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S5 Orthographic Projections
Study Guide
Directions:
1) Download this document (it will go to your download folder) Use the File Icon (Windows Explorer) to
navigate to your download folder. Cut or copy and paste the file to your S5 theory folder on the your hard
Drive.
2) Use Ms Word on your hard drive to edit your copy of the document.
3) Click on the Hidden Header at the top of the document and type Your Name Hour & Team Number. (if
this step does not work ask Mrs. Kitchen for help before continuing.
4) Complete whatever you can today. The last 10 minutes of class print this document and turn it in
to Mrs. Kitchen Today (done or Not)
PART 1 -
Find the link that looks like this near the top of the Anchor Bay CAD
Segment 5 webpage 5. ADDA COMPETENCY 5 - ORTHOGRAPHIC
PROJECTION open the document and use it to answer the
following questions. (If you cannot figure out the answer to any of
part 1 you may find the answers in part 2 so skip the ones you do
not know and come back to them later)
1) List the rule for
selecting the
number of
required views.
2) Complete the
following
sentences for the
three precedence
of lines used in
drafting rules.
Draw only the number of views required to completely describe the object so
that it may be manufactured with repeatability.
3) List the three
most common
views displayed in
3rd Angle
projection.
4) Insert the image
for 3rd angle
projection symbol
to the right
Top, Front, and Side
5) List the 3 points
listed in the text
1. First angle projection is used outside the United States and most Canadian
Drawings.
a) Visible line has precedence over hidden____ and __center____ lines.
b) Hidden line has precedence over ____centerline____ lines.
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about 1st angle
projection.
6) Insert the image
for 1st angle
projection symbol
to the right
7)When line CD is
projected to the
given plane, it will
appear to be:
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2. Views are projected on planes behind the part.
3. First angle projections are usually drawn in metric.
UNDERLINE & BOLD YOUR ANSWER
A) Point
B) Foreshortened
C) Truncated
D) Oblique
8) Straight lines that
do not meet or
intersect and are an
equal distance apart
at all points are
known as
perpendicular lines.
UNDERLINE & BOLD YOUR ANSWER
True
False
9) In orthographic
projection, the
projection lines are?
UNDERLINE & BOLD YOUR ANSWER
a. At a 45° angle to the surface projected.
b. Parallel to the surface projected.
c. Perpendicular to the surface projected.
d. Adjacent to the projection plane.
10) Outside the
United States and
Canada the rest of
the industrial world
uses which type of
orthographic
projection?
First angle projection
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11) Pick the missing
view indicated by
the question mark.
ANSWER: A
12) Pick the correct
view as indicated by
the arrow and
question mark.
ANSWER: D
13) Pick the correct
view as indicated by
the arrow and
question mark.
14) The United
States uses 1st
angle projection for
orthographic views.
PART 2
15) How do
engineers
determine which
type of sketch is
appropriate for the
design problem in
question?
ANSWER: B
UNDERLINE & BOLD YOUR ANSWER:
True
False
Use the 1st Reading Link under MULTI-VIEW CONCEPTS & THEORIES
TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS & Define the terms.
Communicating their ideas through some form of a drawing or sketch
Define the following terms (get these from the reading)
16) projection
theory
17) lines of sight
LOS
18) parallel
projection
Comprises the principles used to graphically represent 3D objects and
structures on 2D media such as a paper and the computer screen.
Imaginary rays of light between an observer’s eye and an object
19) plane of
projection
an imaginary flat plane upon which the image created by the LOS is
projected.
20) multiview
orthographic
projection
An object behind the plane of projection is oriented in such a way that
only two of its dimensions are shown
Requires that the object be positioned at infinity and viewed from
multiple points on an imaginary line parallel to the object
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21) frontal plane
projection
22) horizontal plane
projection
23) profile plane of
projection
24) principle view
25) fold lines
26) adjacent views
27) related views
28) alphabet of lines
29) edge line
30) normal line
31) inclined line
32) oblique line
33) principal plane
34) inclined plane
35) oblique plane
36) adjacent
37) symbol
38) indicate
39) transfer
40) Explain
conventional view
placement and
alternative view
arrangement
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Is the plane onto which the view selected as the front of an object is
projected
A plane suspened above and parallel to the top of the object
A plane that is parallel to the right side of the object
The six mutually perpendicular views that are produced by six mutually
perpendicular planes of projection
The imaginary hinged edges of the glass box
Two views separated by 90 degrees of viewing rotation
Two views that are adjacent to the same view
A set of standard linetypes established by the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers (ASME) for technical drawing
The intersection of two planes and is represented as a line on multimew
drawings
An edge line that is parallel to a plane of projection and thus
perpendicular to the lines of sight
Parallel to a plane of projection but inclined to the adjacent planes, and
it appears foreshortened in the adjacent planes
Not parallel to any principal plane of projection
Parallel to one of the principal planes of projection and is therefore
perpendicular to the lines of sight
Perpendicular to one plane of projection and inclined to adjacent planes
Not parallel to any of the principal planes of projectoin
You Can Google the definitions to the following :
Lying near
Something used for or regarded as representing something else
To be a sign of
To convey or remove from one place, person, etc. to another
Conventional view placement – the three-view multiview drawing is the
standard used in engineering and technology, because many times the
other three principal views are mirror images and do not add to the
knowledge about the object.
Alternative view arrangement – two orthohgraphic views are placed next
to each other in such a way that the dimension they share in common is
aligned, using parallel projectors.
41) Insert and
example of the each
image discussed in
the question above.
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Conventional
Alternative
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42) INSERT an
example of the
alphabet of lines
image with a legend
(description of each
line and its
thickness) to the
right you may
expand as needed.
43) Explain when
you need two use
only 1 view
One view drawings are used in electrical, civil, and construction
engineering
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44) Explain what
type of objects
should only use 2
views
45) List and explain
the 4 steps for
selecting views that
are listed on page
282 of the text.
46) List and explain
the rules for
orthographic
projection (hint: you
may have to scroll
around the text to
find all of these)
47) List the names
of the six Principle
Views used in
orthographic
Projection.
48) Describe the
major differences
between parallel
projection and
perspective
projection.
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Cylindrical, conical, and pyramidal shapes are examples of such objects
1. Determine the best position of the object. The object must be
positioned with the imaginary glass box in such a way that the surfaces
of major features are either perpendicular or parallel to the glass planes.
2. Define the front view. The front view should show the object in its
natural or assembled state and be the most descriptive. For example,
the front view of an automobile would show the automobile in its natural
position, on its wheels
3. Determine the minimum number of views needed to completely
describe the object so it can be produced.
4. After the front view is selected, determine which other views will have
the fewest number of hidden lines.
Projection theory explains the ruels and comprises the principles used to
graphically represent 3D objects and structures on 2D media such as
paper and the computer screen. All projection theory is based on two
variables: line of sight and plane of projection.
Line of sight (rule) are imaginary rays of light between an eye and an
object. These are also called projectors. When an object in your line of
sight
Front, top, right side, left side, bottom, rear
Parallel projection requires that the object be positioned at infinity and
viewed from multiple points on an imaginary line parallel to the object,
while perspective projection requires that the object be positioned at a
finite distance and viewed from a single point, the station point.
Use the MULTIVIEW REPRESENTATIONS Reading to complete the
following section (Define the following terms from the reading)
49) point
50) edge view
51) foreshortened
plane
52) through hole
53) blind hole
54) counter bored
holes
55) fillet
Represents a specific position in space and has no width, height, or
depth
Line when it is parallel to the lines of sight in the current view
Neither parallel nor perpendicular to the lines of sight
Hole that goes all the way through an object, is represented in one view
as two parallel hidden lines for the limiting elements, and the hole is
shown as a circle in the adjacent view
One that is not drilled all the way through the material
Used to allow the heads of bolts to be flush with or below the surface of
the part
Rounded interior corner, normally found on cast, forged, or plastic parts
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56) round
57) chamfer
58) runout
59) adjacent areas
60) partial view
61) revolution
convention
62) bolt circles
63) removed view
64) eliminate
65) ambiguity
66) distorted
67) draft angle
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Rounded exterior corner, normally found on cast, forged, or plastic parts
Beveled corner used on the openings of holes and the ends of
cylindrical parts to eliminate sharp corners
A special method of representing filleted surfaces that are tangent to
cylinders
Similar to adjacent views, are surfaces that reside next to each other
Shows only what is necessary to completely describe an object
You must visualize the object as if the ribs are revolved into alignment
with the vertical center line in the front view
Revolution conventions also can be used on parts that have bolt circles,
which represent the positioning of bolts
Complete or partial orthographic view that shows details more clearly
You Can Google the definitions to the following :
To remove or get rid of, especially as being in some way undesirable
Doubtfulness or uncertainty of meaning or intention
Not truly or completely representing the facts or reality
An angle incorporated into a wall of a mold so that the opening of the
cavity is wider than its base
68) Insert and image
example in the
column to the right
of the following
Fillet
Round
Chamfer.
Fillets and
Rounds
Chamfer
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69) List the 4 things
adjacent areas
represent.
70) Explain the use
of surface labeling
71) Describe the
method used for
locating missing
lines in an
incomplete
multiview drawing.
72) Explain vertex
labeling.
73) Identify the
three things a point
can represent.
74) Explain the basic
techniques for
creating a physical
model.
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1. surfaces at different levels.
2. inclined or oblique surfaces.
3. cylindrical surfaces.
4. a combination of the above.
When multiview drawings are created from a given pictorial view,
surfaces are labeled to check the accuracy of the solution.
Study each view and add any missing lines to the incomplete views.
Lines may be missing in one or more other lines.
During vertex labeling: vertices, including hidden ones are labeled with
numbers
The end view of a line.
The intersection of two lines.
A specific position in space.
The two basic techniques for creating these models are cutting the 3D
form out of a rectangular shape and using analysis of solids.
Use the NORMAL VIEWS Reading to complete the following section
75) List the 3
Top, Front, Right Side
"normal Views"
76) Normal
surfaces
Explain the following terms. & Insert and image of each
Normal surfaces are either horizontal or vertical in space. (Parallel to
or perpendicular to the Solid Edge reference planes).
77) Inclined
surfaces
Inclined surfaces have a single slant in space. These surfaces are
very common in construction (roofs) and on machine parts.
78) Oblique
surfaces
Oblique surfaces have a double slant in space They are referred to
as compound-angle surfaces.
79) Oblique Views
Oblique Views -neither perpendicular nor parallel to a given
line or surface;slanting; sloping.
Most objects have six sides therefore six views may result we explain
the theory of projecting all six views by imagining a galss box can help
you understand how you can move it around to see all sides.
80) Explain the
Glass Box method
of getting views of
an object. (You
may need to watch
the video's on the
site to understand)
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