„Emission & Regeneration“© Unified Field Theory
Osvaldo Domann
-
Introduction
Methodology
Main characteristics of Fundamental Particles (FPs)
General theoretical part
Coulomb law
Ampere law
Induction law
Time, momentum and force Quantification
Miscellaneous (Special Relativity)
Quantum mechanics
Findings
Copyright ©
The content of the present work, its ideas, axioms, postulates, definitions,
derivations, results, findings, etc., can be reproduced only by making clear reference
to the author. To prevent plagiarism, all published versions of the work were
deposited and attested by a notary since 2003 .
1
Methodology
Postulated
2
Particle representation
3
Characteristics of the introduced fundamental particles (FPs)
• Fundamental Particles are postulated.
• FPs move with light speed and with nearly infinite speed.
• FPs store energy as rotations in moving and transversal directions
• FPs interact through their angular momenta.
• Pairs of FPs with opposed transversal angular momenta generate
linear momenta on subatomic particles.
• Classification of Subatomic Particles.
• Basic Subatomic Particles (BSPs) are the positrons, the electrons
and the neutrinos.
• Complex Subatomic Particles (CSPs) are the proton, the neutron,
nuclei of atoms and the photons.
4
Introduction
Classification of electrons and positrons
5
Introduction
Distribution in space of the relativistic energy of a BSP with v  c
Ee =
Eo2  E p2
Ep = p c
d =
Eo = m c 2
Ee = E s  E n
mv
Eo2
p=
2
v
1 2
c
Es =
E E
2
o
with
2
p
En =
E p2
Eo2  E p2
1 ro
d
dr
sin

d

2 r2
2
dEe = Ee d =  J e
dEs = Es d =  J s
dEn = En d =  J n
dV=r 2 dr sin d
d
2
6
Introduction
Energy flux density
dA  r 2 sin d dγ
dPi
ν E r  J 
 dSi   i o o3  2 
dA
12π r  m s 
Energy density
dV=r 2 dr sin  d
wi 
d
2
dEi 1
r  J 
 Ei o4  3 
dV
2 r m 
7
Introduction
Linear momentum out of opposed angular momentum


dEn  ν J n

dEn

dp

 dEn
 
1
dE p 
dEn dl

2R
 1

dp  dE p s p
c
8
Introduction
Moving particles with their angular momenta
9
Fundamental differences in the representation
of particles compared with standard theory
Standard
Proposed
Point-like simple particles
Space-like structured particles
Particles are static entities
Particles are dynamic entities
Origin of charge unknown
Charge defined by the sense of rotation
of emitted FPs
Light speed is maximum speed
Infinite speed is maximum speed
One type of electron and positron
Two types of electrons and positrons
Origin of linear momentum unknown Linear momentum generated by the interaction
of FP with opposed angular momenta
Wave-particle duality
No wave associated to a particle
10
Introduction
Definition of field magnitudes dH
dH e = H e d se
with
H e = Ee
Longitudinal emitted field
dH s=H s dκ s
with
H s = Es
Longitudinal regenerating field
dH n=H n dκ n
with
H n= E n
Transversal regenerating field
Relation between the angular momentum J and the dH Field
dH e se= ν J e dκ se
dH s s = ν J s dκ s
dF 
dp dE p
1


dH 1 s1  dH 2 s2
dt
c dt c dt
dH n n = ν J n dκ n
11
Quantification
Time quantification
F =
p
sR
t
Fstat=
p = p  0 = p
1 Q1 Q2
4π o d 2
t = K ro ro
1
2
Coulomb
Fdyn=
μo I 1 I 2
2π d
 s 
K = 5.427110 4  2 
m 
Ampere
Δot  K ro2
The radius of focal points of BSPs.
ro =
c
E
with
E = Eo2  E p2
E = 
for v  c
for v = c
12
Index
Interaction laws for field componenets dH of two BSPs
1) Interaction law between two static BSPs (Coulomb)
2) Interaction law between two moving BSPs (Ampere, Lorentz, Bragg)
3) Interaction law between a static and a moving BSP ( Maxwell, Gravitation)
Differential energy generated by the interaction of two dH fields
The three possible combinations of the longitudinal and transversal
dH fields give the three types of interactions.
dE p= dH 1 s1  dH 2 s2
13
Coulomb law
1) Interaction law between two static BSPs (Coulomb)
dH s = ν J dκ s

dE p =


dH e1 s1   dH s2 s2
re
rs
dp 
dpstat
1
dE p
c


1 
 d l  ( se1  ss2 ) 

sR =  
H
d

H
d

r1 e1 r1 r2 s2 r2  sR
c R
2R


14
Ampere law
2) Interaction law between two moving BSPs (Ampere, Lorentz and Bragg)
dE1( n ) = dH n n1  dH n n2
1
2
with
dH n ni =  n J n d i ni
i
dpdyn
i
i




1  dl  (n1  n2 ) 
sR =  
H n d r  H n d r  s R

1
1 r
2
2
R
r
c 
2R
1
2

15
Induction law
3) Interaction law between a static and a moving BSP (Maxwell, Gravitation)
„Induction law“
( n)
ind
dp
1  dl  n
sR =  
c R  2R


rr

H
d

sp
r p  sR
r r
p

H n d r

16
Introduction
Charge and current of Complex Subatomic Particles (CSPs)
Energy of a resting electron Eo = 0.511 MeV
n =919
Electron
n  = 918
Charge
Mass current
n  = 919

Positron
Binding Energy
Neutron
Proton
Constituents
EB
prot
= 0.43371 MeV
(n   n  ) * 0.511 = 0.511 MeV
Im =
n  = 919
EB
neutr
= 0.34936 MeV
(n   n  ) * 0.511 = 0.0 MeV
m
 kg 
I c = 5,685631378 10 12 I c  
q
 s 
I c [Coulomb/s]
17
Fundamental differences in the representation of ineractions
between BSPs and CSPs compared with standard theory
Standard
Proposed
An Individual field for each force
A common field for all forces
(electric, magnetic, strong, weak, grav.)
(dH field)
No quantization of linear momentum Quantized elementary linear momentum
No quantization of time
Quantized interaction time
Neutral Particles interact only
in collisions
Neutral particles interact all the time
Electron and positron annihilate
Electron and positron compensate and don’t
mix in atomic nuclei
Power flow only between charged
particles
Constant power flow between all particles,
also neutral particles.
Simple representation of
atomic nuclei
Dynamic representation of atomic nuclei,
which reintegrate constantly migrated
electrons and positrons.
18
Coulomb
Linear momentum pstat as a function of the distance between static BSPs
0    0.1
pstat = 0
0.1    1.8
pstat  d 2
1.8    2.1
pstat  constant
2.1    518
pstat 
518    
pstat
1
d
1
 2
d
19
Ampere law
Diffraction of BSPs at a Crystal due to reitegration of BSPs
20
Ampere law
Gravitation between two neutrons due to parallel reintegration of BSPs
FR =
R
M 1M 2
d
R = 6.05 10  27 Nm/kg 2
21
Induction law
Gravitation between two neutrons due to aligned reintegration of BSPs
FG = G
M 1M 2
d2
At stable nuclei migrated BSPs that interact with
BSPs of same charge do not get the necessary
energy to cross the potential barrier.
At unstable nuclei some of the migrated BSPs that
interact with BSPs of same charge get the
necessary energy to cross the potential barrier.
22
Induction +Ampere
Total gravitation force due to the reintegration of BSPs
 G R
FT  FG  FR= 2   M 1 M 2
d
d
23
Induction law
Linear momentum balance between static and moving BSPs
“Induced dp”
Elastic scattering
24
Coulomb+Ampere+Induction
Power flow between charged bodies
25
Ampere
Mechanism of permanent magnetism due to reintegration of BSPs
Synchronized reintegration of migrated electrons and positrons
26
Quantification of force
a ro2
N C (d) 
4 d2
1
pelem  mc
F  N pelem νo
 ot
-----------------------------------------------------------------
o 

Coulomb

M1 M 2
d2

N R(d,M 1 ,M 2 ) 
 2.0887

 5.8731
Coulomb
ro2
I m1 I m2
N A(d,I m1 ,I m2 ) 
64 m 2 c 2 d
N G(d,M 1 ,M 2 )  γG2 ro2

1
M M
γR2 1 2
4  64
d
Ampere
Δl
Ampere

Induction

Ampere
Induction
Δl

Ampere
 2.4662
 5.8731
FT  FG  FR  [ N G  N R ] pelem νo
27
Miscellaneous
Neutron and proton composed of accelerating positrons
and decelerating electrons
28
Miscellaneous
Spin of level electrons at Hydrogen and Helium Atoms
29
Miscellaneous
Stern-Gerlach experiment and the spin of the
electorn
30
Miscellaneous
Special Relativity
Absorbtion of a component of a photon and subsequent emission with
light speed „c“.
31
Life time increase of moving radiating particles
32
Frames for Lorentz transformations
Space-time variables
 
x  y  z  (icot )  x  y  z  (icot )
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
KK
1
t
2
t 
(x)  (y )  (z )  (ico t )  (x )  (y )  (z )  (ico t )
2
2
2
2
2
xx
y y
z  vt
z
v2
1 2
co
v2
1 2
co
2
2
2
v
z
co2
v2
1 2
co
General Lorentz transformation
4
4
 ( )   ( )
i 2
i 1
i 2
i 1
  a  b
i
i
k
k
4
i
a a
i 1
i
k
i
l
  kl
4
a
i 1
k
i
ail   kl
33
Frames for Lorentz transformations
Speed variables
KK
vx  vx
vy  vy
vz 
(x) 2  (y ) 2  (z ) 2  (ico t ) 2  (x ) 2  (y ) 2  (z ) 2  (ico t ) 2
Dividing both sides with (t ) 2 (no dilatation)
vx  v y  vz  (i vc ) 2  vx  v y  vz  (i vc ) 2
2
2
2
2
with vc  co and vc  co
K  K*
v  vx
*
x
2
t
t
v  vy
*
y
2
vz  v
v2
1 2
vc
vc 
vc 
v
vz
2
cc
v2
1 2
vc
   (no space
v  co
*
z
f  fz
*
z
contraction)
34
Relativistic equations
Linear momentum
 mv
p z  mv z 
v2
1 2
co
Acceleration
 p *z
az 
az
1
2
v
co2
 a *z
Energy
E  mco vc 
mco2
1
2
v
co2
 E *  Eo2  E p2
with
E p  p z co
Doppler
1  v / co
f

f*
1  v / co
Charge density
 
*
1  v / co


*
1  v / co
Current density
Jz  Jz  J*
35
Characteristics of the special LT based on speed variables.
• The transformation rules of SR describe the macroscopic results of the
interactions of FPs emitted by electrons and positrons.
• The special Lorentz transformation is intrinsically a transformation of speed
variables. Time and space are absolute variables and equal in all frames.
• Electromagnetic waves are emitted with light speed co relative to the frame of
the emitting source.
• Electromagnetic waves that arrive at the atoms of measuring instruments like
optical lenses or electric antennae are absorbed and subsequently emitted
with light speed co relative to the measuring instruments. That explains why
always light speed is measured in the frame of the instruments.
• The speed vc of the fourth orthogonal coordinate gives the speed of the FPs
emitted continuously by electrons and positrons and which continuously
regenerate them.
• All the transformation equations already existent for the electric and magnetic
fields, deduced on the base of the invariance of the Maxwell wave equations
are still valid for the present approach.
36
Quantum mechanics
Focal radius
ro =
c
E
with
E = Eo2  E p2
for v  c
and E=ω
for v=c
The wave packet
1
Ψ(x,t) 
2π

 c



χ(m)exp
i
mx

p(m)t

 dm

 

with m 
E
c2
Uncertainty principle
E  x 
1
c
2
Δp  Δt 
Proposed

2 2
ic Ψ  Eo  U Ψ 
Ψ
x
2mo c 2 t 2
1
2c
Newton
d
d2
U ( x)  m 2 x
dx
dt
Schrödinger

2
i Ψ  
ΔΨ  UΨ
t
2m
37
Quantum mechanics
Hydrogen Atom
Ek  hcRH
1
 Eo
2
n
 1
1 
ΔE   ΔEk  h c RH  2  ' 2 
 (n) (n ) 
n'  n
38
Quantum mechanics
Hydrogen Atom
The relation between the magnetic and orbital quantum numbers is
ml  l
with
l  1,  2,  3   
and
ml
  sinθ
l
ml  1,  2,  3   
39
Findings
Findings of the proposed approach
The main findings of the proposed model , from which the presentation is an
extract, are:
• The energy of a BSP is stored in the longitudinal rotation of emitted
fundamental particles. The rotation sense of the longitudinal angular
momentum of emitted fundamental particles defines the sign of the charge of
the BSP.
• All the basic laws of physics (Coulomb, Ampere, Lorentz, Maxwell,
Gravitation, bending of particles and interference of photons, Bragg) are
derived from one vector field generated by the longitudinal and transversal
angular momentum of fundamental particles, laws that in today's theoretical
physics are introduced by separate definitions.
• The interacting particles (force carriers) for all types of interactions
(electromagnetic, strong, weak, gravitation) are the FPs with their longitudinal
and transversal angular momentums.
• Quantification and probability are inherent to the proposed approach.
• The incremental time to generate the force out of linear momentums is
quantized.
40
Findings
• The emitted and regenerating energies of a BSP are quantized in energy
quanta Eo.
• Gravitation has its origin in the momentum of migrated BSPs which is
generated when they are reintegrated to their nuclei.
• The gravitation force is composed of an induced component and a
component due to parallel currents of reintegrating BSPs. For galactic
distances the induced component can be neglected what explains the
flattening of galaxies´ rotation curve. (no dark matter).
• The photon is a sequence of neutrinos with potentially opposed
transversal linear momentum, which are generated by transversal angular
momentum of FPs that comply with specific symmetry conditions.
• The two possible states of the electron spin are replaced by the two
types of electrons defined by the proposed theory, namely the
accelerating and decelerating electrons.
• The magnetic moment which is responsible for the splitting of the
atomic beam in the Stern-Gerlach experiment is replaced by the
quantized interacting of parallel currents.
• Permanent magnets are explained with the synchronization of
reintegrating positrons and electrons at a closed line of atomic nuclei.
41
Findings
• The addition of a wave to a particle (de Broglie) is effectively replaced by a
relation between the particles focal radius and its energy.
• The uncertainty relation of quantum mechanics form pairs of canonical
conjugated variables between "energy and space" and "momentum and time".
• The new general differential equation for the wave function differentiates
two times towards time and one towards space, similar to Newton´s equation.
• The Schrödinger equation results as a particular time independent case of the
wave packet.
• The new quantum mechanics theory, based on the wave functions derived
from the focal radius-energy relation, is in accordance with the quantum
mechanics theory based on the correspondence principle.
• The present approach has no energy violation in a virtual process at a vertex
of a Feynmann diagram.
• As the model relies on BSPs permitting the transmission of linear momentum
at infinite speed via FPs, it is possible to explain why entangled photons show
no time delay when they change their state.
• Special relativity based on speed variables are free of time dilatation and
length contraction.
42
The End of
“Emission & Regeneration” Unified Field Theory
I thank you for your attention.
Osvaldo Domann
Copyright ©
The content of the present work, its ideas, axioms, postulates, definitions,
derivations, results, findings, etc., can be reproduced only by making clear reference
to the author. To prevent plagiarism, all published versions of the work were
deposited and attested by a notary since 2003 .
43