Atom
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Week #1 Quarter 2 (10/16-10/18) (calendar site) Warm Up – Wed/Thurs, 10/16 & 10/17 I.S. Learning Goal: •I can describe the features and components of the atom. Daily Question: What are the feature and components of the atom? Activities/Assignments: 1. Sign-up for Reminder 101 2. Quarter Reflection Sheet 3. Facebook Notebook Cover 4. Review notes on: Matter Atomic Models Pick Up: Worksheets on table Have out: Worksheets you picked up Homework: 1. Weekly Check Sheet due Monday, 10/21 2. New Notebook due Monday for a stamp 3. Memorize the first 20 elements on the periodic table for a test on 11/13 or 11/14 She says she is not a victim and will NEVER give up! So inspirational! She was 14 when she was shot, and is now 16 about to get a Nobel Peace Prize for her fight for education. You fill in with S, N, or U You write Comments I stamp each day Parents sign on weekend for each day Quarter Reflection Sheet Complete the handout and turn in front bin! Facebook Page Cover for Notebook Quietly Create your Facebook Page Cover sheet for your notebook • Write your First and Last Name above the word “wall”. • In the “Search Button” write “I.S. Quarter 2”. • In the “What are you doing?” box write “Chemistry and Astronomy Unit”. • Answer the questions: • Personal Learning Goal for this Quarter (list 5) • What will you do to reach this goal? (list 5) • What do you know about Chemistry and Astronomy? (list 2) • List 2 clubs, sports or other activities you do (school appropriate) • Who are your friends who can help you reach your goals? (list 2) • Who in your family can help you reach your goals? (list 2) • Draw two pictures relating to Chemistry or Astronomy in the box on the top left using 4 colors. DATE PAGE # PAGE TITLE DATE PAGE # PAGE TITLE 10/16 & 10/17 1 Table of Contents 10/16 & 10/17 2 Table of Contents 10/16 & 10/17 3 Quarter 10/16 & Reflection Sheet 10/17 4 Matter Graphic Organizer 10/16 & 10/17 5 Diagram Models 10/16 & Worksheet 10/17 6 Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer LEARNING GOAL & SCALE What students will be able to apply by the end of this course? Students use scientific processes: questioning, planning and conducting investigations, using appropriate tools and techniques to gather data, thinking critically and logically about relationships between evidence and explanations, and communicating results. What students will be able to do by the end of this unit according to State Standards? Learning Goals: I can understand how to identify, categorize, and organize substances. 5 85% & Above 4 75% Mastery 3 60% 2 50% 1 25% In addition to Level 4, I can make connections to real-world applications and content in other Investigative Science units. I can correctly: Describe substances based on their physical properties. Describe substances based on their chemical properties. Predict properties of elements and compounds using trends of the periodic table (e.g., metals, non-metals, bonding – ionic/covalent). Describe the following features and components of the atom: o protons o neutrons o electrons o mass o organization o structure o number and type of particles I can correctly complete most of Level 4. I can correctly complete Level 4 only with guidance. I am unable to complete Level 4, even with guidance. Complete Matter Graphic Organizer The Building Blocks of Matter: Atoms - ++ + + + + + + - - - - Complete Matter Graphic Organizer Matter • Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume) – Examples: • • • • A brick has mass and takes up space A desk has mass and takes up space A pencil has mass and takes up space Air has mass and takes up space All of the above examples are considered matter because they have mass and take up space. Can you think of anything that would not be considered matter? I.S. Learning Goal: •I can describe the features and components of the atom. Matter is made of atoms Complete Diagram Models Worksheet Models Models are often used for things that are too small or too large to be observed or that are too difficult to be understood easily Complete Diagram Models Worksheet Models In the case of atoms, scientists use large models to explain something that is very small Models of the atom were used to explain data or facts that were gathered experimentally. So, these models are also theories Complete Diagram Models Worksheet Early Models of the Atom Democritus Universe was made of empty space and tiny bits of stuff Called these tiny bits of stuff atomos Atoms could not be divided Complete Diagram Models Worksheet Early Models of the Atom Lavoisier Demonstrated that burning wood caused no change in mass Law of Conservation of Matter Complete Diagram Models Worksheet Early Models of the Atom Dalton All elements are composed of indivisible particles. Atoms of the same element are the same Atoms of different elements are different. Compounds consisted of atoms of different elements combined together Complete Diagram Models Worksheet Early Models of the Atom Thomson Plum pudding model Atom made of a positively charged material with the negatively charged electrons scattered through it. Complete Diagram Models Worksheet Early Models of the Atom Rutherford Mostly empty space Small, positive nucleus Contained protons Negative electrons scattered around the outside Complete Diagram Models Worksheet Early Models of the Atom Bohr Electrons move in definite orbits around the nucleus Complete Diagram Models Worksheet Early Models of the Atom Chadwick Discovered the neutron Complete Diagram Models Worksheet Modern Model of the Atom The electron cloud Sometimes called the wave model Spherical cloud of varying density Varying density shows where an electron is more or less likely to be I.S. Learning Goal: •I can describe the features and components of the atom. Week #1 Quarter 2 (10/16-10/18) (calendar site) Warm Up – Friday, 10/18 I.S. Learning Goal: •I can describe the features and components of the atom. Daily Question: What are the feature and components of the atom? Activities/Assignments: 1. Structure of an Atom 2. Periodic Table Warm-up Review 3. Forces in an Atom Notes Pick Up: Worksheets on table Have out: Worksheets you picked up Homework: 1. Weekly Check Sheet due Monday, 10/21 2. New Notebook due Monday for a stamp 3. Memorize the first 20 elements on the periodic table for a test on 11/13 or 11/14 LEARNING GOAL & SCALE What students will be able to apply by the end of this course? Students use scientific processes: questioning, planning and conducting investigations, using appropriate tools and techniques to gather data, thinking critically and logically about relationships between evidence and explanations, and communicating results. What students will be able to do by the end of this unit according to State Standards? Learning Goals: I can understand how to identify, categorize, and organize substances. 5 85% & Above 4 75% Mastery 3 60% 2 50% 1 25% In addition to Level 4, I can make connections to real-world applications and content in other Investigative Science units. I can correctly: Describe substances based on their physical properties. Describe substances based on their chemical properties. Predict properties of elements and compounds using trends of the periodic table (e.g., metals, non-metals, bonding – ionic/covalent). Describe the following features and components of the atom: o protons o neutrons o electrons o mass o organization o structure o number and type of particles I can correctly complete most of Level 4. I can correctly complete Level 4 only with guidance. I am unable to complete Level 4, even with guidance. DATE PAGE # PAGE TITLE DATE PAGE # PAGE TITLE 10/16 & 10/17 1 Table of Contents 10/16 & 10/17 2 Table of Contents 10/16 & 10/17 3 Quarter 10/16 & Reflection Sheet 10/17 4 Matter Graphic Organizer 10/16 & 10/17 5 Diagram Models 10/16 & Worksheet 10/17 6 Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer 10/18 7 Periodic Table of 10/18 Elements Warmup Review 8 Forces of an Atom Graphic Organizer Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer Atoms • Smallest possible unit into which matter can be divided, while still maintaining its properties. - - + + + + - - • Made up of: For example, what is the + – protons smallest possible unit which a long essay can be – into neutrons divided and still have some meaning? – electrons - • The solar system is commonly used as an analogy to describe the structure of an atom Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer Atoms are so small that… • • • • • • it would take a stack of about 50,000 aluminum atoms to equal the thickness of a sheet of aluminum foil from your kitchen. www.deckersfoods.com if you could enlarge a penny until it was as wide as the US, each of its atoms would be only about 3 cm in diameter – about the size of a ping-pong ball a human hair is about 1 million C-C-C-C-C-… + 999,995 more carbon atoms wide. a typical human cell contains roughly 1 trillion atoms. 1 trillion atoms a speck of dust might contain . 3x1012 (3 trillion) atoms. Is made of approximately 3 trillion atoms it would take you around 500 years to count the number of atoms in a grain of salt. Just one of these grains Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer Protons (+) • Positively charged particles • Help make up the nucleus of the atom • Help identify the atom (could be considered an atom’s DNA) • Equal to the atomic number of the atom • Contribute to the atomic mass • Equal to the number of electrons - + ++ + ++ + + + - - Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer Neutrons - ++ + + ++ + + - - • Neutral particles; have no electric charge • Help make up the nucleus of the atom • Contribute to the atomic mass Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer Electrons (-) • Negatively charged particles • Found outside the nucleus of the atom, in the electron orbits/levels; each orbit/level can hold a maximum number of electrons ( 1st = 2, 2nd = 8, 3rd = 8 or 18, etc…) • Move so rapidly around the nucleus that they create an electron cloud • Mass is insignificant when compared to protons and neutrons • Equal to the number of protons • Involved in the formation of chemical bonds - - ++ + + ++ + + - - Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer Hydrogen (H) Atom • Notice the one electron in the first orbital + = 1 - = 0 - = 1 + Even though there are no neutrons present, Hydrogen is still considered an atom How many more electrons can fit in the 1st orbital/ level? Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer Oxygen (O) Atom • Notice the two electrons in the first orbital/level and the six in the second + = 8 - = 8 - - = 8 ++ + + + + + + - - - - How many more electrons can fit in the 2nd orbital/ level? Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer Sodium (Na) Atom • Notice the two electrons in the first orbital/level, eight in the second, and one in the third - + = 11 - = 12 - - = 11 ++ + + + + + + - - - - - How many more electrons can fit in the 3rd orbital/ level? Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer The Atom’s “Center” • Protons and neutrons are grouped together to form the “center” or nucleus of an atom. Notice that the electrons are not apart of the nucleus - + + + - - Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer QUARKS • Particles that make up protons and neutrons Notice the smaller particles that make up this neutron after you take a closer look. + What do you notice about the number of quarks in the neutron and proton? Notice the smaller particles that make up this proton after you take a closer look. Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer Sub-Atomic Particles Weight Comparison (protons, neutrons, electrons) Neutron = 1.6749286 x10-27 kg Proton = 1.6726231 x10-27 kg Electron = 9.1093897 x10-31 kg - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1839 electrons = 1 neutron + 1836 electrons = 1 proton + How do you think the mass of a neutron compares to that of a proton? 1 neutron ≈ 1 proton Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer Sub-atomic Particles Size Comparison (protons, neutrons, electrons, & quarks) - - Size in atoms Size in meters (m) Atom 1 10-10 Nucleus __1__ 10,000 10-14 Proton or Neutron ___1___ 100,000 10-15 ++ + + + + + + Electron or Quark _____1____ 100,000,000 10-18 - - - (at largest) - - Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer Atomic Number • The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom - - + ++ What would be the atomic number of this atom? - Complete Atomic Structure Graphic Organizer Mass Number • • The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus Expressed in Atomic Mass Units (amu) – Each proton or neutron has a mass of 1 amu What would be the mass number of this atom? + - 3 + ++ 4 3 protons + 4 neutrons = a mass number of 7 amu Why did we not account for the electrons when calculating the mass number? - - I.S. Learning Goal: •I can describe the features and components of the atom. Complete the Periodic Table of Elements Warmup Worksheet 12 minutes!! Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet If there are only about 100 types of elements in the world, why are there so many different kinds of matter? Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet Elements can combine in many different ways to form many different types of matter. Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet Where are the metals, nonmetals, and metalloids located in the periodic table? Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet • Metals - are on the left side • Nonmetals – are on the right side • Metalloids – are on a slanting line between the metals and nonmetals Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet Which group of elements on the periodic table does not readily combine with other elements? Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet Group 18 - the Noble Gasses Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet Describe metalloids. Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet Elements having properties of both metals and nonmetals. Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet Germanium, with an atomic number of 32, is not a metal or a non-metal, but a metalloid. – Describe where metalloids are found on the periodic table, with respect to the metals and non-metals. Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet Metalloids are found in between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table. Their position tells us that they have some of the characteristics of metals and some characteristics of non-metals. For example, germanium conducts electricity, but not as well as true metals. Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet Elements are organized in the periodic table in such a way that there are patterns of elements placed close together that have similar properties. For example, knowing the properties of one element in a column of the periodic table will help a person predict the properties of other elements in that same column. –Describe two properties common to elements found at the far left of the periodic table. –Describe two properties common to elements found at the far right of the periodic table. Complete Periodic Table of Elements Warm-up worksheet On the far left side of the periodic table the elements are all metals. So, they are solids at room temperature and are good conductors of heat and electricity. One the far right side of the periodic table, the elements are gases at room temperature. They are colorless and nonreactive. I.S. Learning Goal: •I can describe the features and components of the atom. Complete Forces of an Atom Graphic Organizer FORCES IN THE ATOM • Gravitational Force • Electromagnetic Force • Strong Force • Weak Force Complete Forces of an Atom Graphic Organizer Gravitational Force • The force of attraction of objects due to their masses • The amount of gravity between objects depends on their masses and the distance between them Do you think this force plays a significant role in holding the atom together? Complete Forces of an Atom Graphic Organizer Electromagnetic Force • The force that results from the repulsion of like charges and the attraction of opposites • The force that holds the electrons around the nucleus Why are neutrons not pictured above? + + + - Notice how the particles with the same charge move apart and the particles with different charges move together. Complete Forces of an Atom Graphic Organizer Strong Force • The force that holds the atomic nucleus together • The force that counteracts the electromagnetic force If you need help remembering strong force, just think of… Notice how the electromagnetic force causes the protons to repel each other but, the strong force holds them together. + + + + Would an atom have a nucleus if the strong force did not exist? Weak Force • This force plays a key role in the possible change of sub-atomic particles. – For example, a neutron can change into a proton(+) and an electron(-) Notice how the original particle changes to something new. n +- • The force responsible for radioactive decay. – Radioactive decay process in which the nucleus of a radioactive (unstable) atom releases nuclear radiation. If you need help remembering weak force, just think of… I.S. Learning Goal: •I can describe the features and components of the atom.
