1
Biographical Sketch
Bruce S. Kang
Professor, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department
West Virginia University
Morgantown, WV 26506-6106
Tel. (304) 293-3232; Fax (304) 293-6689; Email: Bruce.Kang@mail.wvu.edu
EDUCATION
Ph. D. Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, August 1987
M.S.M.E. Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, August 1981
B.S. Hydraulic Engineering, National Cheng-Kung Univ., June 1976
PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYMENT
Professor, Mechanical and Aerospace Engr. Dept., WVU, 2004 – present
Associate Professor, Mechanical and Aerospace Engr. Dept., WVU, 1993 – 04
Assistant Professor, Mechanical and Aerospace Engr. Dept., WVU, 1987 - 93
Summer Faculty Research Participant, High Temperature Materials Lab., ORNL, 5/92 - 8/92
Research and Teaching Assistant, Mechanical Engr. Dept, University of Washington, 1979-87
CURRENT RESEARCH
Dr. Kang's current research activities include: (i) SOFC and CO2 re-use, (ii) Biomass energy
conversion, (iii) High temperature materials (Cr-, Mo- and Ni-alloys, fuel cell materials, and TBC) for
advanced power systems, (iv) surface material property evaluation using micro/nano indentation.
and (v) NDE/NDT and experimental structural stress analysis.
COURSES TAUGHT
(undergraduate) Statics, Mechanics of Materials, Intermediate Mechanics of Materials, Dynamic and
Mechanical of Materials Laboratory, Aerospace Structures
(graduate) Continuum Mechanics, Advanced Mechanics of Materials, Elasticity, Inelastic Behavior of
Materials, Fracture Mechanics, Experimental Stress Analysis, Finite Element Analysis
EXTERNAL RESEARCH GRANTS (2000 to present)
1. P.I., “Wearing Tests of Kinnametal Test Alloys,” Kinnametal Inc., $15,000, 7/15/2014 to 2/15/2015.
2. P.I., “Micro-indentation Testing of ODS Thin Film Matrix Materials,” URS, 11/15/02 to
11/15/04, $19,575.
3. P.I., “Mechanical Properties of Torrefied Biomass,” NETL RDS/URS WVU/UPitt/CMU Program,
6/15/09 to 12/31/11, $148,000.
4. P.I., “3D Reconstruction and Image Enhancement for the NETL UDA X-Ray Video Systems,” NETL
RDS/URS WVU/UPitt/CMU Program, 4/1/08 to 12/31/10, $371,795.
5. Co-P.I., “Direct Utilization of Coat Syngas in High Temperature Fuel Cells,” DOE/WVU EPSCoR
Program, 10/2006 to 12/2013, ~ $1,000,000/year for Kang, (6 WVU faculties, I. Celik (P.I.)).
6. P.I., “Thermal Barrier Coatings for Advanced Oxy-Fuel and Hydrogen Turbines,” NETL RDS/URS
WVU/UPitt/CMU Program, 7/17/06 to 9/30/13, ~$620,000.
7. Co-P.I., “Warm Air Drying of Fine Particles,” DOE CAST Program, 7/26/06 to 9/30/13, $525,644,
(with E. Johnson (P.I.)),
8. P.I., “In-Situ Mechanical Property Measurement and Influence of Carbon and Oxygen on Grain
Boundary Strength of Molybedenum Alloys,” DOE Fossil Energy Materials Program, 06/23/05 to
06/30/08, $300,000, (with B. Cooper and M. Seehra (WVU Physics Dept.).
9. P.I., “Ductility Enhancement of Molybdenum Phse by Nano-sized Oxide Dispersions,” DOE/NETL
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University Coal Research Program, 08/01/05 to 07/31/08, $200,000, (with B. Cooper and M. Seehra
(WVU Physics Dept.).
P.I., “Evaluation of a Functional Interconnect System for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell,” ATI (Allegheny
Technologies) Wah Chang, 7/1/05 to 8/30/06, $70,000.
Co-P.I., “Developing Novel Costing for SOFC Interconnects,” NETL RDS Program, 9/1/05 to
9/30/06, $132,589, (with X. Liu (P.I.) and C. Johnson (NETL)).
Co-P.I., “Multifunctional Metallic and Refractory Materials for Energy Efficient Handling of Molten
Metals,” DOE IOF Program, 3/1/04 to 2/28/07, $425,000/year, (with E. Barbero (P.I.), Carl Irwin, X.
Liu, T. Damiani, and B.Gopalakrishnan), ~$70,000/yr for Kang.
P.I., “On-Line Monitoring and Diagnosing of Coal Fines During Separation Process,” DOE CAST
Program, 4/01/03 to 9/30/06, $216,354, (with E. Johnson).
P.I., “Evaluation of Silver Cermet as Contacting Material in Cathode Chamber of a Sokid Oxide Fuel
Cell,” 07/01/04 to 12/31/05, $100,822.
Co.-P.I., “Separation of Small Particles Due to Density Differences in a CFB Riser System,” DOE
CAST Program, 9/17/01 to 9/15/05, $187.706, (with E. Johnson (P.I.)).
P.I., “Integrated Research for Predicting Higher Dimensional Phase Diagrams with Emphasis on
Ternary Diagrams of Molybdenum, Silicon, and Boron,” DOE Fossil Energy Materials Program,
1/15/02 to 5/15/05, $166,800, (with B. Cooper (Physics Dept.).
P.I., “Understanding and Improving High-Temperature Structural Properties of Metal-Silicide
Intermetallics,” DOE/EPSCoR, 7/15/01 to 7/14/05, $449,988, (with B. Cooper (Physics Dept.)).
P.I., “Development and Utilization of Test Facilities for the Study of Candle Filter Surface
Regeneration,” DOE/NETL, 10/1/1999 to 12/31/2002, $232,000 (with E.K. Johnson).
19. Co-P.I., “Life Improvement of Pot Hardware in Continuous Hot Dripping Processes,”
DOE/IOF, 4/01 to 7/05, $1,800,000 (DOE: $1,188,000, WVU Cost Sharing:$612,000),
(with E. Barbero (P.I.), Carl Irwin, K.M. Chang, J. Loth, G. Morris, and B.Gopalakrishnan,
$46,428/yr for Kang and a $90,000 equipment budget to conduct surface analysis, long-term
pot bearing wear tests, and micro-identation tests).
20. Co-P.I., “An Integrated Methodology for Three-Dimensional Visualization of Subsurface
Microcracks,” DOD/AFOSR EPSCoR, 4/1/01 to 3/31/04, $653,910, (with K.M. Chang, B. Cooper,
M. Seehra, and D. Lederman (P.I.)).
Recent Patent Awarded:
“Method of Producing an Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Coating and Micro-Channels”, Bruce S. Kang
(WVU), Mary Anne Alvin (NETL), Minking K. Chou (U Pitt), Brian M. Gleeson (U Pitt), US Patent no.
8609187, 12/17/2013.
“A High Temperature Rechargeable Battery for Greenhouse Gas Decomposition and Oxygen
Generation”, Bruce S Kang and Guo Huang, US Patent No. 8658311, granted, 2/25/2014.
SELECTED JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS (2000 to present)
1. B.S.-J.Kang, D.W. Lyons and P.C. Upadhyay, “Application of Moire Interferometry to the
Analysis of Residual Stresses in Metal-Matrix Composites,” J. of Reinforced Plastics and
Composites, Vol.19, pp.69-82, 1/2000.
2. B.S.-J.Kang, D.W. Lyons and P.C. Upadhyay, “Frature Behavior of Notched Unidirectional
Boron/Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite Under Bending,” J. of Reinforced Plastics and
Composites, Vol.19, pp. 832-847, 11/2000.
3. B.S.-J. Kang and S.M. Anderson, “Experimental Investigation of 3-D Crack-Tip Deformation using
Combined Moire-Sagnac Interferometry” ASME J. of Pressure Vessel Technology, Vol.123, (2001).
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4. X. Liu, B. Kang, and K.M. Chang, “The Effect of Hold-Time on Fatigue Crack Growth Behaviors of
WASPALOY Alloy at Elevated Temperature,” Materials Science & Engineering A, vol.341/1-2, pp.2-8,
(2002).
5. B.S.-J. Kang, X. Liu, C. Cisloiu, and K.M. Chang, “High Temperaure Moire Interferometry
Investigation of Creep Crack Growth of Inconel 783-Phase Effects,” Material
Science and Engineering A, A347, 205-213, (2003)
6. X. Liu, B.Kang, W. Carpenter and E. Barbero, “Investigation of the Crack Growth Behavior of Inconel
718 by High Temperature Moire Interferometry,” J. of Materials Science vol.39, 1967-1973, (2004).
7. Johnson, E., Regester, J., and Kang, B., “Fluidized Bed Riser as a Dry Particle Separation System”,
Minerals & Metallurgical Processes, vol. 22, no.3, August, (2005).
8. B. Kang, Z. Yao, and E.J. Barbero, “Post-Yielding Stress-Strain Determination Using Spherical
Indentation,” Mechanical aof Advanced Materials and structures, vol.13, 129-138 (2006).
9. N. Ma, B.R. Cooper, and B.Kang, “Tight-binding Study of Thermal Expansions for Mo3Si,” Journal of
Applied Physics, 99, 053514, (2006).
10.C. Feng and B. Kang, “A transparent Indenter Measurement Method for Mechanical Property
Evaluation,” Experimental Mechanics, vol. 1, 1-14, (2006).
11.B. Kang and R. Cisloiu, “Evaluation of Fracture Behavior of Iron Aluminides,” Theoretical and
Applied Fracture Mechanics, vol.45, no. 11, 25-40, (2006).
12.C. Feng and B.S.-J. Kang, “Residual Surface Deformation Analyses Using Spherical
Indentation,” Journal of Experimental Mechanics, Vol.22, No.3-4, August, (2007).
13.C. Feng and B.S.-J, Kang, “Young's Modulus Measurement Using a Simplified Transparent
Indenter Measurement Technique,” Experimental Mechanics,pp.9-15,Vol.48,No.1, Feb. (2008).
14.N. Ma, B. Cooper, J. Lewis and B. Kang, ”Criteria for Ductility in Cr Alloys Based on
Electronic Structures,” Applied Physical Letters, 93, 241903-241906, December, (2008).
15.C. Feng & J.M. Tannenbaum & B.S. Kang & M.A. Alvin, “A Load-Based Multiple-Partial
Unloading Micro-Indentation Technique for Mechanical Property Evaluation,” Experimental
Mechanics, Vol. 50, No.6, pp. 737-743, July (2010).
16.Huang Guo, Gulfam Iqbal, and Bruce S. Kang, “Development of an In-situ Surface
Deformation and Temperature Measurement Technique for SOFC Button Cell,” International
Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 7 (1) 55-62 (2010).
17.Gulfam Iqbal, Huang Guo, Bruce S. Kang, and Olga A. Marina, “Durability Prediction of
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode Material under Thermo-mechanical and Fuel Gas Contaminants
Effects,” International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 8[1] 13-22 (2011).
18.Huang Guo, Gulfam Iqbal, and Bruce S. Kang, “Effects of PH3 Contaminant on SOFC
Performance and Related Anode Surface Temperature Measurements,” International Journal of
Applied Ceramic Technology, 8[1] 68-73 (2011).
19.Huang Guo, Gulfam Iqbal, and Bruce S. Kang, “Investigation of Secondary Phases due to PH3
Interaction with SOFC Anode,” Advances in Materials Science for Environmental and Nuclear
Technology II: Ceramic Transaction, Vol. 227 51-60 (2011).
20.Gulfam Iqbal, Suryanarayana Raju Pakalapati, Francisco Elizalde-Blancas, Huang Guo, Ismail
Celik, and Bruce S. Kang, “PEN Structure Thermal Stress Analysis for Planar-SOFC
Configurations under Practical Temperature Field,” Advances in Materials Science for
Environmental and Nuclear Technology II: Ceramic Transaction, Vol. 227 61-68 (2011).
21.Gulfam Iqbal and Bruce Kang, “Elastic Brittle Damage Model of Ni-YSZ and Predicted
Stress–Strain Relations as a Function of Temperature and Porosity,” Journal of Fuel Cell
Science and Technology, Vol. 8, October (2011).
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22.D.T. Van Essendelft, X. Zhou, and B.S.-J. Kang, “Grindability determination of torrefied
biomass materials using the Hybrid Work Index,” to be published in Fuel, DOI:
10.1016/j.fuel.2012.06.008, on-line publication July 2012.
23.B. S.-J. Kang, H. Guo, G. Iqbal，and A. Manivannan, ‘CO2 Conversion into C/CO using
ODF Electrodes with SOEC,’ to be published in The American Ceramic Society's Ceramic
Transactions. The American Ceramic Society's Ceramic Transactions, DOI:
10.1002/9781118511435, 2013.
24. L. Ma, B. S.-J. Kang, M. A. Alvin, and C. C. Huang, “Characterization of oxide-dispersionstrengthened (ODS) alloy powders processed by Mechano- Chemical-Bonding (MCB) and
balling milling (BM),” KONA Powder and Particle Journal, no.31, January 2014.
25. Kevin Luo, Andrew C. Nix, Bruce S. Kang, Dumbi A. Otunyo, “Effects of Syngas Particulate
Fly Ash Deposition on the Mechanical Properties of Thermal Barrier Coatings on Simulated
Film-Cooled Turbine Vane Components”, International Journal of Clean Coal and Energy, 3,
54-64, November 2014.
CONFREENCE PAPERS (past eight years)
1. C. Feng, B. S. Kang, A Transparent Indenter Measurement Method for Mechanical Property
Evaluation, Experimental Mechanics, p91-103, Vol.46, No.1, Feb (2006).
2. Chuanyu Feng, Bruce S. Kang, Young’s Modulus Measurement Using a Transparent Indenter
Measurement Method, Proceedings of the 2006 SEM Annual Conference and Exposition on
Experimental and Applied Mechanics, St Louis, MO, June 4-7, (2006).
3. C. Feng, M. Alvin and B. S.-J. Kang, “A Micro-Indentation Method for Assessment of TBC
Bond Coat Systems,” Materials Science & Technology 2007 Conference and Exhibition,
Detroit, Michigan, September 16-20, (2007).
4. C. Feng and B. S.-J. Kang, “A Simple Indentation Measurement Technique for Surface
Mechanical Property Evaluation,” Materials Science & Technology 2007 Conference and
Exhibition, Detroit, Michigan, September 16-20, (2007).
5. Varadarajan and B. S.-J. Kang, “Mechanism and growth of dross on the submerged pot
hardware in galvalume (GL) bath,” Materials Science & Technology 2007 Conference and
Exhibition, Detroit, Michigan, September 16-20, (2007).
6. T.-B. Sheppard and B. S.-J. Kang, “Development Of Candidate Silver Cermet Contact
Materials For Cathode Side In Solid Oxide Fuel Cell,” Materials Science & Technology 2007
Conference and Exhibition, Detroit, Michigan, September 16-20, (2007).
7. Ashok Varadarajan, Bruce Kang and Mark Bright (2007 Gtech), “Dross Formation
Mechanisms On Stainless Steel Hardware In a Zinc-55%Aluminum Bath,” (GalvaTech’07),
7th International Conference on Zinc and Zinc Alloy Coated Steel Sheet, Osaka, Japan, Nov.
18-22, (2007).
8. N. Ma, B.R. Cooper, C. Feng and B.S.-J. Kang, “Ductility Enhancement of Mo Phase by
Nano-sized Oxided Dispersions,” UCR/HBCU Conference, Pittsburgh, June 10-11, (2008).
9. B. S.-J. Kang, C. Feng, and J. M. Tannenbaum M.A. Alvin, “A Load-based Depth-sensing
Indentation Technique for NDE and Life Assessment of Thermal Barrier Coatings,”
Proceeding of ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Lang, Sea and Air GT2009 Orlando,
Florida, June 8-12, (2009).
10. Gulfam Iqbal, Huang Guo, and Bruce S. Kang, “Reliability Model of SOFC Anode Material
under Thermo-Mechanical and Fuel Gas Contaminants Effects,” Proceeding of the ASME 7th
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International Fuel Cell Science, Engineering & Technology Conference, Newport Beach, CA,
June 8-10, (2009).
11. Huang Guo, Gulfam Iqbal, and Bruce S. Kang, “In-situ Measurement of Surface Deformation
and Temperature of SOFC Button Cell as a Function of Current Density,” Proceeding of the
ASME 7th International Fuel Cell Science, Engineering & Technology Conference, Newport
Beach, CA, June 8-10, (2009).
12. Huang Guo, Gulfam Iqbal, and Bruce S. Kang, “In-situ Surface Deformation and Temperature
Measurement of SOFC Button Cell,” 2009 Society for Experimental Mechanics (SEM)
Annual Spring Conference, Albuquerque, NM, June 1-4, (2009).
13. Gulfam Iqbal, Huang Guo, and Bruce Kang, “Reliability Model of Planar SOFC Anode
Material Exposed to PH3,” Proceeding of Material Science & Technology 2009, Pittsburg, PA,
October 25-29, (2009).
14. Huang Guo, Gulfam Iqbal, and Bruce S. Kang, “Effects of PH3 Contaminant on SOFC
Performance and Related Anode Surface Temperature Measurements,” Proceeding of
Material Science & Technology 2009, Pittsburg, PA, October 25-29, (2009).
15. J. M. Tannenbaum, B. J. Conklin, B. S.-J. Kang and M. A. Alvin, “Development of a High
Temperature Micro-Indentation Technique for Material Mechanical Property Evaluation up to
1200°C,” TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition, Seattle, Washington, February 14-18, (2010).
16. Huang Guo, Gulfam Iqbal, and Bruce S. Kang, “Effects of Phosphine on Solid Oxide Fuel
Cell Performance and Related Anode Surface Temperature Measurement,” Proceeding of
2010 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition, Seattle, WA, February 14-18, (2010).
17. Gulfam Iqbal, Huang Guo, Bruce S. Kang, “Reliability Model for the Anode of Planar SOFC
Configurations under Syngas Contaminants,” Proceeding of 2010 TMS Annual Meeting &
Exhibition, Seattle, WA, February 14-18, (2010).
18. Huang Guo, Gulfam Iqbal, and Bruce S. Kang, “Phosphine Effects on Ni-based Anode
Material and Related SOFC Button Cell Performance Investigation,” Proceeding of ASME
2010 8th Fuel Cell Science, Engineering & Technology Conference, Brooklyn, New York,
June 14-16, (2010).
19. J. M. Tannenbaum, B. S.-J. Kang and M. A. Alvin, “Non-Destructive TBC Spallation
Detection by a Micro-Indentation Method,” ASME Turbo Expo, Glasgow, United Kingdom,
June 14-18, (2010).
20. J. M. Tannenbaum, C.-N. Chou, B. S.-J. Kang and M. A. Alvin, “A Portable Load-Based
Micro-Indentation Technique for On-Site Mechanical Property Evaluation of Structural
Components,” MS&T Annual Conference & Exhibition, Houston, Texas, October 17-21,
(2010).
21. J. M. Tannenbaum, K. Lee, B. S.-J. Kang and M. A. Alvin, “Non-Destructive Spallation
Prediction of Thermal Barrier Coatings by a Load-Based Micro-Indentation Technique,”
MS&T Annual Conference & Exhibition, Houston, Texas, October 17-21, (2010).
22. J. M. Tannenbaum, K. Lee, B. S.-J. Kang and M. A. Alvin, “Non-Destructive Thermal Barrier
Coating Spallation Prediction by a Load-Based Micro-Indentation Technique,” ASME
International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, Vancouver, British Columbia,
November 12-18, (2010).
23. K. Lee, J. M. Tannenbaum, B. S.-J. Kang and M. A. Alvin, “A Load-Based Depth-Sensing
Indentation Technique for Elastic-Plastic Material Mechanical Property Evaluation,” ASME
International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, Vancouver, British Columbia,
November 12-18, (2010).
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24. J. M. Tannenbaum, B. S.-J. Kang and M. A. Alvin, “Material Performance of TBCs at High
Temperature in Moisture-Containing Environments Using a Load-based Micro-indentation
Technique,” Proceeding of 2011 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition, San Diego, CA,
February 27-March 3, (2011).
25. J. M. Tannenbaum, K. Lee, B. S.-J. Kang and M. A. Alvin, “The Development of a NonDestructive Multiple Partial Unloading Micro-Indentation Technique for Thermal Barrier
Coating Spallation Prediction,” Proceeding of 2011 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition, San
Diego, CA, February 27-March 3, (2011).
26. Huang Guo, Gulfam Iqbal, and Bruce S. Kang, “PH3 Effects on the Electrochemical
degradation of SOFC Anode,” ASME 2011 9th Fuel Cell Science, Engineering & Technology,
Washington DC, August 7-10, (2011).
27. K. Lee, J. M. Tannenbaum, B. S.-J. Kang and M. A. Alvin, “A Multiple Partial Unloading
Indentation Technique for Elastic-Plastic Mechanical Property Evaluation: Numerical and
Experimental Investigation,” MS&T Annual Conference & Exhibition, Columbus, Ohio,
October 16-20, (2011).
28. B. S.-J. Kang, H. Guo and G. Iqbal, “CO2 Conversion into C/CO using ODF Electrodes with
SOEC,” MS&T Annual Conference & Exhibition, Columbus, Ohio, October 16-20, (2011).
29. M.A. Alvin, D. Zhou, K. Klotz, B. Warnes, B. Gleeson, B. Kang, J. Tannenbaum,
“Development and Assessment of Coatings for Future Power Generation Turbines,”
Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Shaping the Future of Turbines, GT2012,
Copenhagen, DE, June 11-15, (2012).
30. H. Guo, B. S.-J. Kang and A. Manivannan, “Carbon Dioxide Decomposition and Oxygen
Generation via SOEC,” PRIME 2012, Honolulu, Hawaii, Oct. 7-12, (2012).
31. B. S.-J. Kang and H. Guo, “CO2 Conversion and O2 Generation Using ODF-based SOEC,”
International Pittsburgh Coal Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, Oct. 15-18, (2012).
32. M.A. Alvin, J. Klinger, B. McMordie, B. Gleeson, M. Chyu, S. Siw, N. Miller, B.V.K. Reddy,
I. Anderson, A. Heidloff, S. Ekkad, S. Ramesh, C. LeBianc, and B. Kang, “NETL Research
Efforts on Development and Integration of Advanced Material Systems and Airfoil Cooling
Configurations for Future Land-Based Gas Turbine Engines,” ASME Turbo Expo 2014,
GT2014, June 16-20, 2014.
33. H. Guo, B.S.-J. Kang, S. Siw, M. Chyu, “Development of a High Temperature Rechargeable
Battery System for GHG Mitigation and Energy Storage,” 2014 International Pittsburgh Coal
Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, October 6 – 9, 2014.
34. Belachew N. Amare, Bruce S.-J. Kang, Mary Anne Alvin, “Stiffness Response of Oxide
Scales on Nickel-based ODS Alloys Exposed to Thermal Cyclic Oxidation,” MS&T 2014 –
Materials Science & Technology Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, Oct. 12-16, 2014.
LIST OF STUDENTS AND RESEARCH ASSOCIATES INVOLVED IN PROJECT RESEARCH
(Current) (Ph.D) R. Dodrill, D. Otunyo, B. Amare
(Visiting Scholar) H. Guo
(2012 Graduated) (MS) D. Otunyo
(Ph.D) I. Gulfam, H. Guo
(2011 Graduated) (MS) X. Zhou, C. Chou
(Ph.D) J. Tannenbaum, K. Lee, T. Hamrick
(2004-2010 Graduated)
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(MS) (2004) V. Ashok, K. Ramkumar, M. Zhang, K.H. Tan, R. Srikanth, V. Srividya, (2005) C.K. Lee,
K. Anand, R. Kamil, A. Aurelio, (2006) J. Sakacski, (2007) T. Sheppard, (2008) J. Tannenbaum,
A. Lin
(Ph.D) (2005) Z. Yao, (2006) C. Feng, (2007)J. A. Noriega , (2008) V. Ashok