Veterinary Terminology
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Veterinary Terminology MR. PACE Veterinary Terminology At the completion of this unit students will be able to Match scientific names with their appropriate species Define medical terms related to each body system Identify prefixes, suffixes, and root words, in order to define medical terms Decipher directional terminology Define medical abbreviations Extract and interpret information from realistic medical documents Scientific Names of Animals Common Name Latin Species Name Dog Canis Canine Cat Felis Feline Horse Equus Equine Cattle Bos Bovine Sheep Ovis Ovine Goat Capra Caprine Pig Sus Porcine Bird Avis Avian Mouse Mus Murine Rat Rattus Murine Body System Terms Your body is made up of many systems, each having their own vital parts that work together. (Interdependent) This list represents your bodily systems and the specific parts that comprise them: Body System Terms Skeletal : Bones and joints Muscular: Muscles and tendons Integumentary: Skin, hair, nails, and glands in skin Body System Terms Sensory: Eyes, ears, nose, skin receptors, and mouth Cardiovascular: Heart, blood vessels, and blood Lymphatic: Tonsils, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, and lymph fluid Body System Terms Respiratory: Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs Gastrointestinal: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder Endocrine: Hormones, Pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, and gonads Body System Terms Nervous: Brain, spinal cord, ganglia, nerves, and sensory organs Urinary: Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra Reproductive: Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina in females; testes, ducts, penis, urethra, and prostate in males Medical Terms http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ODGA7ssL-6g http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ob2OdD0PMnI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9EU4DtsJBY0 Medical Terms Medical Terms are composed of word part combinations consisting of: Prefix Root Combining vowel Suffix Medical Terms: PREFIXES Consists of one or more syllables Placed at the beginning of word Can NEVER stand alone Like the train’s engine with its whistle Leads the train and announces the coming train Without the box cars there is not a complete train Medical Terms: PREFIXES A- No, not, without away from Brady- Slow Dys- Bad, difficult, painful Epi- Upper Eryth- Red Hemi- Half Hemo- Blood Hyper- Above, increased, or more than normal Hypo- Below, Under, or decreased Infra- Below or beneath Medical Terms: PREFIXES Inter- Between Intra- Within Meta- Beyond Poly- Many Sub- Below, under, or decreased Super- Above, increased, or more than normal Supra- Above, increased, or more than normal Tachy- Fast Trans- Across Ultra- Above, increased, or more than normal Medical Terms: PREFIXES For example: operative Pre- means before. Preoperative means before or preceding an operation Peri- means around. Perioperative means pertaining to the period around an operation; before, during or after Post- means after. Postoperative means after an operation Medical Terms: PREFIXES • • • • • a-, an- (without or not having) brady- (slow) de- (remove, take away, loss of) dys- (difficult, troubled) hyper- (high) 1. _________ biotic (against life) 2. _________thermia (high temperature) 3. _________horn (remove the horn) Medical Terms: ROOT WORDS ROOT Main part and core meaning of word Gives you a general idea of what you’re dealing with Medical Terms: ROOT WORDS Term Definition Abdomin/o Abdomen Aden/o Gland Audi/o Hearing Bio Life Brachi/o Arm Bronchi/o Bronchus Carcin/o Cancer Cardi/o Heart Cephal/p Head Col/o Colon Cyt/o Cell Dent/i/o Teeth Derm/a/o – Dermat/o Skin Encephal/o Brain Medical Terms: ROOT WORDS Term Definition Gastr/o Stomach Gynec/o Female Hemat/o Blood Hist/o – Histi/o Tissue Intestin/o Intestine Lapar/o Abdomen, loin, flank Lymph/o Lymph vessels Mamm/a – Mamm/o Mammary Gland Nas/o Nose Opthalm/o Eye Ot/o Ear Steth/o Chest Thorac/o Thorax Trache/o Trachea Medical Terms: SUFFIXES End of a word Indicates procedure, condition, disease, or disorder. Cannot stand alone Like a caboose, its always last MEDICAL TERMS: SUFFIXES Term Definition -algia Pain -cyte Cell -ectomy Surgical removal -graphy Recording of -iasis Infestation or infection -ism State or condition -itis Inflammation -lysis Destruction of -megaly Abnormally large -ology/ologist Specialist/study of -oma Tumor -osis Abnormal condition -oxia oxygen Medical Terms: SUFFIXES Term Definition -pathy Disease -penia Deficiency of -phagia Eating, swallowing -plegia Paralysis, stroke -pnea Breathing -sclerosis Abnormal hardening -scope Instrument for examining -sepsis Infection -spasm Involuntary contraction -stasis Control, constant level -stenosis Narrowing -tomy -toxin Cutting, incision Poison Medical Terms: COMBINING FORMS Many medical words need a letter to connect the prefix to the root or the root to the suffix Medical Terms: COMBINING FORMS Vowel commonly used: “o” If the suffix starts with a consonant connect the root word and the suffix with the vowel “o” Root Word + Cardi + “heart” CV -O- Suffix -logy New word Cardiology Study of Study of the heart MEDICAL TERMS: COMBINING FORMS If the suffix starts with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) DO NOT USE the vowel “o”. Just attach the suffix to the root word. Root Word + Hepat/o Suffix -osis New word Hepatosis liver -disease process Disease in the liver Medical terms: Combining Forms If the suffix begins with the same vowel as the root word, DO NOT repeat the vowel. Root word + Cardi Suffix -itis New word Carditis heart -inflammation of -inflammation of the heart Medical Terms: Suffixes Word Erthrocyte: Appendectomy: Cardiomegaly: Arthritis: Biology: Carcinoma: Stethoscope: Dermatitis: Hemolysis Hemiplegia: Medical Terms: SUFFIXES Meaning Red Blood Cell To surgically remove appendix Abnormally large heart Inflammation of the joints The study of life Cancerous tumor Instrument for examining heart Inflammation of skin Destruction of blood Paralysis of ½ the body Medical Terms: Practice Any of these combinations work: Prefix + Suffix Prefix + Root Root + Suffix Prefix + Root + Suffix Prefixes never stand alone Suffixes never stand alone Medical Terms DICE ACTIVITY Directional Terminology Doctors and Veterinarians use specific terminology to identify certain locations on the body Directional Terminology Caudal – towards the tail Cranial – towards the head (Frontal) Directional Terminology Deep – further from the surface Superficial – closer to the surface Directional Terminology Dorsal – along the back or uppermost surface Ventral – along the belly Directional Terminology Distal – part of the limb furthest from the body Proximal – part of the limb closest to the body Directional Terminology Anterior – front of the animal Posterior – rear of the animal Directional Terminology Median – body plane that divides the animal into “equal” right and left halves Directional Terminology Sagittal – any body plane that is parallel to the median plane (doesn’t divide equally) Directional Terminology Transverse – body plane that divides the body into cranial and caudal parts Directional Terminology Lateral – the far side of the animal Medial – the near side of the animal Directional Terminology Gummy Bear Lab Each student needs: 1 Lab Sheet 1 Plastic Knife 10 Gummy Bears Medical Abbreviations Do you know these? BTW LOL TGIF http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T6s3d 2wdXVg Medical Abbreviations How about these? qt Medical Abbreviations Abbreviations Definition ad lib As much as desired sid One time daily bid Two times daily tid Three times daily qid Four times daily qh Every hour w/o With out stat immediately n normal DSH Domestic Short Hair DLH Domestic Long Hair DX Diagnosis Medical Abbreviations Abbreviation Definition Hx History Rx Prescription Sx Surgery FeLV Feline Leukemia Virus FIA Feline Infectious Anemia FIP Feline Infectious Peritonitis ECG Electrocardiogram ICU Intensive Care Unit cc Cubic Centimeter ml Milliliter wt Weight Medical Abbreviations Abbreviation Definition HR Heart rate PCV Packed Cell Volume sg Specific gravity TPR Temp, Pulse, Respiration UA, U/A Urinalysis IM Intramuscular IP Intraperitoneal IV Intravenous Sub-Q Subcutaneous Medical Abbreviations Abbreviations Definition rbc Red blood cell wbc White blood cell DVM Doctor of Vet. Medicine CNS Central Nervous System GI Gastrointestinal DOA Dead on arrival DOB Date of Birth Female Male V/D Vomiting and Diarrhea NSF No Significant findings PE Physical Examination Medical Abbreviations Abbreviation Definition L Left R Right HBC Hit by car bdg Bit by dog NPO Nothing by mouth UTI Urinary tract infection CRT Capillary Refill Tme E&D Eating and Drinking Medical Abbreviations Common Abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning D Dorsal DLH Domestic Long Hair DSH Domestic Short Hair DVM Doctor of Veterinary Medicine F Female ICU Intensive Care Unit K-9 Dog M Male Medical Abbreviations Common Abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning NM Neutered Male O Owner S/R Suture(sew) removal S/SF Spayed or Spayed Female Stat Immediately SX Surgery Wk Week y/ yr Year Medical Abbreviations Patient History Abbreviation Meaning BM Bowel Movement D Dorsal DOB Date of Birth HBC Hit By Car U Urine V Vomiting V/D Vomiting/ Diarrhea Medical Abbreviations Physical Exams Abbreviation Meaning + Positive BAR bright, alert, responsive CRT capillary refill time DX Diagnosis FeLV Feline leukemia virus FIP Feline infectious peritonitis FIV Feline immunodeficiency virus HR hour L left N or (-) Negative NR Not Related NSF No significant findings Medical Abbreviations Physical Exams Abbreviation Meaning PE Physical examination Px Physical examination QAR Quiet, Alert, Responsive R respiration RR respiratory rate Rx Prescription TPR temperature, pulse, respiration TX Treatment URI Upper Respiratory Infection UTI Urinary Tract Infection WNL within normal limits (also: we never looked) Wt Weight Medical Abbreviations Pharmacy Abbreviation Meaning BID [Latin] Bis in die, twice a day CC Cubic Centimeter D Days EOD Every Other Day H Hospital KG kilogram MG Milligram Medical Abbreviations Pharmacy Abbreviation Meaning ML Milliliter NPO Nothing By Mouth PO by mouth, orally PRN As needed QD Every day QH Every hour Qid Four times a day Tid Three times a day Medical Abbreviations Laboratory Abbreviation Meaning BX Biopsy CBC Complete blood count CHEM Chemical HW Heartworm PCV percent of blood RBC red blood cells T4 Thyroxine UA urinalysis WBC White Blood Cell Medical Abbreviations Routes of Medicinal Administration Abbreviation Meaning IM Intramuscular IN Intranasal IV Intravenious PO by mouth, orally SQ subcutaneous Medical Abbreviations Practice……. Administer 2cc per 10lbs, bid Rx: 6mLIM qid Vaccinate for FIA, FeLV, and FIP Case Studies Physical examination Bilbo a neutered male dog, was quiet but alert and responsive. Body condition score was 5/9. Mucous membranes were pale but capillary refill time was normal. Respiratory rate was 40 breaths per minute with some increased effort; heart rate was 160 beats per minute. Thoracic auscultation revealed a grade 4/6 left systolic murmur in the mitral area; faint diffuse crackles were heard in the lungs, no arrhythmias were heard. Abdominal palpation was unremarkable. Pulses were fair and regular. Capillary Refill Time (checking for dehydration) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7RG6Li64VXM Case Studies http://www.idexx.com//view/xhtml/en_us/smallan imal/education/reference-library/casestudies/h1n1case-study.jsf?SSOTOKEN=0 Case Studies Physical examination Yofie NM, DLH, was thin but BAR and aggressive at times during PX. His mucous membranes were pink, with a CRT of less than 3 seconds; his TPR were all WNL. His body condition score (BCS) of 3/5 represented wt loss since his last office visit, 3 yr ago (BCS: 4/5). His activity score was 7/10 ("10" being normal activity level as perceived by the client). Auscultation of the heart and lungs and abdominal palpation were WNL.
