Retrieval
Memory Retrieval
 To
retrieve a memory you must first have
some kind of retrieval cue

Examples?
Retrieval
Activating
one strand of a
schematic memory is called
priming.

Mnemonic devices encoding and mnemonic
retrieval
Forgetting as Retrieval error.
 If
we cannot remember
something, it could be that:


never encoded
difficulty retrieving it
• Interference of other memories are
common retrieval errors.
Memory Construction is like a
mosaic
 Our
memories are what we encode as well
as how we retrieve them.

Remember we encode information
semantically and may fill in the blanks with
details that aren’t correct, or color the memory
by the mood we are in.
Memory Construction: like a mosaic
 Déjà
vu is often caused by the firing of network
by a cue that makes you believe you’ve
experienced the whole picture before,

recall vs. recognition
Tip of Tongue
 Problem
of retrieval
Retrieval
 Context effect: Putting yourself back
into the context where a memory was
formed may trigger that memory.
 Going
by an old house, a smell of perfume
from a former girlfriend, or the smell of
autumn football, may bring back a flood of
memories.
Retrieval
 State
dependent memory: the
state we are in influences the
memories that are retrieved.

When sad, happy, drunk whatever,
these become a retrieval cue.
 Mood

Congruence:
when sad, we are likely to remember
events as being sadder than we thought
at the time or happier if happy.
Source Amnesia
 Where
we got a memory from, the
source, one of weakest areas of memory.



Child studies
Piaget?
Neuro brain development?
Misinformation Effect

Similarly, we can encode a false memory if we
are led to believe something occurred that didn’t.


That memory will become just as real as memory of
an event that actually occurred.
We also fill in the gaps when retrieving
memories


retrieval cues offered can change the memory as it
comes out.
Retrieval activity
Eyewitness Memory
 Because
of source amnesia and
misinformation effect, eyewitness
memories are notoriously bad.
Elizabeth Loftus: Eyewitness
 Faculty
recall confabulation
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XcywPd
ORySA