Civil Rights
I.
II.
Intro
Amendments 13, 14,
15
III. Segregation &
Responses
A. Legal Basis
B. Fighting Back &
Successes
IV. Women
A. Vote
B. Jobs
C. Title IX
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Key Terms
Plessy vs.
Ferguson
Jim Crow
Idlewild
Brown Decision
Thurgood Marshall
Earl Warren
Bus Boycott
Sit-ins
1964 Civil Rights
Act
19th Amendment
13th Amendment (1865)
•Outlawed Slavery
14th Amendment (1868)
1. All persons born in the United States are
citizens of the United States.
2. All citizens are guaranteed equal
treatment under the law.
15th Amendment (1870)
• The bottom line: Guaranteed black
men the right to vote.
• “The right of citizens of the United
States to vote shall not be denied or
abridged by the United States or by any
State on account of race, color, or
previous condition of servitude.”
Plessy vs. Ferguson
(1896)
• Separate facilities for
different races were
legal as long as they
were equal in quality.
Railroads in Louisiana
were segregated by law
• “Separate but equal”
doctrine-legalized
segregation.
Jim Crow Laws
• State and local laws
that established
legalized
segregation all over
the United States.
Idlewild Resort Company
(1912)
• Goal: develop a resort for
African Americans
Alvin Wright, Adelbert
Branch, Erastus Branch,
and Wilbur Lemon
Early Housing: Doghouses
Came complete with two cots, a water pitcher &
basin, a hot plate, and a “thunder mug.”
Famous Idlewild Residents
Dr. Daniel H. Williams
(1856-1931)
Madame C.J. Walker
(1867-1919)
Entertainers At Idlewild
Aretha
Franklin
Louis Armstrong
Bill Cosby
Four Tops
Famous Visitors To Idlewild
Sugar Ray
Robinson
Joe Louis
Wilt
Chamberlin
Satchel
Paige
Historic Idlewild
Flamingo Club
Famous Idlewild Club
House (ca. 1926)
Brown Decision
(Background)
• Brown was prohibited
from attending the school
near her home because
she was black.
Linda Brown & Family
Brown Decision
(Two important “players”)
Thurgood Marshall
Earl Warren
Attorney who argued
the case
Chief Justice of
Supreme Court
Brown Decision: Civil Rights Success
(1954)
The Decision:
•
The doctrine of
‘separate but equal’ has
no place in education.
•
Segregation in schools
was prohibited & must
end “with all deliberate
speed.”
Bus Boycott: Civil Rights Success
(Montgomery, AL, 1955-56)
Rosa Parks
(1913-2005 )
Martin L. King
(1928-1968)
Sit-in Movement
Greensboro, NC: Woolworth
lunch counter (1960)
Sit-in Jackson, MS 1963
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Woolworth’s Lunch Counter
(Smithsonian, WADC)
1964 Civil Rights Act:
Civil Rights Success
1. Outlawed discrimination in all public places
2. Outlawed all job discrimination based on
race and sex
1964 Civil Rights Act
“…we’ve just delivered the South to the
Republican party for a long time to come….”
“Solid South” = Republican
1972
1984
1996
2004
Flamingo Club
“Clubhouse Rock”
Historic Idlewild Over Time
• Since 1964 Idlewild has declined as a tourist
destination
• Current unemployment statistics*
– August 2010: 9.6% US
– August 2010: 13.1% Michigan
– August 2010: 14.9% Lake County
– August 2010: 11.7% Mason County
– August 2010: 12.0% Manistee County
*Bureau of Labor Statistics: http://www.bls.gov/web/laus/laumstrk.htm & MI Dept of Labor
http://www.google.com/publicdata?ds=usunemployment&met=unemployment_rate&idim=county:CN260850&dl=en&hl=en&q=
unemployment+rate+lake+county+mi http://www.rivercountryjournal.com/?p=39223 http://www.milmi.org/
19th Amendment (1920):
Civil Rights Success
• Bottom line: Guaranteed women the right to
vote.
• “The right of citizens of the United States to
vote shall not be denied or abridged by the
United States or by any State on account of
sex.”
Kathrine Switzer
1967 Boston Marathon
1964 Civil Rights Act:
Civil Rights Success
1. Outlawed discrimination in all public
places
2. Outlawed all job discrimination based on
race and sex.
Title IX
(Background)
Statistics
• 1972: 1 in 27 HS girls
played sports (2002: 1 in
2.5)
• In 1970 women made up:
– 5% of law school grads
(2004 = 49%)
– 8% of medical school
grads (2004 = 46)
Title IX
(1972)
• Title IX: Prohibits sex
discrimination in
education
• Women now receive
42% of scholarship
money
Low-profile men’s sports have sometimes
been cut
Civil Rights
I.
II.
Intro
Amendments 13, 14,
15
III. Segregation &
Responses
A. Legal Basis
B. Fighting Back &
Successes
IV. Women
A. Vote
B. Jobs
C. Title IX
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Key Terms
Plessy vs.
Ferguson
Jim Crow
Idlewild
Brown Decision
Thurgood Marshall
Earl Warren
Bus Boycott
Sit-ins
1964 Civil Rights
Act
19th Amendment