Machinery (3.5 %).
TURKEY
Foreign Investment in TURKEY
Cumulative Foreign Investment Permissions
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Country
France
Netherlands
Germany
United States
United Kingdom
Switzerland
Italy
Japan
Belgium
Saudi Arabia
Others
Total
Value ($mil.) Share
5,419.3 18.6
3,967.3 13.6
3,697.3 12.6
3,347.5 11.5
2,055.8 7.0
2,030.4 6.9
1,882.7 6.6
1,507.3 5.2
377.7 1.3
298.7 1.0
4,638.0 15.9
29,224.4 100.0
TURKEY
Foreign Investment in TURKEY
Cumulative Foreign Investment Permissions
France
Netherlands
Germany
United States
United Kingdom
Switzerland
Italy
Japan
Belgium
Saudi Arabia
Others
TURKEY
Banking in TURKEY
• Turkish finance is principally founded upon a universal banking
system following EU practices on capital adequacy
• Number of banks operating in Turkey increased to 75
• The banking system has undergone a rapid technological
transformation in the past decade
• Automatic Telling Machines (ATMs), Point of Scale (POS) terminals
and Internet Banking are part of everyday business
• At the end of 1998, 7,471 ATMs and 107,335 machines were installed
• Moreover, nearly 19.3 million bank cards have been issued
• All major banks offer Internet Banking Services for corporate
users and individuals
TURKEY
Banking in Turkey
Foreign Exchange Controls
•
There are no known foreign-exchange limits placed on importers by the
government.
•
There are no restrictions on the transfer of funds in or out of the country.
•
Turkish Lira (TL) is fully convertible.
•
Most international transactions are, however, denominated in U.S. dollars or
German marks due to these currencies‘ universal acceptance and the
continuing monetary uncertainty caused by Turkey's high inflation rate.
•
Banks are allowed to deal in foreign exchange and to borrow and
lend in foreign currencies.
•
Foreign exchange is freely traded and widely available.
TURKEY
LOGISTICS
Forwarders Profile
Data of UTIKAD
Turkish Freight Forwarders’ Association
• 186 Companies / 228 Offices
• 10.000 Employees
• 30 Bonded Warehouses
• 150.000 sqm Bonded Area
• 7 Billion Tonnes Cargo Yearly Forwarded
(30% of Total Moved)
TURKEY
TRANSPORT SECTOR
Logistics Multi-Nationals in Turkey
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
DANZAS
SCHENKER
KUHNE & NAGEL
PANALPINA
FRANS MAAS
CIRCLE
EXEL
•
•
•
•
EXPEDITORS
MILITZER & MUNCH
HAMANN HELLMANN
MAERSK LOGISTICS
TURKEY
TRUCKING
Biggest Fleet
in Europe
Customs Borders
• 2 to Bulgaria
• 2 to Greece
• 3 to Georgia
• 2 to Armenia (n.act.)
• 22.000+ Vehicles
• Member of IRU
• CMR Party
• 3 to Iran
• 2 to Iraq
• 2 to Syria
TURKEY
SEAFREIGHT
A Sea Trade Country
• 7.200 km Coastline
• 12 ports at Black Sea
• 32 ports at Marmara Sea
• 72%
of Exports
• 36 ports at Izmit Ind. Zone
• 14 ports at Agean Sea
• 14 ports at Mediterrenean
• 95%
of Imports
TURKEY
SEAFREIGHT
Shipping Lines Calling Istanbul Ports
EUROPEAN SIDE
ADMIRAL
AMERICANASHIP
BCL
CONTSHIP
COSCO
CTE
DELMAS LINE
EL KENZ
EMES
GRIMALDI
HANJIN SHIPPING LINE
HAPAG-LLOYD
ITALIAN LINE
K LINE
LYKES
MAERSK-SEALAND
MCL
MEDEX
ASIAN SIDE
MSC
NORASIA
NORMED
OTAL LINE
SARLIS
SENATOR
SUDCARGOS
TARROS LINE
TM LINES
TMM
TURKON
UASC
YANG MING LINE
AMERICANASHIP
ARMADA
BORCHARD
BULCON
CANMAR
CMA
CONTAZ
CONTSHIP
CTE
DELMAS LINE
ELLERMAN
EMES
GRACECHURCH
HAMBURG SÜD
HAPAG-LLOYD
ITALIAN LINE
MAERSK-SEALAND
MCL
MEDEX
MISK
NORASIA
OOCL
P&O NEDLLOYD
SARLIS
SENATOR
UASC
YANG MING LINE
ZIM
TURKEY
SEAFREIGHT
A Turkish Line Calling US Ports
•
•
•
•
•
100% Turkish Private Capital
Established in 1997 as First Private Turkish Liner Operator
5 x 1145 TEU Capacity Container Carriers
Departs from ISTANBUL / GEMLIK / IZMIR
Route 1: GENOA / MARSEILLE / BARCELONA / NEW YORK /
NORFOLK / CHARLESTON / LISBON / BARCELONA /
MARSEILLE / GENOA / ISTANBUL
• Route 2: MERSIN / ASHDOD / HAIFA / ALEXANDRIA / ISTANBUL
• Fastest Service to US
• Biggest Market Share at TR-US Inbound/Outbound Container Traffic by 30%
• Own Vessels Built at Own Shipyard
• 60.000 TEU Handled in 2001
TURKEY
SEAFREIGHT
Container Handling At State Railway Ports
CONT.
LOADING
20'
UNLOADING
40'
20'
40'
YEARS
FULL
EMPTY
FULL
EMPTY
FULL
EMPTY
FULL
EMPTY
1999
158545
28122
125558
27460
100480
77194
108216
42679
2000
154554
35482
128935
43867
113896
72955
138788
36632
Importance of Agean and Mediterrenean Ports
CONT.
LOADING
20'
UNLOADING
40'
20'
40'
2000
FULL
EMPTY
FULL
EMPTY
FULL
EMPTY
FULL
EMPTY
IZMIR
61%
15%
49%
18%
26%
80%
31%
76%
MERSIN
21%
29%
27%
40%
31%
15%
34%
17%
TURKEY
SEAFREIGHT
RO-RO Transportation
Became Necessary During The Balkan War
To Maintain Truck Traffic To/From Europe via Italy
A Cost Effective
Multimodal
Solution
Routes
• For Truck Ops
+ Clients
• Less Customs Passages
• No Transhipment(s)
• Istanbul – Trieste (I)
• Cesme – Trieste (I)
• Samsun – Novorossiysk (RUS)
• Zonguldak – Evpatoria (UKR)
TURKEY
IMPORTANCE OF EU-INTEGRATION
Total Export & Import Sea Cargo Loads*
SEA CARGO
EXPORTS
EXPORTS
IMPORTS
IMPORTS
in Million Tonnes
1999
2000
1999
2000
USA / Canada/Mexico
1,29
2,75
4,23
5,69
16,12
15,96
11,25
14,06
0,01
0,06
2,63
2,19
EU
Austr. / NZL / Japan / Korea
* Turkish Chamber of Shipping Commerce
TURKEY
AIRFREIGHT
40 Airports Total / 19 International
Istanbul:
3 Airports for
Cargo Handling
• Ataturk – European Side
• Corlu – European Side
• S. Gokcen - Asian Side
Multimodal:
Truck + Air
For US/Canada
via Greece
• Shorter Transit Times
Than Containerized Exports
• Atractive Cost Reductions
for Exporters
TURKEY
AIRFREIGHT
Export ex Istanbul
Total
Chargable kg
%
Total Net-Net
USD
%
1,116,028.6
23.21%
$1,995,861.89
30.05%
Origin
Destination
IST ISTANBUL
NORTH AMERICA
IST ISTANBUL
CENTRAL AMERICA
36,903.7
0.77%
$86,728.27
1.31%
IST ISTANBUL
SOUTH AMERICA
38,573.2
0.80%
$136,282.48
2.05%
IST ISTANBUL
EUROPE
2,350,722.6
48.88%
$2,901,353.82
43.68%
IST ISTANBUL
MIDDLE EAST
832,034.9
17.30%
$897,003.72
13.51%
IST ISTANBUL
JAPAN / KOREA
104,413.5
2.17%
$206,311.88
3.11%
IST ISTANBUL
SOUTH EAST ASIA
217,673.6
4.53%
$267,852.19
4.03%
IST ISTANBUL
ASIAN SUB CONTINENT
85,412.0
1.78%
$90,977.15
1.37%
IST ISTANBUL
SOUTH WEST PACIFIC
27,410.1
0.57%
$59,576.45
0.90%
4,809,172.2
6,641,947.9
TURKEY
AIRFREIGHT
Export Total ex Turkey
Istanbul
9%
2%
Ankara
Izmir
Total Chargable kg
Total Net-Net
USD
4,809,172.2
6,641,947.9
IZM IZMIR
449,771.4
693,946.7
ANK ANKARA
118,576.5
182,329.5
5,377,520.1
7,518,224.1
IST ISTANBUL
89%
TOTAL
TURKEY
TURKISH AIRLINES
• The
State Owned National Carrier
• 90 International Destinations
• 30 Domestic Destinations
Uçak Tipi
Adet
Koltuk Kapasitesi
Toplam Kapasite
A-310-300
5
1 (208), 4 (210)
1.048
A-340-300
7
271
1.897
B-737-400
14
150
2.100
B-737-500
2
117
234
B-737-800
26
10 (155), 16
(165)
4.190
RJ-70
3
79
237
RJ-100
7
99
693
TOPLAM
64
10.399
TURKEY
AIRFREIGHT
A Successful Turkish Carrier
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•
•
•
•
100% Turkish Private Capital
Established in 1996
5 x Airbus A300 Cargo Aircraft
1 x Airbus A300B4-203 Passenger Aircraft
Provides ACMI, Block-Space and Ad-Hoc Charter Contracts to
-> Lufthansa, Turkish Airlines, Air France, Cargolux,
United Parcel Service, Federal Express and Royal Jordanian Airways
• Regular Cargo Flights from ISTANBUL IST to
-> LONDON LUTON
4 Flights
-> FRANKFURT HAHN
2 Flights
-> PARIS CDG
3 Flights
• STANDART & POORS - B STABLE CREDIT DEGREE
• BEST EUROPEAN CARGO CARRIER IN LAST THREE YEARS
GENEL TRANSPORT
Who We Are
A Group of Companies
-> GENEL TRANSPORT
Forwarding & NVOCC
-> VIKING CARGO
IATA Air Cargo Agent
-> TET CONSULTING
IT Solution Provider
GENEL TRANSPORT
GENEL TRANSPORT
Forwarding & NVOCC
• Active In All Aspects of
Forwarding Since 1988
• Developes and Refines
Services & “Products”
• ATLAS Member since 1999
GENEL TRANSPORT
VIKING CARGO
IATA Air Cargo Agent
• Founded in 1999
• Handles Solely Air Cargo
(incl. Chartering)
• As of Dec. 2001:
A TOP 50 IATA Company
(out of 130)
GENEL TRANSPORT
TET CONSULTING
IT Solution Provider
• Founded in 1996
• Developes & Maintains
General IT Frameworks
& Logistics Bases
• Ranks At No 2
Amongst Best Support IT Companies
GENEL TRANSPORT
Regular Container Services
Weekly Direct LCL Departures ex Turkey
• Tunis – Tunisia
• Casablanca - Marocco
• Alexandria - Egypt
• Ashdod - Israel
• New York - USA
• Worldwide Destinations via
• Antwerp/Rotterdam
GENEL TRANSPORT
Regular Trucking Services
Groupage LTL + Multimodal Transhipments
Weekly LTL
ex Istanbul
Weekly LTL
to Istanbul
Container
+ Truck
•
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•
•
•
•
•
•
• Transhipments
to
C.I.S.
Countries
Germany
France
UK
Benelux
Iran
Saudi Arabia
Jordan
Germany
France
UK
Benelux
GENEL TRANSPORT
Some Project Shipments
GSM Equipment for AZERCELL ex ERICSSON Turkey
Ankara – Baku
240 tons
in 1998
GSM Equipment for KAZAKHCELL ex ERICSSON Turkey
Ankara – Almaty
260 tons
in 1999
HUGHES Satellite Communication Equipment for DEXAR
USA various – Istanbul
5800 cbm
in 2000
NORTHERN TELECOM ISP Equipment for HEXCOM
USA various – Istanbul
2350 cbm
in 2000
TELECOM ITALIA GSM 1800 Infrastructure Equipment for ISBANK
Milan-Istanbul
1280 cbm
in 2001
MAZAK CNC Turning Sets for FORM MAKINA
Leicester UK-Istanbul
1274 cbm
in 2001
GENEL TRANSPORT
http://www.geneltransport.com.tr
TURKEY
SHIPPING INTO TURKEY
MASTER AWB / Ocean B/L
s/ WCA Freight Forwarder
c/ Your Local Agent [GENEL TRANSPORT]
HOUSE AWB / Ocean B/L
s/ Actual Shipper
c/ Actual Consignee or Advising Bank
IMPORTANT:
• The Weight / Volume and Number of Pieces
Mentioned on the Master and the House Must be the
Same
TURKEY
SHIPPING VIA TURKEY
MASTER AWB / Ocean B/L
s/ WCA Freight Forwarder
c/ Your Local Agent [GENEL TRANSPORT]
n/ Consignee at Final Destination / 3rd Country
HOUSE AWB / Ocean B/L
s/ Actual Shipper
c/ Actual Consignee or Advising Bank
• IMPORTANT:
All Shipping Documents Should Have the Remark:
“IN TRANSIT VIA TURKEY TO ........... ”
TURKEY
CUSTOMS CLEARENCE
Documents Required From the Overseas Shipper:
•
•
•
•
•
Original Commercial Invoice
Packing List
Shipping Documents
A.TR for the Goods originated from or Pre-cleared at EU
EURO 1 (Free trade agreement)
Documents Required from the Importer
• Power of Attorney
• Tax Office Registration Proof
• Import License (for certain commodity groups)
TURKEY
IMPORT/EXPORT
Documentation
• Turkish documentation procedures follow the European Union
system.
• A commercial invoice,
• a certificate of origin
• and a bill of lading ,or airway bill, depending on the method of
shipment used,
must accompany all commercial shipments.
• Import licenses and phytosanitary certificates are necessary for food
and agricultural commodity imports.
TURKEY
IMPORT/EXPORT
Documentation
•
Commercial Invoice:
The commercial invoice must be submitted in triplicate,
including the original copy;
and must contain a complete description of the
goods
and all required payment terms.
•
Bill of Lading:
Details in the bill of lading should correspond exactly to those
given in other shipping documents.
TURKEY
PROCEDURES
HouseHold & Personnel Effects
Documents required:
-
Detailed Packing List - Item by Item
Original Invoice for Brandnew Items
The Passport of the Owner of the Goods
Working and Residence Permit
Shipping Documents
Power of Attorney from Public Notary
TURKEY
BUSINESS CUSTOMS
Habits
•
The Turkish people feel close to their traditions and culture.
•
However, having ties with western countries, Turkish people in major cities
have adopted a western way of life. A foreigner visiting any one of the large
cities in Turkey will find himself or herself in an atmosphere similar to that
of a contemporary western city.
•
There are no local customs, beyond the bounds of normal courtesy, that a
visiting businessman should feel compelled to observe.
•
In general, a personal relationship is an important basis for a successful
business relationship in Turkey. It is usually important to allow time for
friendly conversation before commencing with a business agenda.
•
Business cards are almost always exchanged, and visitors are usually offered
a glass of tea or a cup of Turkish coffee.
GENEL TRANSPORT
TURKEY
Country Presentation
THANKS FOR YOUR
ATTENTION
September 2002 – Istanbul, Turkey