‫اإلسالم‬
Islam
Lauren Shaw
Madeleine Toups
APHG Period 4
Founding
Islam  “submission” & “peace”
 Similar to Christianity and Judaism
 Muhammad ibn Abdallah
- Born 570 AD in Mecca and died June 8, 632 in
Medina
- First vision from the Angel Gabriel about Allah
in 610 AD
- Most recent and greatest prophet of God
- Founded Islam in 622 AD

Geography

Seventh Century at a state of war
- Polytheism vs. Monotheism
Simplicity of Islam’s doctrine
 Ordinary people turned away from
Judaism and Christianity because of
persecution

Holy Books
Qur’an/Quran/Koran
 “Recitation”
 Foundation of Islamic
Law
 Exact words of God
Sunnah
 “Road”
 Revelation of
Muhammad
 Explains and clarifies
the Qur’an
Doctrine: Five Pillars of Faith
Salat
Ritual Prayer
Zakat
Charity to
the Poor
Sawm
Fasting during
Ramadan
Five Pillars
Of Faith
Shahadah
Pledging the Faith
Hajj
Pilgrimage to
Mecca
Doctrine: Six Articles of Faith
One God
Angels of
God
Supremacy of
God’s Will
Six Articles
Of Faith
Day of
Judgment
Books of
God
(Qur'an)
Prophets of
God
(Muhammad)
Experiential
Male Circumcision
- Not necessary but common
 Peace Be Upon Them (pbut)
- Said after any of the great prophets
(Muhammad, Jesus, Abraham, Moses, etc)

Other Experientials: Women Dress


"O Prophet! Tell thy wives and
daughters, and the believing women, that
they should cast their outer
garments over their persons...that they
should be known and not
molested." [Chapter 33, verse 59 Quran]
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6hSD8lbHHTc&feature=relmfu
Burga
Hijab
nijab
Rituals: Pork
“Lack of morality and shame, greed for wealth,
laziness, indulgence, dirtiness and gluttony”
 "He has only forbidden you dead meat, and blood,
and the flesh of swine, and any (food) over which
the name of other than Allah has been invoked. But
if one is forced by necessity, without willful
disobedience, nor transgressing due limits, then Allah
is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful." verses 2:173, 5:3,
6:145, and 16:115 of the Qur'an.

Other Rituals




Alcohol, gambling, drawing living creatures
and smoking is haram (prohibited)
A Muslim man is not permitted to marry a
non-Muslim woman unless she becomes
Muslim; but he can marry a Christian or a
Jewish woman
A Muslim woman is not permitted to marry
a non-Muslim man, even a Christian or a Jew,
unless he becomes a Muslim
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=igDRyJgES2E&fb_source=message
Ethics: Sharia
Sharia “Path” (aka Islamic Law)
 Influences legal law
 “Marriage and divorce are the most
significant aspects of Sharia, but criminal
law is the most controversial”
 Five Hadd crimes – defined by Qur'an
 Punishable by stoning, exile, and execution

Place of Worship
Islamic Mosques
 Usually contain

- Minbar: sermons are given from
- Mihrab: direction of Mecca
- Musalla: Prayer Hall
- Prayer Rugs: cleanliness
- Shoe Shelves: no shoes allowed
Holy Day
Muslim’s Sabbath is on Friday, “The Day of
Assembly
 Celebrate Jumu’ah (Friday Prayer)

- Takes place of daily noon prayer
- Takes place at a mosque
- Imam’s (religious leaders) give a Khutbah
(sermon)
- Pray as one Ummah (community)
Holy Places



Mecca, Saudi Arabia
- Holiest City in Islam
- The Grand Mosque & Ka’ab/Kaaba
Medina, Saudi Arabia
- City of the Prophet
- The Prophet’s Mosque
Jerusalem, Israel
- Qubbat as-Sakhrah (Dome of the Rock)
- Al-Aqsa Mosque (Fartherst Mosque)
Al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem
Kaaba, Mecca
Prophet’s Mosque, Medina
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem
Grand Mosque, Mecca
Holiday: Ramadan
9th month of the Islamic calendar
Month-long fast during daylight
Goal
- purify the soul
- focus on Allah
- self-sacrifice
 Laylat al-Oadr (Night of Power)
- Towards the end of Ramadan
- Celebrates when the first verses of the Qur'an were
revealed to Muhammad.
 Eid al-Fitr (The Festival of Fast-Breaking)
- Celebration at the end of Ramadan



Holiday: Hajj





12th month of the Islamic Calendar
Part of the Five Pillars of Faith
Pilgrimage to Mecca
Day of Arafat
- One day of the Hajj, pilgrims gather at the
Plain of Arafat to seek God's mercy
- Globally, Muslims fast for the day
Eid al-Adha
- The Festival of Sacrifice
- End of Hajj
Sects
Sunni
 Majority of Muslims
 Saudi Arabia, Egypt,
Yemen, Pakistan
 Respect Imams but
do not give them a
divinity
 State is in charge, not
Imam
Shiite
 10-15% of World
 Iran, Iraq, Bahrain,
Azerbaijan
 Believe Imams are
descendents of the
Prophet
 Imam is in charge,
not state (ex: Iran)
Sects: Succession Differences
Sunni
 After Muhammad’s
death, Abu Bakr
became Islam’s leader
 Was not a blood
relation to the
Prophet
 Caliph should be
chosen based on
piousness, not blood
Shiite
 Wanted Ali, 4th caliph,
to become the
leader
 Was the closest
blood relation to the
Prophet
 Caliph should be
chosen based solely
on blood
Sects: Geography
Pale Green  Sunni
 Dark Green Shiite

1.57 Billion followers
 23% of the World

(CNN/Pew Forum 2009)
Symbols
The Star and Crescent
- Not originally Muslim
- Icon adopted during the spread of Islam
- Controversial in the Muslim world
 Allah in Arabic

Works Cited

http://www.majorreligions.com/muhammad.php

http://bazamesuffa.6te.net/gallery.html

http://www.religioustolerance.org/isl_intr.htm

http://islam.about.com/od/mosques/tp/architecture_parts.htm
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http://www.patheos.com/Library/Islam/Ritual-Worship-DevotionSymbolism/Sacred-Time.html
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http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/islam/religion/index.htm

http://www.truthnet.org/islam/whatisislam.html

http://islam.about.com/od/holidays/f/holidays.htm
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http://www.islam101.com/women/hijabfaq.html

http://www.themodernreligion.com/misc/hh/pork.html

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http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_food_Muslim's_can_or_cannot_
not_eat
http://www.religionnews.com/index.php?/rnsblog/whats_the_differ
ence_between_hijab_burqa_etc/
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http://www.islamproject.org/education/Africa_Mideast_etc.html
http://www.cctv.com/program/worldwidewatch/20090717/109130.
shtml
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http://www.proprofs.com/flashcards/story.php?title=prophetmuhammad
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http://translate.google.com/?hl=en#auto|ar|Islam

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http://islam.about.com/od/history/a/crescent_moon.htm
http://middleeast.about.com/od/religionsectarianism/a/me070907su
nnis.htm
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http://www.islamicity.com/mosque/uiatm/un_islam.htm
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http://www.oilempire.us/new-map.html
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http://library.thinkquest.org/28505/islam/fivep.htm
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http://www.religionfacts.com/islam/beliefs.htm
http://articles.cnn.com/2009-1007/world/muslim.world.population_1_god-but-god-middle-eastdistant?_s=PM:WORLD
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http://www.religionfacts.com/islam/places/medina.htm
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http://www.cfr.org/religion/islam-governing-under-sharia/p8034
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http://www.religionfacts.com/islam/places/jerusalem.htm
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http://www.islamreligion.com/articles/655/
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http://www.sacredsites.com/middle_east/saudi_arabia/mecca.html
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http://photos-universe.blogspot.com/p/khana-kaba-wallpapers.html
http://www.darolhadith.net/modules.php?name=my_Books&action
=-1&bid=14&re=0

http://www.athirady.info/?attachment_id=109330&sess=9d0856f5a
0acc18b649702d735bc6b02
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http://wisdomproliferation.blogspot.com/2010/06/quran-practicalbook.html
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http://witcombe.sbc.edu/sacredplaces/domeofrock.html
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http://www.jadaliyya.com/pages/index/1322/what-is-sharia