Division - Name - Date - Language
 Introduction
 Why RTRC or TFRC?
 Limitations of Conventional Solutions
 The RTRC and TFRC Solution
 Applications
 Benefits
 Product Characteristics
2

 Schneider Electric is the world’s largest LV capacitor manufacturer by market share
 Power Quality Correction Group (PQc) located in
Toronto, Canada has marketing, sales, application engineering, design and technical support responsibility for North America
 Low Voltage Equipment is manufactured at the
Waterman facility
 Medium Voltage Equipment is assembled at
Square D facility outside of Cincinnati
Division - Name - Date - Language 3

 Fixed Capacitors
 Standard Automatic Capacitor Banks
 Anti-Resonant Automatic Capacitor Banks
 Filtered Automatic Capacitor Banks
 Real Time Reactive Compensation Systems
 Transient Free Reactive Compensation
Systems
 MV Metal Enclosed Systems
 MV Real Time & Transient Free Systems
Division - Name - Date - Language 4

 On-site measurement
 Computer Network
Simulations
 Analysis of Problem
 Report
 Specifications
 Custom Engineered
Equipment
 Commissioning
 Verification of
Performance
 Training
Commission
Specify & Propose
 After Sale Servicing
Measure
Solution
Cycle
Analyze & Report
Simulate
Division - Name - Date - Language 5

Division - Name - Date - Language
 Ratio of Active (Real) Power to Total
(Apparent) Power (kW/kVA)
 A measure of efficiency
 Depends on the phase angle between voltage and current waveforms
6

Division - Name - Date - Language
 Reactive
Power develops the magnetic field required by machines to perform useful work
7

Before After  In this example, demand was reduced to 8 250 kVA from 10 000 kVA.
 The power factor was improved from 80% to 97%
Division - Name - Date - Language 8

Apparent Power
2500 KVA

1

2
Real Power
1500 KW
1700 KVA
Reactive Power
2000 kVAR
Uncompensated
Reactive Power
800 kVAR
Compensated cos
 cos

1
= .60
2
= .882
 Any capacitor based system reduces apparent power (KVA) and load current
 Potential savings in capital investment
 Alternately, additional load can be added to the network without the risk of overload
Division - Name - Date - Language 9

Division - Name - Date - Language
 Current Limiting Reactors in multi-step MV standard systems limit capacitor inrush currents
 Air or Iron Core reactors in MV
Anti-Resonant and Filtered systems detune the system to prevent resonance and remove up to 50% of the 5th harmonic
1
0

Division - Name - Date - Language 1
1

 The installation of standard capacitors can magnify harmonic currents on the network
Division - Name - Date - Language 1
2

Resonant Point likely to amplify dominant harmonic (typically 5th)
Magnification of Harmonic Current when Standard
Capacitors are Added to the Network
Division - Name - Date - Language 1
3

Resonant Point where no Harmonic Content present ( 3.7th typical)
5th Harmonic on Network is reduced
(4.4 Tuning)
Effect on Harmonic Current when Anti-Resonant Capacitor
Bank is Applied
Division - Name - Date - Language 1
4

 To compensate reactive power required by rapid and frequent load variations
• motivation:
– increased productivity
– elimination of voltage flicker and sags
– increased system capacity and energy efficiency
Division - Name - Date - Language 1
5

 Compensates reactive energy of stable loads only
 Unable to cope with rapid and frequent load variations
Limited Speed - Why?
 To reduce wear of vacuum switches
 To allow capacitors to discharge before reconnection
 Conventional Controller speed limitation
Division - Name - Date - Language 1
6

L1 L2 L3
HRC Fuses
Vacuum
Contactors
Optional
De-tuned
Inductor
Vacuum (or
SF6)contactors or breakers are used to connect a capacitor group.
Division - Name - Date - Language 1
7

Division - Name - Date - Language
 One cycle (17 ms) or less response to load fluctuations
 Transient Free Connection of
Capacitors
 Minimal wear of electronic switching elements
1
8

Division - Name - Date - Language
 3-4 second response to load fluctuations
 Transient Free Connection of
Capacitors
 Minimal wear of electronic switching elements
1
9

L1 L2 L3
Fuses
SCR-Diode
De-tuned
Inductor
Division - Name - Date - Language 2
0

ion ect nn Co th moo - S RC RT
 Current inrush with vacuum switching can be 15 - 20 times steady state current
 Resultant voltage transient can effect sensitive electronics
 RTRC and TFRC systems generate no network voltage transient
Division - Name - Date - Language 2
1


Load Current

V
System Voltage
A
Acquisition Time  17 ms
RTRC Bank Current
B
Division - Name - Date - Language 2
2

 Any variation in reactive power is compensated within one cycle (16.7 ms) using transient free switching of capacitor stages resulting in:
• increased productivity
• elimination of voltage flicker & sags
• increased system capacity & energy efficiency
Division - Name - Date - Language 2
3

 Unstable Loads (rapid changes):
• Injection molding machines
• Elevators
• Presses
• Rock Crushers
• Wood Chippers
• Mining Conveyors
• Induction Heat Treating
• DC Hoisting
 Motor Starting
• compensation of inrush current for many motors
• allows normal starting torque
 Spot Welding (typically at low voltage)
 extremely fast changes - less than one second (typically at low voltage)
• Re-enforced Mesh for concrete
• Automotive industry
Division - Name - Date - Language 2
4

• Gas Pumping Station in Colorado
• 25 KV Line to 2.5
MVA Transformer step down to 2.4 KV
• Three FVNR Motors
(500 HP, 700 HP, 700
HP)
• Motor start causing unacceptable voltage drop on 25 KV line (16-
18%)
Division - Name - Date - Language 2
5

• Solution was a 3.6
MVAR, 2.4 KV Real
Time System
• Three equal steps of
1.2 MVAR each
• Utilized air cooled
SCR/Diode modules
• Installed outdoors
• Goal to obtain less than 5% voltage drop on the 25 KV line
Division - Name - Date - Language 2
6

500 HP & 700 HP
Running
Starting 2nd 700 HP
Motor
Division - Name - Date - Language 2
7

 Objective to limit voltage drop to less than 5% on the
25 KV line has been met
• initial voltage drop is only 4.2% on the 2.4 KV line
• secondary voltage drop of 7.3% at 2.4 KV line (as stages turn off)
– modifications to the control will improve this further
 Motors previously took 4-6 seconds to come up to speed
• with RTRC, motors are up to speed in less than 2 seconds
Division - Name - Date - Language 2
8

 Sensitive Networks


Hospitals
Data Processing Centers





Microelectronics Fab Facilities
Pharmaceutical Facilities
Airports
Research laboratories
Other Industrial and commercial facilities with high concentrations of sensitive electronic loads
Division - Name - Date - Language 2
9

Zs = |Zs| +90
0
V
L
V
I
TOTAL I
C
I
LOAD V
V
With V
S
~ RTRC
CAP
LOAD
With Without
• Voltage sag is reduced as a result of reactive compensation during the load fluctuation.
• The voltage sag during is affected more by the power factor than by current amplitude reduction.
Division - Name - Date - Language 3
0

Energy saving due to reduction of losses and harmonics:
Losses in cables:
• Copper losses - I 2 R.
• Skin effect losses due to reduction of harmonics.
Losses in transformers:
• Copper losses - I 2 R.
• Skin effect losses due to reduction of harmonics.
• Iron losses due to reduction of harmonics.
Total estimated saving: 3 - 5%
Division - Name - Date - Language 3
1

RTRC Advantages
 Flicker Reduction
 Compliance with flicker standards
 Network Stabilization and reduced equipment outages
 Voltage Regulation Improvement
 Reduced duty on tap changers
 Improved Network Utilization
 Reduced Transformer loading
 Current reduction on Bus Bars, Breakers and Cables
 Energy Saving, Power Factor Correction &
Harmonic Reduction
Division - Name - Date - Language 3
2

The RTRC will eliminate:
 failed motor starts due to voltage sags
 undervoltage tripping of sensitive loads
 lighting flicker and HID lighting shutdown
 overloaded distribution equipment
 capacitor switching transients
Division - Name - Date - Language 3
3

ADVANTAGES
• Increases network capacity
• Minimizes voltage sags
• Minimizes voltage flicker
• Reduces load current
• Avoids wear of vacuum contactors & capacitors
• Transient free switching in sensitive networks
• Avoids use of reduced voltage starters
• Saves energy and improves
Power Factor
DISADVANTAGES
• Costly solution compared to standard capacitor systems (but often the only viable solution)
• Physical space requirements
Division - Name - Date - Language 3
4

 Metal Enclosed Systems up to
15 kV
 Three-Bushing, delta capacitor units available up to 5 kV. Twobushing capacitors connected in
Delta for higher voltages
 Type 1 indoor or Type 3R outdoor enclosure types.
Division - Name - Date - Language 3
5

Transient Free Reactive Compensation
Systems
 MT6000 Series
 Power Factor Correction of networks with sensitive electronic loads
Real Time Reactive Compensation Systems
 MV9000 Series
 Power Factor Correction of highly cyclical loads
Division - Name - Date - Language 3
6

 MT6000 & MV9000 are typically Antiresonant or filtered but may also be standard with current limiting reactors only
 Filtered used for Power Factor Correction of networks with more than 50% Non-Linear
Loads
 Anti-resonant and filtered systems are manufactured with higher than nominal voltage capacitor elements to ensure long term system stability.
Division - Name - Date - Language 3
7

Status Indicators
Readings Display
Function Keys Description
Function Keys
Division - Name - Date - Language
3
8

 Unbalance and Overload protection via phase current sensing standard for either wye or delta capacitor steps
 Optional unbalance protection by neutral current sensing on wye connected capacitor steps
 Optional Neutral to Ground Potential transformer for unbalance protection for wye connected banks
Division - Name - Date - Language 3
9

Division - Name - Date - Language
 Merlin Gerin PROPIVAR or
Cooper (McGraw Edison)
 External Fusing Standard
4
0

Division - Name - Date - Language
 Available as
Three Phase,
Three-Bushing
Delta Connected, up to 5 kV or
Single Phase,
Two-Bushing for voltages higher than 5 kV
4
1

Division - Name - Date - Language
 Environmentally safe biodegradable non PCB dielectric liquid
 Good Heat Dissipation and Low dielectric losses result in long element life
4
2

Division - Name - Date - Language
 High Overvoltage and
Overcurrent withstand:
• 10% Overvoltage for 12 hours a day
• 30% Continuous Overcurrent
 Highly resistant to transient overvoltages and partial discharge levels
4
3

Division - Name - Date - Language
 Suitable for harmonic filtering applications and networks with poor voltage regulation
4
4

Division - Name - Date - Language
 Single Phase, Two-Bushing for
Wye or Delta connection
 125% Continuous rms
Overvoltage withstand and 135% peak overvoltage capability
 Wide operating temperature range:
• 40 to 131ºF (-40 to 55ºC)
 Environmentally acceptable dielectric fluid
4
5

Division - Name - Date - Language
 Standard unit power rating from
50 to 400 kVAR single phase from 2.4kV
4
6

Division - Name - Date - Language
 To protect capacitors, fuses are rated as closely as possible to the capacitor steady state current
 Blown fuse indication directly on the fuse (pop-up indicators)
 Visible via viewing windows in enclosure
4
7

Three
Phase
Reactor
Capacitors
Current
Transformers for unbalance detection
Vacuum
Contactor
Division - Name - Date - Language 4
8


Switching two phases with
Delta connected capacitors
 Air or Liquid Cooled Stick
Stacks of anti-polar SCR/Diodes with failsafe cooling systems
• temperature, air flow, pressure monitoring
 Multiple modules connected in series for higher voltages
Liquid Cooled Stick Stack
Division - Name - Date - Language 4
9

Division - Name - Date - Language
 Direct Drive Operator
 Fused for short circuit protection or Unfused available
 Load Break to max
2400 kVAR @ 5 kV or
15 kV
5
0

Division - Name - Date - Language
 Necessary to Detune network to prevent resonance when large harmonic producing loads are present
 Reactors Filter dominant harmonic (usually the 5th)
5
1

Division - Name - Date - Language
 Single or Three phase laminated low hysteresis reactors with precision air gap
 All copper windings, mounted on insulated bushings up to 95 kV
BIL
 Current Limiting Reactors in standard systems are Air or Iron
Core
5
2

Division - Name - Date - Language
 Modular Style Design either indoor NEMA 1 or outdoor NEMA
3R (others available)
 All Silver-Flashed Copper Bus
• Better fault withstand ratings
(50kA IC standard)
5
3

Division - Name - Date - Language
 Removable Panels over bolted steel frame
• Rigid construction while allowing ease of servicing
 Standard ASA49 Gray paint finish. Other finishes available upon request.
5
4

Division - Name - Date - Language
 Key interlocks standard
• Electrical interlocks standard
 Tamper resistant interlocked ground switch for each capacitor stage
 Viewing windows to ensure ground switch and main switch operation
5
5

Division - Name - Date - Language
 Control Cabinet mounted rear or side of main (remote mounting optional)
 Optional thermostatically controlled, ball bearing fans
 Welded lifting eyes
 Three point door latch
5
6

Schneider Electric
Power Quality Correction Group
255 Orenda Road
Bramalea, Ontario, L6T 1E6 www.reactivar.com
Tel.: (905) 459-8805
Fax: (905) 454-3603
Division - Name - Date - Language
Division - Na me - Da te - Lan gua ge
Schneider Electric Can ada Inc.
19 Waterman Avenue
Toronto, Ontario, M4B 1Y2 www.schneider-electric.ca
Tel.: (416) 752-8020
Fax: (416) 752-6230
© 2001 Schneider Electric Can ada, All Rights Reserved June, 2001 5
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