History
of
American Popular
Music
•••••••••
The Early
1960s
EARLY 1960s MUSIC
A. At the end of the 1950s, music ______INNOVATION______ slowed
1. New music was ______BLAND______ and _____WATERED DOWN______________
2. Singers from the late 50s got ____OLDER______
a. Their _________SONG MATERIAL___________ didn’t appeal to the new, energetic
_________GENERATION__________ of kids
B. In the late 50s, recording companies began “creating” young ______TEEN IDOLS______
1. They ______GROOMED_______ young male singers who girls would find attractive
a. Turned them into substitute _______BOYFRIENDS ______ for girls to dream about
2. They were very ________POPULAR____________
3. But their music was very ______TAME_______
4. They seemed to ______FADE AWAY__________ as quickly as they became popular
5. Some teen idols and their songs:
a. _______FRANKIE AVALON—”VENUS” (1959) ______
1) Starred in a popular series of musical ________“BEACH”_________ movies
b. _______FABIAN—”TURN ME LOOSE” (1959)____
c. _______PAUL ANKA—”PUPPY LOVE” (1960)______
d. _______RICKY NELSON—”HELLO MARY LOU” (1961) ______
e. _______NEIL SEDAKA—”BREAKING UP IS HARD TO DO” (1962)______
1) Trained to become a __________CONCERT PIANIST__________ but got into pop music
2) Also __________________WROTE HIT SONGS_______________ for other singers
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C. The _______BRILL BUILDING_________ became a hub in the music industry
1. Located in _____NEW YORK CITY ________
2. Housed many _______MUSIC INDUSTRY______ businesses
a. By 1962, there were ______165_____ music companies in the building
3. In this one building, a person could:
a. _____WRITE_______ a song
b. Hire a someone to ______ARRANGE______ your song
c. Pay to get ______COPIES_______ of your song
d. Book time in a _______STUDIO_______ to record your song
e. Hire ______MUSICIANS_______ to cut a _____DEMO_____ of your song
f. ___SELL______ your song to:
1) ______PUBLISHERS_______
2) ______RECORD COMPANIES___________
3) ______ARTISTS___________
4) ______RADIO PROMOTERS_____________
D. Four main categories of music in the Early 60s:
1. _____________EAST COAST DOO-WOP_____________
2. _____________R&B / SOUL_______________________
3. _____________CALIFORNIA SURF__________________
4. _____________THE MOTOWN SOUND_____________
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EAST COAST DOO-WOP
A. Had origins in the _____A CAPELLA______ street corner groups from 50s urban areas
1. Did not usually _______WRITE THEIR OWN MUSIC_______________
2. There were many people ____BEHIND THE SCENES______________
a. _______SONGWRITERS _________
b. _______PRODUCERS ___________
c. _______MANAGERS ____________
d. _______STUDIO MUSICIANS ______
B. The sound of young ______VOCAL GROUPS________ became very popular
1. This included ______GIRL GROUPS__________
a. In 1962 _______MORE THAN HALF__________ of all the #1 R&B hits were by girl groups
C. East Coast Doo-Wop groups:
1. _______THE SKYLINERS—“SINCE I DON’T HAVE YOU” (1959) __________
a. From _______PITTSBURGH _________
2. _______THE SHIRELLES—“WILL YOU LOVE ME TOMORROW” (1960)__________
3. _______LITTLE EVA—“THE LOCO-MOTION” (1962)__________
4. _______ THE FOUR SEASONS—“SHERRY” (1952)__________
5. _______THE CHIFFONS—“ONE FINE DAY” (1963)__________
6. _______THE SHANGRI-LAS—“LEADER OF THE PACK” (1964)__________
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R&B AND SOUL
A. In the 1960s, Rhythm & Blues continued to have a heavy ____GOSPEL_____ sound
B. Artists mixed the ______SACRED______ and ______WORLDLY______
1. Called it _______SOUL_________
C. R&B and Soul hits
1. _______”THE TWIST”—CHUBBY CHECKER_________
a. Biggest _______DANCE CRAZE _________ since the 1920s
2. _______”HIT THE ROAD JACK”—RAY CHARLES (1960)_________
3. _______”STAND BY ME”—BEN E. KING (1961)_________
4. _______”CUPID”—SAM COOKE (1961)_________
5. _______”UNDER THE BOARDWALK”—THE DRIFTERS (1964)_________
6. _______”YOU’VE LOST THAT LOVING FEELING”—THE RIGHTEOUS BROTHERS (1964)_________
7. _______”IN THE MIDNIGHT HOUR”—WILSON PICKETT (1965)_________
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CALIFORNIA SURF
A. The first California surf music was __________INSTRUMENTAL______________
1. Characteristics were meant to imitate the sound of the _____WHITE WATER______ of the surf:
a. ________FRANTIC DRUM BEAT______________
b. ________RUMBLING BASS LINE______________
c. ________THUNDERING GUITAR ______________
1) This music helped to define modern ______ROCK GUITAR SOLOS_______
2. Instrumental surf songs:
a. _____”MISIRLOU”—DICK DALE AND THE DEL-TONES _____
1) ________”KING OF SURF GUITAR” ______________
b. _____”WIPE OUT”—THE SURFARIS _____
B. ________THE BEACH BOYS______________________ added vocal harmonies to the surf sound
1. ___________”CALIFORNIA GIRLS”_______________
2. ___________“FUN, FUN, FUN”_________________
3. ___________“SURFIN’ USA”___________________
C. Surf music had a very carefree and _________”FUN IN THE SUN”________ feeling
1. It became so popular, it was even used for _______TV THEMES SONGS _________
a. _____”HAWAII 5-0”—THE VENTURES _____
b. _____”THE MUNSTERS”—THE VENTURES _____
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MOTOWN
A. Motown Records was founded in 1959 in _______DETROIT, MICHIGAN___________
1. “The Motor City”—Home of the three major ________AUTO MANUFACTURERS__________
2. Founded by _______BARRY GORDY__________
3. Nicknamed _______”HITSVILLE, USA”__________
B. Motown Records was very _______SIGNIFICANT___________ but not just for its music
1. Established during the height of the _____CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT ________
2. First business to be both _____BLACK OWNED______ and _____BLACK CENTERED_______
C. The music became known as __________”THE MOTOWN SOUND”___________
1. Catchy _____MELODIES_________
2. Back-and-forth singing between singers—____LEAD_____ and _____BACK-UP_____
3. Lots of _____BRASS INSTRUMENTS__________
4. Driving _____BASS LINES_________
5. Steady _____DRUM BEATS_________
6. Lots of _____HAND CLAPPING______ and _____TAMBOURINES_____
7. When performing live—______CHOREOGRAPHY__________
D. Motown songs:
1. _____”PLEASE MR. POSTMAN”—THE MARVELETTES (1961)_________
2. _____”SHOP AROUND”—SMOKEY ROBINSON AND THE MIRACLES (1961)_________
3. _____”PRIDE AND JOY”—MARVIN GAYE (1963)_________
4. _____”BABY LOVE”—THE SUPREMES (1964)_________
5. _____”MY GIRL”—THE TEMPTATIONSH (1964)_________
6. _____”NOWHERE TO RUN”—MARTHA AND THE VANDELLAS (1965)_________
In 1964 a new sound would come to the US from across the seas
and change the face of American pop music forever.
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