From
Student Research

• Number-two
• Origin-posterior aspect of dorsal ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line
• Insertions-primarily in fascia lata at the illiotibial band, also in the gluteal tuberosity on posterior femoral side
• Action-major extension of hip joint, assists in laterally rotating the thigh
• Innervation-inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
• Other facts- largest of the gluteal muscle, allows people to walk upright

• Number-two
• Origin-dorsal ilium inferior to iliac crest
• Insertion-lateral and superior surfaces of greater trochanter
• Action-major abductor of thigh
• Innervation- superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
• Other facts- as you walk the gluteus medius muscles supports full upper body weight and every one pound of extra body weight adds two pounds to the workload, also stabilizes the hips

• Number-two
• Origin-dorsal ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines
• Insertion-anterior surface of greater trochanter
• Innervation-superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
• Action-abduction of the hip
• Other facts- smallest gluteal muscle

• Origin: Entire anterior surface of the subscapularis fossa.
• Insertion: the lesser tuberosity of humerus and capsule of shoulder joint.
• Action: rotates the head of the humerus medially(internal rotation); when the arm is raised, it draws the humerus forward and downward.
• Innervation: Subscapular nerve (C5,C6)

• Origin- superolateral surfaces of upper 8 or 9 ribs at the side of chest
• Insertion- Vertebral border of scapula
• Innervation – Long Thoracic Nerve (C5,C6,C7)

• Origin: just superior to articular surfaces of the lateral and medial condyles of the femur.
• Insertion: posterior calcaneus via the Achilles
Tendon
• Action: plantar flexes the foot, and it also flexes the knee.
• Innervation: tibial nerve (S1 -
S2)

• Origin: posterior superior fibula and tibia
• Insertion: Posterior calcaneous via Achilles
Tendon
• Action: plantar flexion.
• Innervation:tibial nerve,
(L5-S2)

• Long Head- From infraglenoid tuberosity of the scapula
• Lateral Head- From posterior and lateral surface of the Humerus
• Medial Head- From lower posterior surface of the Humerus
• Insertion: Upper posterior surface of the olecranon and the deep forearm fascia
• Action: extension of the forearm, stabilize shoulders
• Innervation: radial nerve

• Origin: Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1- C4
• Insertion: Upper part of the medial border of scapula
• Action: Raises medial border of scapula
• Innervation: Anterior primary rami of C3 and C4 and dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

• Origin: Coracoid process of scapula.
• Insertion: Mid-medial surface of humerus.
• Action: Flexes and adducts arm at shoulders.
• Innervation: musculoskeletal nerve and partly by the radial nerve.

Origin: anterior surface of lateral clavicle, acromion process and spine of scapula.
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: flexes & medially rotation, abduction
Innervation: Axillary nerve

• Origin: supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
• Insertion: Radial tuberosity and aponeurosis of forearm
• Action: flexes elbow
• Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve

Origin: anterior, distal half of the humerus
Insertion: Coroniod process and tuberosity of ulna.
Function: Flexes forearm at the elbow.
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve

• Origin: anterior iliac crest, lateral half of inguinal ligament, and thoracolumbar fascia
• Insertion: costal cartilages of ribs 8-12: abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
• Innervation: lower intercostal nerves, as well as the iliohypogastric nerve and the ilioinguinal nerve
• Action: flexes, rotates and laterally flexes torso at lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebral levels, compresses abdomen

• Origin: external surfaces of ribs 5-12
• Insertion: anterior iliac crest and abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
• Actions: flexes vertebral column (draws thorax downward), rotates vertebral column (torso), laterally flexes vertebral column (torso), compress abdomen.
• Innervation: The external oblique muscle is innervated by ventral branches of the lower 6 intercostal (thoracoabdominal) nerves and the subcostal nerve on each side.

•
Origin: Spinous process of T2-T5 vertebrae.
•
Insertion: Medial border of scapula inferior to spine of scapula.
•
Actions: Retracts and elevates the medial border of scapula while it downwardly rotates the lateral angle.
•
Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve (C5).

•
Origin: perineal body or central tendinous point of the perineum
•
Insertion: encircles the anal canal; superficial fibers attach to coccyx.
•
Action: constricts the anal canal
•
Innervation: inferior rectal nerves (from the pudendal nerve)

• Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine
• Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity via patellar tendon, patella and patellar ligament.
• Action: Extends leg at knee, flexes thigh at hip
• Innervation: Femoral nerve
(L2-L3)

• Origin: Ischial Tuberosity
• Insertion: Head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia.
• Action: : Extends femur, flexes knee, laterally rotates leg if knee is flexed
• Innervation: Tibial part of sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2)

Biceps Femoris

Buccinator
Origin: Alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible
Insertion: Orbicularis Oris
Function: Compresses cheek into the teeth for chewing.
Innervation: Deep buccal branches of the facial nerve (C.N. VII)

Zygomaticus
Origin: Anterior surface of zygomatic bone
Insertion: Fascia and fibers of orbicularis oris at angle of mouth
Function: Elevates and draws angle of mouth laterally
Innervation: zygomatic and buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII)

• Origin:
• Insertion: middle third of the linea aspera.
• Function: adduct and laterally rotate the femur.
• Innervation: obturator nerve ( )

• Origin:
• Insertion: Adductor tubercle on the medial condyle of the femur and linea aspera
• Action: Medial rotator when the leg is rotated outwards and flexed, extends the hip joint
• Innervation: posterior division of the obturator nerve ( ) and tibial nerve.

Origin: Medial Epicondyle (Common Flexor Tendon) and Coronoid Process of Ulna
Insertion: Middle of the lateral surface of the shaft of the radius.
Function– Pronation and flexion of the forearm
Innervation: Median Nerve

• Origin: Medial, anterior surface of the Ulna
• Insertion: Lateral, anterior surface of the Radius
• Function:
• Innervation: Median Nerve (Anterior interosseous
Nerve)

• There are 2 groups of Hamstring Muscles (3 muscles in each leg)
• They are located on the posterior thigh.
– Semitendinosus:
• Origin: upper in quadrant of posterior surface of ischial tuberosity
• Insertion: Upper medial shaft of tibia below gracilis
• Function/Action: Flexes and medially rotates knee. Extends hip
• Nerve Supply: Tibial portion of sciatic nerve.
– Semimembranosus:
• Origin: upper outer quadrant of posterior surface of ischial tuberosity
• Insertion: medial condyle of tibia below articular margin, fascia over popliteus and oblique popliteal ligament
• Function/Action: Flexes and medially rotates knee. Extends hip
• Nerve Supply: Tibial portion of sciatic nerve (L5, S1)

Origin: Long head; upper inner quadrant of posterior surface of ischial tuberosity. Short head; middle third of linea aspera, lateral supracondylar ridge of femur.
Insertion: Styloid process of head of fibula. Lateral collateral ligament and lateral tibial condyle.
Action: Flexes and laterally rotates knee. Long head extends hip.
Nerve Supply: Long head; tibial portion of sciatic nerve.
Short head; common peroneal portion of sciatic nerve
(both L5, S1)

• 2 groups of Quadricep Muscles ( 4 muscles in each leg)
• They cover the front and sides of the thigh.
– Rectus Femoris:
• Origin: Straight head; anterior inferior iliac spine. Reflected head; ilium above acetabulum.
• Insertion: Quadriceps tendon to patella, via ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia.
• Function/Action: Extends leg at knee. Flexes thigh at hip.
• Nerve Supply: Posterior division of femoral nerve (L3, 4)
– Vastus Lateralis (Externus):
• Origin: Upper intertrochanteric line, base of greater trochanter, lateral linea aspera, lateral supracondylar ridge and lateral intermuscular septum.
• Insertion: Lateral quadriceps tendon to patella, via ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia.
• Function/Action: Extends knee.
• Nerve Supply: Posterior division of femoral nerve (L3, 4)

– Vastus Intermedius:
• Origin: Anterior and lateral shaft of femur.
• Insertion: Quadriceps tendon to patella, via ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia.
• Function/Action: Extends knee
• Nerve Supply: Posterior division of femoral nerve (L3,4)
– Vastus Medialis (Internus):
• Origin: Lower intertrochanteric line, spiral line, medial linea aspera and medial intermuscular septum.
• Insertion: Medial quadriceps tendon to patella and directly into medial patella, via ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia.
• Function/Action: Extends knee, Stabilizes patella.
• Nerve Supply: Posterior division of femoral nerve (L3, 4)

• ORIGIN - medial orbital margin and lacrimal sac
• INSERTION - Lateral palpebral raphe
• ACTION - Closes eyelids, aids drainage of tears
•
• NERVE - Temporal and zygomatic branches of facial nerve ( CN VII)

• Orbicularis Oris
ORIGIN - Near midline on anterior surface of maxilla and mandible
INSERTION - Mucous membrane of margin of lips and raphe with buccinator at modiolus
ACTION - Narrows orifice of mouth, purses lips and puckers lip edges
NERVE -

UNIQUE INFORMATION #
ORBICULARIS
OCULI
ORBICULARIS
ORIS
-Facial paralysis affects the orbicularis oculi muscle.
-The inability to close the eye causes it to dry out, resulting in pain or blindness.
2
-In common language, the orbicularis oris is often referred to as "the kissing muscle."
1

* There is only 1 Frontalis muscle in the human body.
* The Frontalis is located across the top of the Frontal
Bone.
* The Frontalis are joined together above the root of the nose and to the top of
The Frontal Bone.

• Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
* Function: Facial expressions such as lifting skin of forehead and eyebrows.

• There is only one Occipitalis muscle in the human body.
• The Occipitalis is located
Along the back of the head
Across the Occipital Bone.
• The Occipitalis is joined
Together by tendinous fiber
Running from the Occipital
Bone.

• Function: Moving the scalp posterior
• Innervation: Facial Nerve (CN VII)

• How Many: 2
• Origin: Upper two thirds of lateral shaft of fibula
• Insertion: Tarsal and metatarsal bones
• Action: Plantar flexion and eversion of foot; also supports arch
• Innervation: Superficial peroneal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

• How Many: 2
• Origin: Anterior surface of fibula
• Insertion: Dorsal surface of the base of the 5th metatarsal
• Action: Dorsiflexion and eversion of foot
• Innervation: Deep peroneal nerve (L5, S1)

• Origin: Anterior - upper half of lateral shaft of tibia and interosseous membrane. Posterior – Upper half of posterior shaft of tibia and upper half of fibula between medial nerve crest and interosseous border, and interosseous membrane.
• Insertion: Anterior – Inferomedial aspect of medical cuneiform and base of 1 st metatarsal. Posterior – Tuberosity of navicular bone and all tarsal bones (except talus) and spring ligament.
• Action: Anterior – Extends and inverts foot at ankle & holds up medial longitudinal arch of foot. Posterior – Plantar flexes and inverts foot & supports medial longitudinal arch of foot.

• Anterior: Peroneal, L4, L5, S1
• Posterior: Tibial: L5, S1

• Origin: Spinous process of vertebrae T7-L5,
Latissimus Dorsi and inferior angle of scapula
• Insertion : Floor of the intertubercular groove of the humerus.
• Action: to abduct or extend and internally rotate the arm.
• Nerve supply: Thoracodorsal nerve.
• ‘The Swimmer’s Muscle’

Origin: external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, medial superior nuchal line, spinous process of vertebrae
C7-T12.)
Trapezious
Insertion: Posterior border of the lateral third of the clavicle, acromion process and spine of scapula.
Action: rotation, retraction , elevation and depression of scapula.
Nerve supply: Accessory nerve (CN XI), cervical spinal nerves C3 & C4

nd

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: base 3 rd metacarpal (dorsal surface)
Action: extends and abducts the wrist
Nerve supply: C6, C7

• Location: Groin
• Function: Responsible for hip abduction and assists knee flection

• Origin: anterior superior iliac spine
• Insertion:
• Function:
• Innervation:

Origin: Temporal fossa between inferior temporal line (of the parietal bone) and infratemporal crest.
Insertion: Coronoid process of the mandible and anterior ramus of the mandible.
Action: Elevates mandible (closes jaw) and retracts mandible
(horizontal fibers of posterior part of muscle).
Nerve Supply: Mandibular division of Trigeminal nerve
(CN V).

Origin: superficial portion - zygomatic bone, deep - zygomatic arch.
Insertion: ramus of the mandible
Action: elevation of mandible (chew food)
Nerve Supply: masseteric nerve of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)