A hydrocarbon is a compound
that consists of the elements
carbon (C) and hydrogen (H)
only.
WRONG ANSWER!!!
TRY AGAIN
WRONG ANSWER!!!
TRY AGAIN
WRONG ANSWER!!!
TRY AGAIN
READ IT !!!
CARBON
COMPOUND
(ALCOHOLS)
PRESENTED BY :
NURHANISAH ZULKIFLI
NORASHIKIN MD RODZI
JUHANIS MOHAMED ZAHARI
Experiment
Effects of
alcohols on
health
Quiz
Elements in
alcohols
ALCOHOL
Uses of
alcohols
Characteristic
Examples of
alcohols
General
Formula
ALCOHOLS
An alcohol is an
compound.
It contains of 3 elements that is
and
Is Alcohols a
hydrocarbon??
why??
No.
Because elements in alcohols contain an
oxygen.
Alcohol
Methanol
Ethanol
Propanol
molecular Structural formula
formula
CH3OH
H
H
C
H
H
H
C
H
C2H5OH
C3H7OH
H
H
O
H
C
H
H
O
H H
C C
H
C O
H
H
H
Boiling
point(°C)
65
H
78
97
Alcohol
Organic
acid
Esters
Methanol
Ethanoic acid
Methyl ethanoate
Ethanol
Butanoic acid
Ethyl butanoate
Ethanol
Methanoic acid Ethyl methanoate
Ethanol
Propanoic acid Ethyl propanoate
General formula for alcohol:
CnH2n+1OH
n is positive integer, n
=
1,2,3……
The names of alcohols end with ‘-ol’.
Examples ethanol.
Ethanol is produced through
fermentation.
By action of yeast, sugars or starch are
converted into ethanol.
The fermentation of sugar using yeast
is optimum at 37°C.
If it get too hot, the enzyme will be
destroyed.
But if the temperature is too low, the
yeast become inactive.
Yeast contains an enzyme, zymase that
helps to break down sugar to produce
ethanol and carbon dioxide.
yeast
Glucose (Zymase enzyme) Ethanol + Carbon dioxide
C6H12O6
2C2H5OH + 2CO2
Alcohol is a colourless volatile liquid
with a sweet smell.
miscible in water.
Both the boiling point and melting point
increase as the number of carbon atoms in
its molecule increase (get larger).
 The miscibility of alcohol in water
decreases as molecules get larger.

Alcohol burns easily with a clear blue
flame in a plentiful supply of air to
produce carbon dioxide and water only.
Alcohol + oxygen
Carbon dioxide + water
Esterification
Reaction of an alcohol with an organic acid
catalyzed by little concentrated sulphuric
acid to produce an ester.
Concentrated
sulphuric acid
Alcohol + organic
acid
Ester
+
Water
Example :
Ethanol +
ethanoic acid
C2H5OH +
CH3COOH
Concentrated
sulphuric acid
H2SO4
Ethyl ethanoate
+ water
CH3COOC2H5 +
H2O
SOLVENTS
COSMETICS
MEDICINES
FUELS
SOLVENTS
Alcohols are good solvents for dissolving organic
compound which are insoluble in water.
Ethanol : Dissolve shellac, varnishes,
perfumes and dyes.
Methylated spirit : Solvent for varnishes
and paints.
COSMETICS
Aftershave lotion
Cleanser
Perfumes
MEDICINES
Mild antiseptic for cleaning
injured skin and prevents
infections.
Sterilise the skin before giving
an injection.
Dissolve medicines which are
insoluble in water.
FUELS
2CH3OH(l)+3O2(g)
2CO2(g)+4H2O(l)
+heat energy
Heat energy released can be used to run
motor vehicles.
EFFECTS …
Health
Problem
Social
Problem
Psychiatric
Problem
HEALTH PROBLEM
 Liver
diseases such as
hepatitis
 Obesity
 Heart
 High
diseases
blood pressure
SOCIAL PROBLEM
 Drinking too much alcohol cause a
person to get drunk.
 Increased crime rates. (fights,thefts)
 Increased accident rates.
PSYCHIATRIC PROBLEM

Alcohol acts as a depressant.

Drinking too much alcohol
cause a person to be anxious.
EXPERIMENT 4.2
Aim
: To study the properties of
alcohol.
Problem : What are the physical and
chemical properties of alcohol.
Hypothesis : Alcohol can be identified by
their physical and chemical
properties.
 Record
your observation in the
table given.
QUIZ
Question 1
Question 2
Question 3
1. WHICH ONE IS THE GENERAL
FORMULA FOR ALCOHOL??
A) CnH2n+1OH
 B) C2nHn+1OH
 C) C2n+1HnOH


2. ALL THE FOLLOWING IS THE
EFFECT OF ALCOHOL, EXCEPT…….
A) HEALTH PROBLEM
 B) SOCIAL PROBLEM
 C) FINANCIAL PROBLEM

3. WHAT IS ELEMANT IN ALCOHOL?
A) CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN
 B) HYDROCARBON, OXYGEN, CARBON
