*
* By the end of this lecture we should be able to
cover ILO:
* - Enlist arterial supply, and venous drainage of the
head and neck
* - Recognize the different origins of the right and
left common carotid arteries
* - Recognize the major branches of the external
carotid artery
* - Learn about the carotid body, and it’s clinical
significance
* - Familiarize with the term Jugular venous pressure
*
Head & Neck
Blood Supply:
Major arteries
Blood supply- Arteries
• The arterial supply of the head and neck is derived from the common
carotid, vertebral and subclavian arteries.
• The right common carotid arises from the brachiocephalic trunk.
• The left common carotid arises from the aortic arch directly.
Blood supply- Arteries
• The common carotid runs upwards in the neck to the upper border of the
thyroid cartilage.
• Then it divides into external an internal carotid arteries.
Blood supply- Arteries
I The external carotid artery provides the major blood supply
for the face and mouth.
• The two major terminal branches of the external carotid artery
are the maxillary and the facial arteries.
Blood supply- Arteries
Blood supply- Arteries
i. The maxillary artery is the large of the two terminal branches of
the external carotid artery.
• It arises behind the angle of the mandible and supplies the deep structures
of the face.
Blood supply- Arteries
Major branches of the maxillary artery:
1. Infraorbital artery
2. Posterior superior alveolar artery
3. Inferior alveolar artery
1
2
3
Blood supply- Arteries
1. Infraorbital artery gives branches to anterior and middle superior alveolar
arteries. Their distribution to the maxillary incisors and cuspid teeth and to
the maxillary sinuses.
2. Posterior superior alveolar artery. Its distribution is to the maxillary molar
and premolar teeth and gingiva.
3. Inferior alveolar artery. It descends close to the medial surface of the
mandibular ramus to the mandibular foramen. Before entering the foramen, it
gives off the mylohyoid branch which supplies tissues in the floor of the
mouth.
Blood supply- Arteries
ii. The facial artery is
the other major branch of the
external carotid artery.
• It enters the face at the
inferior border of the
mandible. It passes forward
and upward across the cheek
towards the angle of the
mouth.
• It continues upward along
the side of the nose and ends
at the medial canthus (inner
corner) of the eye.
Blood supply- Arteries
iii. The lingual artery also is a branch of the external carotid artery.
• Its distribution is along the surface of the tongue.
Blood supply- Arteries
II The internal carotid artery has a dilation at its root, the carotid
sinus.
• The internal carotid artery has no branches outside the skull and enters the
skull through the carotid canal.
• Inside the skull the internal carotid artery gives off the ophthalmic artery
which supplies the optic nerve, eye, orbit and scalp.
Head & Neck
Major veins
Head and neck major veins drainage
The venous drainage of the head and neck begins as drainage of the
brain.
• The superior and inferior sagittal sinuses drain to the transverse
then sigmoid sinuses to form the internal jugular vein.
• The ophthalmic veins from the orbit drain backwards to the
cavernous sinus or forwards to the facial vein.
Head and neck major veins
•The cavernous sinus drains to the pterygoid plexus of veins, through the
superior petrosal sinus to the transverse sinus and through the inferior
petrosal sinus to the internal jugular vein.
1.
Facial vein
2.
Cavernous sinus
3.
Pituitary plexus
4.
Superior petrosal sinus
5.
Inferior petrosal sinus
6.
Internal jugular vein
7.
Transverse sinus
8.
Confluence of sinuses
Head and neck major veins
Head and neck major veins
• The maxillary and superficial temporal veins form the retromandibular vein
behind the angle of the mandible.
Head and neck major veins
• The retromandibular vein communicates with the external jugular vein and the
internal jugular vein.
• The facial vein drains into the internal jugular vein.
• The internal jugular vein empties into the superior veina cava, which returns
blood from the upper portion of the body to right atrium of the heart.
* Faculty.ksu.edu.sa/Asmaa%20Faden/.../Head%
20and%20Neck%20II-.ppt
* Clinically applied Anatomy for Keith Moore
*