Allison R. Webel, PhD, RN
IAS, 2011
Abstract MOAC0105
August 18, 2011
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• None to declare
• The contents of this presentation are solely the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
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•“ Aggregate or potential resources which are linked to possession of a durable network of more or less institutionalized relationships of mutual acquaintance or recognition” 1-2
•
.
Aspects of social capital have been linked to reduced HIV transmission behaviors 3-5
• Studies used different methods of assessment of social capital
• Literature lacks a general description of social capital, and a description of its health correlates, in a diverse sample of PLWH
1:Bourdieu 1985, p248;2:Portes, 1998; 3: Bhattacharya., 2005; 4:
Frumence , 2010;5: Pronyk et al., 2008
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•Describe levels of social capital in an international sample of adults living with HIV/AIDS;
•Provide evidence for the validity of the individual-level,
Social Capital Scale in this population; and
•Determine the nature of associations between social capital, physical and psychological health, social support, and HIV status among PLWH.
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6

.
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Demographic Information (n=1,963)
Frequency (%) Mean (+/- SD)
Self-Reported HIV Indicators (n=1,963)
Frequency (%) Mean (+/- SD)
Age (years)
Gender
45.2 (9.4) Year Dx’d with HIV
Prescribed ART 1,578 (80.4)
1998 (7.4)
Male 1,341 (69.0)
Female
.
Transgender
552 (28.4)
45 (2.3)
Has AIDS Diagnosis 816 (42.5)
Undetectable Viral
Load 1,716 (87.4)
Viral Load 29,406 (87,605)
Race
Asian/Pacific
Islander
African
American/Black
230 (11.9)
755 (39.9)
HIV Transmission Method
Sex with a man with
HIV 1,286 (71.1%)
Sex with a woman with HIV 465 (28.5)
Hispanic/Latino 400 (20.7)
Sharing needles 482 (28.8)
White/Angelo 439 (22.7)
Blood transfusion 174 (10.9)
Education Level
11th grade or less 544 (28.0)
Do not know 165 (11.5)
High School or GED
2 yrs college/AA
4 yrs college/BS/BA
746 (38.3)
411 (21.1)
193 (9.9)
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•Describe levels of social capital in an international sample of adults living with HIV/AIDS;
Social Capital Scale in this population; and
•Determine the nature of associations between social capital, physical and psychological health, social support, and HIV status among PLWH.
9

.
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•Increased social capital in PLWH than previously reported
•Differences by geographic region; and
.
•Suggests a relationship between social capital and perceived health in PLWH
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•Describe levels of social capital in an international sample of adults living with HIV/AIDS;
Social Capital Scale in this population; and
•Determine the nature of associations between social capital, physical and psychological health, social support, and HIV status among PLWH.
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Principle Components Factor Analysis with (Promax)
Oblique Rotation
Factor
.
Community
Factor 2: Friends and Family
Factor 3: Tolerance and Diversity
Factor 4: Neighborhood Connections
Factor 5: Feelings of Trust and Safety
Nonloading Items
Items Eigenvalue Percent Variance Explained
6 4.59
14.8
4
4
3
9
5
4.43
3.39
2.87
2.3
2.18
14.3
12.6
9.3
7.4
7
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•Describe levels of social capital in an international sample of adults living with HIV/AIDS;
Social Capital Scale in this population; and
•Determine the nature of associations between social capital, physical and psychological health, social support, and HIV status among PLWH.
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Bivariate Correlation Coefficients 1 between Social
Capital and Mental Health Variables Adult PLWH
Country Sample
Size
Mental
Health QoL
Depression
CESD
Anxiety IVDU
Canada
.
China
Namibia
Puerto Rico
Thailand
United States
Total
100
107
102
100
100
1,454
1,963
-0.03
0.08
0.005
0.14
0.15
0.01
0.02
-0.01
-0.005
0.08
0.10
0.14
-0.01
-0.002
-0.08
-0.15
-0.11
-0.15
-0.18
-0.02
-0.05
0.12
-0.03
0.11
-0.10
0.11
0.02
0.02
Alcohol
Use
-0.12
0
0.19
-0.22
0.18
0.03
0.03
1 Range -1 to 1 where 0 indicates no relationship and -1/1 indicated a strong relationship
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Bivariate Correlation Coefficients 1 between Social
Capital and Self-Reported Health Condition in PLWH
Country Sample Size Physical
Condition
China
100
107
0.17
0.28
Namibia
Puerto Rico
Thailand
United States
Total
102
100
100
1,454
1,963
0.35
0.06
0.03
0.25
0.25
Psychological
Condition
0.21
0.21
0.35
0.17
0.26
0.32
0.31
Social
Support
0.25
0.34
0.33
0.25
0.30
0.37
0.36
1 Range -1 to 1 where 0 indicates no relationship and -1/1 indicated a strong relationship
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•
•
•
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• This is the first report to quantitatively describe levels of total social capital in a large, international sample of PLWH;
• Researchers can be confident that the Social Capital Scale is
. an appropriate measure of social capital in PLWH;
• Our findings add to the growing evidence of the relationship between social capital and health, uniquely describing this relationship in PLWH;
• Health interventions that emphasize increasing total social capital in PLWH can be built upon our descriptive findings
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Acknowledgements
Members of the International HIV/AIDS Nursing Research Network
J. Craig Philips, PhD
University of British Columbia
Kathleen Nokes, PhD
Hunter College, CUNY
Carol Dawson Rose, PhD
Mallory Johnson, PhD
Carmen Portillo, PhD
University of California, San Francisco
William L. Holzemer, PhD
Lucille Eller, PhD
Dean Wantland, PhD
Rutgers College of Nursing
Wei-Ti Chen, DNSc
Yale University
Lynda Tyer-Viola, PhD
Inge B. Corless, PhD
MGH Institute of Health Professions
Marta Rivero-Mendez, DNS
University of Puerto Rico
Patrice Nicholas, DNSc
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Jeanne Kemppainen, PhD
University of North Carolina Wilmington
Scholastika Iipinge, PhD
University of Namibia
Kenn Kirksey, PhD
Seton Family of Hospitals
Puangtip Chaiphibalsarisdi, PhD
Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University
Joachim Voss, PhD
University of Washington
Robert A. Salata, MD
Case Western Reserve University
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This project was supported in part by:
NIH UL1 RR024131; NIH T32NR007081; NIH KL2RR024990; NIH R15NR011130;
International Pilot Award, University of Washington CFAR; University of British
.
Columbia School of Nursing Helen Shore Fund;
Duke University School of Nursing Office of Research Affairs;
Rutgers College of Nursing; and
City University of New York.
Theses funding agencies had no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the paper for publication
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