Document 600
SITE SPECIFIC HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN
CHAPTER: EWB-MAP
COUNTRY: El Salvador
COMMUNITY: Las Delicias
PROJECT: Water Project
TRIP TYPE: Implementation, Phase 1
TRAVEL DATES: May, 2012
PREPARED BY
Adam Brostow
Brian Hamill
February 15, 2012
ENGINEERS WITHOUT BORDERS-USA
www.ewb-usa.org
EMERGENCY CONTACT PAGE/PROTOCOLS (Form 606)
Place holder for completed and printed 606 document
DIRECTIONS & MAP TO MEDICAL FACILITY
Nearest location on the map from Las Delicias is Lourdes (5 KM away). One of the several
good hospitals within short (30-45 min) driving distance is Hospital de Diagnostico y
Emergencias (ESCALON) Address: Paseo general Escalón y 99 Ave Norte Plaza
Villavicencio Phone: 2264-4422 Emergencies: 2264-4422.
There is a small clinic run by the NGO in Las Delicias (see site map in following sections)
Here is the map and directions:
3D2D
Driving directions to Paseo General Escalon, San Salvador, El Salvador
Lourdes
El Salvador
1. Head southwest
220 m
2. Continue straight onto CA 8W
1.0 km
3. Slight right toward Carretera Panamericana
450 m
4. Turn right onto Carretera Panamericana
7.9 km
5. Slight right toward Diego de Holguin
140 m
6. Continue straight onto Diego de Holguin
300 m
7. Sharp left onto Bulevar Diego de Holguin
6.3 km
8. Exit on the left onto Avenida Jerusalen
2.1 km
9. At the traffic circle, take the 1st exit onto Paseo General Escalon
850 m
Paseo General Escalon
San Salv
Other hospitals include:
Hospital de Diagnostico y Emergencias Address: 21 Calle poniente y 2a diagonal #429 Urb.
La Esperanza Phone: 2226-5111 & 2225-3073 Emergencies: 2226-5111.
Hospital de la Mujer Address: Between 81 & 83 Ave. Sur Calle Juan J Cañas Colonia
Escalón Phone: 2265-1212, 2265-1210, 2263-5111 X-ray: 2263-5132 Emergencies: 22651212.
Hospital Centro Ginecológico Address: 2a Diagonal Urb. La Esperanza Phone: 22261899/1788/1911/1122 Admin/Fax: 2247-1400 Lab: 2247-1141/ 1143 Emergencies: 22421122.
Hospital Bloom (Pediatric Hospital) Address: 25 Avenida Norte (downtown) Phone: 22254114 Emergencies: 2286-3451.
Hospital Militar Central Address: Avenida Bernal y Calle Constitución Phone: 2250-0080
Emergencies: 2274-6067.
PERSONAL HEALTH CHECKLIST (Form 603)
Attached
SIGNATURE PAGE
Engineers Without Borders - USA
Site-Specific Health and Safety Plan
Project Information
Name:
Las Delicias Water Project
Location:
El Salvador
Chapter:
EWB-MAP
Travel Dates
Start Date:
5/2012
End Date:
6/2012
Project Team H&S Representative Signatures
The undersigned confirm that all the information contained in this document is current and
correct as of __________ and that all travel team members will be briefed on the contents
prior to travel.
Health & Safety Officer #1:
Adam Brostow
Health & Safety Officer #2:
Date:
Feb. 15, 2012
Date:
Project Lead:
Brian Hamill
Date:
Feb. 15, 2012
U.S. Check-In Contact:
Richard Cairncross
Date:
Feb. 15, 2012
Professional Mentor:
N/A
Date:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EMERGENCY CONTACT PAGE/PROTOCALS (FORM 606) ....................................................
......................................................................................................................................................... 0
DIRECTIONS & MAP TO MEDICAL FACILITY ....................................................................... i
PERSONAL HEALTH CHECKLISTS (Form 603) ..................................................................... iii
SIGNATURE PAGE ...................................................................................................................... 0
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Site Background & Description ............................................................................................ 5
1.2 History Of Prior Activities At The Site ................................................................................ 0
1.3 Contractors And Other Parties .............................................................................................. 0
2.0 ORGANIZATION AND COORDINATION ........................................................................... 7
2.1 Key Project Personnel ........................................................................................................... 0
Table 2.1 – Key Project Personnel .......................................................................................... 7
2.2 Health and Safety Personnel ................................................................................................. 8
Table 2.2 – Health And Safety Personnel ............................................................................... 8
2.3 Team Member Responsibilities ............................................................................................ 8
Table 2.3 – Team Member Responsibilities ........................................................................... 8
3.0 TASK DESCRIPTIONS ......................................................................................................... 10
3.1 Specific Scope of Work ........................................................................................................ 0
3.2 Point-to Point Travel Details .............................................................................................. 10
Table 3.2: Point To Point Travel Details ............................................................................. 10
3.3 Project Schedule.................................................................................................................... 0
Table 3.3 – Schedule ............................................................................................................. 12
4.0 TASK SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ANALYSES ........................................................... 12
4.1Preliminary Evaluation .......................................................................................................... 0
Table 4.1 – Task Health & Safety Risk Analysis ................................................................. 12
4.2 Security .............................................................................................................................. 13
4.3 Chemical Hazards ............................................................................................................... 13
4.4 Biological Hazards .............................................................................................................. 13
4.5 Physical Hazards ................................................................................................................... 0
5.0 COMMUNICATIONS ........................................................................................................... 16
5.1 On Site Communications ...................................................................................................... 0
5.1.1 Cell Phones .................................................................................................................. 16
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5.1.2 Radios .......................................................................................................................... 16
5.1.3 Hand Signals ................................................................................................................ 16
5.1.4 Emergency Signals....................................................................................................... 16
5.1.5 Translator Names ......................................................................................................... 16
5.2 Offsite Communications ....................................................................................................... 0
5.2.1 Cell Phones .................................................................................................................. 17
5.2.2 International SOS ......................................................................................................... 17
5.2.3 Email ............................................................................................................................ 17
5.2.4 Local Medical Clinic / Nearest Medical Professional ................................................. 17
5.2.5 Fire Response ............................................................................................................... 17
5.2.6 Police Response ........................................................................................................... 18
5.3 US . Check-In Contact ........................................................................................................ 18
6.0 PROTOCOLS ......................................................................................................................... 19
6.1 Task By Task Health & Safety Protocols ............................................................................. 0
01 Noise And Hearing Conservation ................................................................................... 19
02 Inclement Weather .......................................................................................................... 19
03 Heat Stress ...................................................................................................................... 19
04 Cold Stress ...................................................................................................................... 19
05 Footcare........................................................................................................................... 19
06 Confined Space ............................................................................................................... 19
07 Hot Work ........................................................................................................................ 19
08 Manual Lifting ................................................................................................................ 20
09 Rough Terrain ................................................................................................................. 20
10 Housekeeping .................................................................................................................. 20
11 Structural Hazards ........................................................................................................... 20
12 Remote Areas .................................................................................................................. 20
13 Working Over/Near Water .............................................................................................. 20
14 Traffic ............................................................................................................................. 20
15 Heavy Equipment Operations ......................................................................................... 20
16 Fall Protection ................................................................................................................. 20
17 Ladders ............................................................................................................................ 20
18 Shoring and Trenching .................................................................................................... 20
19 Hazardous Materials Use and Storage ............................................................................ 20
20 Demolition ...................................................................................................................... 20
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Health & Safety Plan
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21 Active and Abandoned Utilities and Landmines ............................................................ 21
22 Electrical Safety .............................................................................................................. 21
23 Hand and Power Tools .................................................................................................... 21
24 Hand and Emergency Signals ......................................................................................... 21
25 Lock Out Tag Out ........................................................................................................... 21
26 Biological Hazards .......................................................................................................... 21
27 Hazardous Materials ....................................................................................................... 21
28 Clearing, Grubbing, and Logging ................................................................................... 21
29 Falling Objects, Punctures, Abrasions, Dust, and Noise ................................................ 22
30 Silica ............................................................................................................................... 22
6.2 Emergency Response Plans .................................................................................................. 0
Designated Meeting Point ....................................................................................................... 0
Land Ambulance Service ...................................................................................................... 22
Air Ambulance Service ......................................................................................................... 22
7.0 TRAINING ............................................................................................................................. 23
7.1 Pre Mobilization Training ..................................................................................................... 0
7.2 On Site Training .................................................................................................................. 23
8.0 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) ................................................................ 26
8.1 Rationale For Use ............................................................................................................... 26
8.2 Criteria For Selection .......................................................................................................... 26
8.3 Listing By Task ................................................................................................................... 26
9.0 SITE CONTROL MEASURES .............................................................................................. 27
9.1 Exclusion Zones .................................................................................................................... 0
Atmospheric ............................................................................................................................ 0
Physical Zones ...................................................................................................................... 27
9.2 Site Hygiene .......................................................................................................................... 0
10.0 MEDICAL CONSIDERATIONS ......................................................................................... 28
10.1 Medications and Vaccinations ............................................................................................ 0
10.2 Location of and person responsible for First Aid Kit(s) ..................................................... 0
10.3 Exposure/Injury/Medical Support (on site and off) .......................................................... 28
10.4 Medical Treatment Facilities (Location & Transportation) ................................................ 0
10.5 Incident Reporting ............................................................................................................ 28
11.0 POST MOBILIZATION REPORTING ............................................................................... 29
11.1 System To Capture And Report Project Related Injury And Illness .................................. 0
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Health & Safety Plan
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11.2 Participant Signatures ....................................................................................................... 29
ATTACHMENT A: AREA MAP .................................................................................................. 1
Table A-1: Area Site Coordinates .............................................................................................. 0
Picture A-1: Area Map ............................................................................................................... 1
ATTACHMENT B: PROJECT SITE MAP ................................................................................... 0
Table B-1: Site Coordinates ....................................................................................................... 1
Picture B-1: Project Site Coordinates ........................................................................................ 1
ATTACHMENT C: TASK HAZARD ANALYSES ..................................................................... 0
Table C-1 – Site Specific Task Hazard Analysis .................................................................... 1
ATTACHMENT D: PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT ANALYSES ........................... 0
Table D-1 – Implementation PPE Analysis ............................................................................ 1
ATTACHMENT E: MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS (MSDS) ........................................ 1
Anticipated Chemicals ................................................................................................................ 0
Calcium Hypochlorite General Information ..............................Error! Bookmark not defined.
ATTACHMENT F: POTENTIAL VENOMOUS SNAKES & SPIDERS .................................... 1
ATTACHMENT G: TRAINING COPY CERTIFICATES ........................................................... 1
ATTACHMENT H: REQUIRED MEDICAL CONTENTS .......................................................... 1
ATTACHMENT I: TASK HAZARD MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES...................................... 1
Task Hazards List ....................................................................................................................... 1
ATTACHMENT J: INCIDENT REPORT FORM & ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS ...................... 1
ATTACHMENT K: EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN (FORM 614) ........................................ 1
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Site Background & Description
Las Delicias is a community of about 600 homes and 3000 people situated on the western slopes
of Volcan San Salvador about 15 miles northwest of San Salvador, the capital of El Salvador.
The community is fairly sparse and anticipates growth to over 1000 families over the next 20
years. The communities residents suffer from lack of employment, but over recent years several
NGOs have begun making improvements within the community that are improving living
conditions, health, and education.
The residences of Las Delicias are Latin American and mostly agricultural. Some are
Indigenous. The Village of Las Delicias was disrupted during the civil war, as were many
villages, there is no real governmental involvement. There is some military and police presence.
Most community event planning is done through the parish council. Unemployment is very high.
Those who are employed work in garment factories or agricultural labor. The average income is
around $10 a week. Most people are Catholic.
Las Delicias has a water supply system that was installed about 20 years ago. This system
includes buried piping to individual households, three storage tanks at upper elevations in the
community, over 150 valves to control distribution, a well at a lower elevation in the community
and a pumping station with two pumps: (1) submersible pump in the well and (2) transfer pump
for delivering water to two of the storage tanks. The three storage tanks all receive water by
gravity from a spring located several kilometers away on the mountain and two of the storage
tanks receive water from the well. The well pump and transfer pump operate about 4-6 hours per
day. Water flows by gravity from the tanks to individual households. The valves throughout the
community are operated manually by a single operator who walks throughout the community
controlling which zones have running water at various times during the day. However due to
topology and limitations of the piping system design, the water supply to individual households
varies considerably. Some homes receive water almost every day whereas other homes
reportedly receive water less than once per week. A culture of scarcity exists in the community
so that when the water is running, residents collect water into many available containers so that
they will continue to have water until the next time the water is running.
1.2 History of Prior Activities At The Site
EWB/MAP was originally contacted by Dave Haeussler, who gave a presentation regarding this
project. Dave became involved with the NGO (Project FIAT). He has been working in the
community for some time building clinics, roads and dwellings, through his local church in
Philadelphia.
While working in the community, Dave became aware of an ongoing health problem stemming
from scarcity of clean potable water. There is an existing system that pumps water from a well
to holding tanks which in turn supply water through a gravity piping distribution system to
approximately 500 homes. The supply is sporadic and the cost of pumping prohibitive to the
community.
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El Salvador, Las Delicias
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Project FIAT recognized the problem and realized that engineering expertise was required to
develop solutions. After Dave made his presentation to EWB/MAP we decided to help and
submitted the project application which was approved.
In 2010 we went on the first assessment trip, tested the existing system, analyzed water samples,
and performed a heath survey.
The existing system includes a well pump, a booster pump, holding cistern, piping to three
storage tanks and a gravity piping distribution system to approximately 500 homes. It has been
found that the system generally operates as designed but has some basic deficiencies making it
expensive to operate and making water distribution inequitable. The main issue is pumping cost.
The residents simply cannot afford it. The way the system operates, all water is pumped to high
elevation and then gravity-distributed to the village. If about 50% of water as pumped to an
intermediate elevation so serve half of the village located below this elevation, one could save
about 30% of the pumping cost or, conversely, supply 30% more water for the current pumping
cost.
The analyzed well water samples were clean. The issue is the method residents use to store
water. Since the water is available for only about four hours per day, the residents store it in all
variety of containers for later use. This may contribute to the presence of Dengue fever and to
the fact that over 80% of children in the village are infected with parasites (although other
causes, such as walking barefoot, are possible).
After the first assessment trip we concluded that there are two ways to reduce pumping cost: (a)
drill a new well at a higher elevation, (b) add an additional tank at an intermediate elevation.
In November of 2012 we went on the second assessment trip. We concluded that the most viable
solution is to add another tank at an intermediate elevation and a new dedicated pump to pump
about 50% of water to the new tank. We identified the location of the new tank and the necessary
tie-in points to the existing water supply and distribution system. We established new contacts,
including with office of the Mayor of San Juan Opico, the local public health representative, and
engineers working with the local Rotary Club.
1.3 Contractors And Other Parties
We will do the new tank construction with the help of the local villagers supervised by a local
engineer working with Rotary Club – Daniel Rivera Campos. We will have two EWB-MAP
people on the ground at all times to coordinate the efforts. We will be driven to the site by
drivers from Project FIAT. We will work with the local Water Committee (ADESCO).
Daniel Rivera Campos, Rotary Club, INGESTSA, San Salvador, Civil Engineer
Alameda Dr. Manuel Enrique Araujo
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Edificio Plaza Suiza
3a Planta Local LC-6, San Salvador
El Salvador
ingestsa@gmail.com
7887-2238
2279-2023
Dora Alicia Martinez, ADESCO Treasurer, Las Delicias (water money supervisor)
dorapastora@hotmail.com
7794-1079
Jose Castro, ADESCO Secretary, Las Delicias
jecastrozz@yahoo.com
Carmen Morena Barerra (probably BARRERA), R.N.,Community Health Coordinator (Promotora de
Salud), Las Delicias, El Salvador
carmenmorena_17@hotmail.com
7439-3315
2.0 ORGANIZATION AND COORDINATION
2.1 Key Project Personnel
The key project personnel are identified in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1 – Key Project Personnel
POSITION
TEAM
MEMBER
EMAIL
PHONE
CHAPTER
Project Lead
Brian Hamill
bhamill@hardestyhanover.com
610-306-0782
EWB-MAP
Chapter President
Walt
Walker
walt.walker@hotmail.com
NA
EWB-MAP
Faculty Advisor
N/A
Professional
Mentor/Technical
Lead
Adam
Brostow
Translator
N/A
NGO/Community
Sister Gloria
Petrone
EWB-MAP
El Salvador, Las Delicias
EWB-XYZ
mountainelm@verizon.net
610-762-0911
EWB-MAP
gjpetrone@msn.com
215-468-6368
Project FIAT
Health & Safety Plan
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2.2 Health and Safety Personnel
The health and safety personnel are identified in Table 2.2.
Table 2.2 – Health And Safety Personnel
POSITION
TEAM
MEMBER
EMAIL
PHONE
CHAPTER
Health & Safety
Officer #1
Adam Brostow
mountainelm@verizon.net
610-762-0911
EWB-MAP
Health & Safety
Officer #2
Brian Hamill
bhamill@hardestyhanover.com
610-306-0782
EWB-MAP
cairncross@drexel.edu
610-717-6720
EWB-MAP
Health & Safety
Officer #3
Health & Safety
Officer #4
Health & Safety
Officer #5
Health & Safety
Officer #6
U.S. Check-In
Contact
Rich
Cairncross
2.3 Team Member Responsibilities
The team member responsibilities are identified in Table 2.3 “Team Member Responsibilities”.
Table 2.3 – Team Member Responsibilities
TEAM MEMBER
ROLE
Lisa Schneider
Implementation
Dan O’Connor
Implementation
Paolo Belfiore
Implementation
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3.0 TASK DESCRIPTIONS
3.1 Specific Scope of Work
During the implementation trip, phase 1, we plan to
1) Construct a new water tank at a location identified previously
2) Add about 400 m. of water supply line to the new tank connecting to the existing line.
3) Add or at least identify tie-in points to the existing distribution system
4) The new pump will be added later, during another implementation trip.
3.2 Point-to Point Travel Details
The implementation trip will involve the following travel:
Table 3.2: Point To Point Travel Details
TRAVEL DATES
May, 2012
May, 2012
EWB-MAP
El Salvador, Las Delicias
TRAVEL DESCRIPTION
Arrive in San Salvador airport
- 13°26′27.41″N
- 89°03′20.62″W
Stay every night at Casa Voluntariado Santa Rafaela Maria
121 y 125 Hector Silva Romero
Colonia Medica
San Salvador
(Project FIAT)
- Tel: 011-(503) 2226-7601 or (7615)
- Travel most every day to Las Delicias
- 13°44′55″N
- 89°20′38″W
- Tel: 001-610-762-0911 (Adam Brostow’s cell phone with
international roaming)
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TRAVEL DATES
TRAVEL DESCRIPTION
May-June, 2012
EWB-MAP
El Salvador, Las Delicias
Depart from San Salvador airport
- 13°26′27.41″N
- 89°03′20.62″W
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3.3 Project Schedule
The activities scheduled for this trip are indicated in Table 3.3 titled “Schedule”.
Table 3.3 – Schedule
We’re planning to have two members of EWB-MAP on the ground for about a week for each of
the 3-4-weeks required to build the tank. The members will rotate.
Each one-week trip will be planned out as follows:
1.
2.
Travel
Orientation and initial meeting with Daniel from the Rotary and ADESCO (the water
committee) at the village
Evaluation of construction work progress
Meeting with community members to discuss priorities
Travel
3.
4.
5.
4.0 TASK SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ANALYSES
4.1Preliminary Evaluation
A brief summary of tasks and associated general hazards are further defined in the following
table. This is our third trip. The routine is the same. We are being driven every day from the
Project FIAT guest house (wall, security guards, clean food) to the site by a dedicated driver. We
avoid eating outside of the guesthouse.
Table 4.1 – Task Health & Safety Risk Analysis
Example 1 – Implementation Trip
TASK
ID
TASK
01
Travel to/from Site
02
Eating / Drinking
X
03
Trail Hiking
X
X
06
Surveying
X
X
05
Supervising Tank Construction
X
X
06
Supervising Pipeline Construction
X
X
EWB-MAP
El Salvador, Las Delicias
CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL
HAZARDS
HAZARDS
PHYSICAL
HAZARDS
X
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4.2 Security
As of July 28, 2010, the ISOS Rating for El Salvador is MEDIUM. The ISOS summary of risk is
as follows:
“Opportunistic and violent crime present the main security risks to foreign personnel. Individuals
are targeted based on perceived wealth and it is advisable to exercise caution while in tourist
areas and crowded marketplaces. Street crime, such as bag-snatching, is a problem. Travelers to
the Honduran border region should consider travelling with a local guide because there are
concerns over landmines and unexploded ordnance close to the border. The country is vulnerable
to tropical storms and hurricanes during the Caribbean region's hurricane season (JuneNovember), which can cause severe travel disruption. Internal travel and communications are
complicated by infrastructure deficiencies”
As of July 28, 2010, the U.S. State Department has no Travel Warnings for El Salvador. This trip
is registered with the U.S. Embassy. Up-to-date security information can be found by calling 1888-407-3737 in the U.S./Canada or 202-501-4444. This line is open from 8am-8pm Eastern
Time M-F. The U.S. State Department security entry on El Salvador reads (in part) as follows.
“Most travelers to El Salvador experience no safety or security problems, but the criminal threat
in El Salvador is critical. Random and organized violent crime is endemic throughout El
Salvador. U.S. citizens have not been singled out by reason of their nationality, but are subject
to the same threat as all other persons in El Salvador. See the section below on Crime for
additional related information.
Political or economic issues in the country may give rise to demonstrations, sit-ins or protests at
any time or place, but these activities occur most frequently in the capital or on its main access
roads. U.S. citizens are cautioned to avoid areas where demonstrations are being held and to
follow local news media reports or call the U.S. Embassy for up-to-date information. “
In 2011 El Salvador was named one of the main drug smuggling routes with Mexican cartels
(Zetas) and local gangs (Maras) involved. EWB-USA issued warning for teams traveling to
Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador.
4.3 Chemical Hazards
Chemical hazards are not anticipated for the implementation trip. If a chemical hazard is
encountered during the trip, proper skin and respiratory protection will be utilized.
4.4 Biological Hazards
The following web site gives information about health hazards in El Salvador:
http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/el-salvador.htm
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There is no malaria in San Juan Opico (where Las Delicias is located). Dengue fever is a serious
issue and may be a problem from May (the beginning of the trip) to October. Team members will
use insect repellent and appropriate clothes spayed with permethrin.
Waterborne and food-borne diseases are a concern; as a result the EWB team will utilize food
and water transported to the site from established safe sources. No vaccines are required to
travel to El Salvador. Recommended vaccinations include yellow fever, typhoid, and hepatitis
A.
In addition, working in a moist tropical environment will increase the risk of exposure to
parasitic organisms. Such exposure is also possible through improperly prepared food and
drinking unclean water. Team’s members will limit avoid prolonged exposure to wet
environments and eat only safely prepared food and drink bottled water. No direct contact with
water will be allowed or is anticipated.
A post trip health assessment is recommended for all travelers 2-4 months after return from the
trip. All general information regarding possible adverse health effects from the trip will be
submitted to EWB-USA by the Health and Safety leads to aid in future trip preparations.
El Salvador has several common species of venomous snakes and insects. The most commonly
known are the Guatemalan jumping pit viper, Cantil frijolillo, Middle American rattlesnake,
Western Hog-nosed pit viper, and the Coral snake. Summaries and photos of these snakes have
been included in the Appendix. El Salvador also has several varieties of scorpions and spiders,
including the South American Wandering Spider. The Hospital De Metapan has several of the
common anti-venoms in stock.
Relevant management strategies include:
 TH 10 Housekeeping
 TH 13 Working Over/Near Water
 TH 26 Biological Hazards
4.5 Physical Hazards
Physical hazards exist in every significant phase of the project, from traveling on foot and in
vehicles to and from the project site, to all tasks listed in Section 3.1. The following physical
hazards have been identified at the project site:
- Heat stress is possible at all times, particularly at times of heavy manual labor. May is the
hottest month.
- Foot care is also important at all phases of the site investigation process due to the site
only being negotiable by foot and the potential for slippery conditions on the roofs.
- Rough terrain is present at the project site in the form of brush and grasses but no rocky
ground or cliffs are present nearby
- Housekeeping is important at all times both at the project site and at the hotel of residence
to limit clutter.
- Remote area work will be performed and proper precautions must be followed such as
not traveling alone
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-
Traffic may be an issue traveling to and from the project site and a minor issue while
adding 400 m of new pipe (there is little traffic within the village).
Fall protection and ladder safety is important at all times during the investigation of the
existing tanks and construction of the new tank.
Potholing will be required to research potential tank locations and special care must be
given to proper sloping and excavation techniques.
Noise protection will be required for operators of power tools and those in close
proximity.
Hand tool (wrenches) is relevant at all times during the installation (an optional)
additional pressure gauge.
Relevant management strategies include:
 TH 02 Inclement Weather
 TH 03 Heat stress
 TH 05 Foot care
 TH 08 Manual Lifting and Handling Of Heavy Objects
 TH 09 Rough Terrain
 TH 10 House keeping
 TH 11 Structural Hazards
 TH 12 Remote Areas
 TH 13 Working Over/Near Water
 TH 14 Traffic
 TH 16 Working At Elevations and Fall Protection
 TH 17 Ladders
 TH 18 Shoring and Trenching
 TH 21 Active and Abandoned Utilities and Landmines
 TH 23 Hand and Power Hand Tools
 TH 26 Biological Hazards
 TH 29 Falling Objects, Punctures, Abrasions, Dust, and Noise
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5.0 COMMUNICATIONS
5.1 On Site Communications
The project team will have the following on site means and methods of communication while on
site and traveling thru the country:
5.1.1 Cell Phones
The team has a minimum of one (1) cellular phone with extended roaming coverage. It has been
determined through a previous trip that cell phone coverage does exist at the project site. The
project manager and primary health and safety officer will have possession of the cell phones.
The following numbers will be programmed into all cell phones when they are purchased:
- Team Cell Phone Numbers
- Group’s Driver
- Local NGO Community Contact
- Local Ambulance Service
The following directions are special dialing and operating instructions for the cell phones:
- None
5.1.2 Radios
The project team also will use a set of 2-way radios for distance communication among the
group in past trips 2-way radio communication has been possible at all remote work sites and
while traveling in multiple vehicles. The radio frequency will be selected while the radios are in
use. The method was successfully tested during the 2nd assessment trip.
5.1.3 Hand Signals
Hand signals will be used as a last resort and Task Hazard management strategy TH 26 “Hand
and Emergency Signals” will be followed when hand signals are used. The team will follow the
task hazard management strategy outlined in TH 24 ‘Hand and Emergency Signals’ when hand
signal use is required.
5.1.4 Emergency Signals
The likelihood of needing emergency signals is likely to be slim but may be necessary in the
event of a storm, natural disaster, or security situation. The team will follow the task hazard
management strategy outlined in TH 24 ‘Hand and Emergency Signals’ when emergency signal
use is required.
The team will use the following radio signal to indicate an emergency one (1) long sound, then
on (1) short sound, followed by one long sound. After such is sent, the team will use a short
sound to indicate to come to the location the team is in trouble or one (1) long sound to indicate
the team needs to meet at the home base outlined in section 6.0.
5.1.5 Translator Names
EWB-MAP
El Salvador, Las Delicias
Health & Safety Plan
Page 16 of 29
Some of the 2-person team members (Adam Brostow, Paolo Belfiore) are fluent in Spanish.
Otherwise, the local NGO contact (Sister Gloria) will provide a translator.
5.2 Offsite Communications
The project team will have the following off site means and methods of communication while on
site and traveling thru the country:
5.2.1 Cell Phones
The team will have a minimum of (1) cellular phone with international roaming. It has been
determined through a previous trip that cell phone coverage does exist at the project site. The
following numbers will be programmed into all cell phones when they are purchased:
- U.S. Check In Contact
- International SOS
- U.S. Embassy
- EWB Chapter Advisor
The following directions are special dialing and operating instructions for the cell phones:
- None
5.2.2 International SOS
EWB-USA has contracted with International SOS, to provide 24-hour access to the latest health,
safety and travel advice worldwide. Their informational website provides information about
vaccinations, country safety, appropriate hospitals and the political stability within the country to
which they are traveling. We strongly recommend that all EWB-USA members visit the ISOS
website and research the country to which you will be traveling to. You may access the service
provided by ISOS through their website www.internationalsos.com or by calling 215.942.8226.
Please note that you will need EWB-USA’s membership number: 11BCPA000270.
Additionally, ISOS provides support to EWB-USA members who face an emergency while
traveling on an approved EWB-USA trip. If you are currently traveling abroad and need
emergency assistance, contact ISOS immediately at 215.942.8226. You will need to provide
them with the EWB-USA membership number 11BCPA000270.
5.2.3 Email
The project team will have access to email thru the use of a computer at the Project FIAT
guesthouse. The team will have an additional smart phone (Android or iPhone).
5.2.4 Local Medical Clinic / Nearest Medical Professional
The US Embassy in San Salvador has compiled a list of doctors in El Salvador that have been
trained in US standards and are competent in English. The following is a list of local hospitals in
San Salvador:
Hospital de Diagnostico y Emergencias (ESCALON) Address: Paseo general Escalón y 99 Ave
Norte Plaza Villavicencio Phone: 2264-4422 Emergencies: 2264-4422.
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Health & Safety Plan
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Hospital de Diagnostico y Emergencias Address: 21 Calle poniente y 2a diagonal #429 Urb. La
Esperanza Phone: 2226-5111 & 2225-3073 Emergencies: 2226-5111.
Hospital de la Mujer Address: Between 81 & 83 Ave. Sur Calle Juan J Cañas Colonia Escalón
Phone: 2265-1212, 2265-1210, 2263-5111 X-ray: 2263-5132 Emergencies: 2265-1212.
Hospital Centro Ginecológico Address: 2a Diagonal Urb. La Esperanza Phone: 22261899/1788/1911/1122 Admin/Fax: 2247-1400 Lab: 2247-1141/ 1143 Emergencies: 2242-1122.
Hospital Bloom (Pediatric Hospital) Address: 25 Avenida Norte (downtown) Phone: 2225-4114
Emergencies: 2286-3451.
Hospital Militar Central Address: Avenida Bernal y Calle Constitución Phone: 2250-0080
Emergencies: 2274-6067.
The complete list for El Salvador can be found at
http://spanish.sansalvador.usembassy.gov/ciudadanos-americanos/lista_medicos.html
5.2.5 Fire Response
Local fire station in Lourdes
5.2.6 Police Response
Local police station in Lourdes
5.3 U.S. Check-In Contact
The US Check-In Contact is Rich Cainrcross. He will be contacted every other day via email or
text message and given a personnel count. We are also maintaining a project blog on the chapter
website (http://ewbelsalvador.wikispaces.com ) that we intend to update while on-site.
If the team fails to make contact, and he is unable to reach the team via team cell phone or text
message within 24 hours, he will contact the EWB-USA Emergency number.
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Health & Safety Plan
Page 18 of 29
6.0 PROTOCOLS
6.1 Task By Task Health & Safety Protocols
The following health and safety considerations / practices (i.e., protocols) will be used during the
implementation trip. The team will focus on accident prevention throughout the entire trip and
Attachment I contains the detailed task hazard management strategies that will be employed to
prevent injuries on each of these project-specific protocols.
01 Noise And Hearing Conservation
The team does not expect to encounter excessive noise and hearing conservation issues during
the trip because we will not be working around heavy equipment or using power hand tools.
02 Inclement Weather
Inclement weather exists in the form of hot humid weather and the potential for torrential
rainfall. Wide brimmed hats, plenty of hydration, and light colored loose clothing are
recommended for participants. The risk of heavy rainfall is increasing, beginning in May. Shelter
is available in the nearby clinic and church.
03 Heat Stress
Bottled water for the day will be obtained every morning at the guest house the group will be
staying at. Lightweight, light-colored, loose-fitting clothing will be recommended. Sunburn
affects a body's ability to cool itself and causes a loss of body fluids. It also causes pain and
damages the skin. Wide-brimmed hats, sunglasses, and sunscreen of SPF 15 or higher (the most
effective products say "broad spectrum" or "UVA/UVB protection" on their labels) 30 minutes
prior to going out are all recommended to combat heat stress and exposure to ultraviolet
radiation.
When working in the heat, monitor the condition of your co-workers and have someone do the
same for you. Heat-induced illness can cause a person to become confused or lose consciousness.
04 Cold Stress
Given the time of travel, the team does not expect to encounter a cold stress situation.
05 Footcare
Sturdy shoes or hikers will be required at all times. Socks made specifically for comfort and
breathability will also be highly advised.
06 Confined Space
A minimal confined space issue will exist during some stages of the tank construction. The team
will use necessary precautions.
07 Hot Work
The team will not be using torches, power hand tools, or chain saws so we do not expect to
encounter any hot work situations.
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Health & Safety Plan
Page 19 of 29
08 Manual Lifting
Lifting is minimal as most of the lifting will be done by local labor.
09 Rough Terrain
All team members will be fit enough to traverse rough terrain and have appropriate footwear to
do so.
10 Housekeeping
All team members will be expected to keep their personal spaces at the hotel free of clutter.
Everyone will participate in grounds keeping of the site at the end of the day.
11 Structural Hazards
Structural hazards are minimal.
12 Remote Areas
Due to the remote nature of the site, everyone is required to travel in groups, if possible with a
Spanish-speaking team member and with one of the team’s mobile phones. Everyone must
inform the Project Manager before leaving the vicinity of the site.
13 Working Over/Near Water
Water will not be encountered while working near the existing water storage tanks. No direct
contact with the water will be allowed. If water is encountered, waterproof boots will be worn at
all times.
14 Traffic
Travel to/from the airport located in San Salvador and the community of Las Delicias will be by
car and driver provided by Project FIAT (the NGO).
15 Heavy Equipment Operations
Heavy equipment (excavators to dig trenches for the pipeline or foundations for the tank) will be
operated by local contractors.
16 Fall Protection
Not required
17 Ladders
There are existing metal ladders on existing tanks but the team members are unlikely to climb
them.
18 Shoring and Trenching
There will be excavations for the planned new tank foundation and the associated pipe. The
anticipated depth of the buried pipe well is approximately 4’.
19 Hazardous Materials Use and Storage
None
20 Demolition
None
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Health & Safety Plan
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21 Active and Abandoned Utilities and Landmines
None
22 Electrical Safety
The team will wear gloves and isolated shoes while working on any electrical item (circuit
breakers, measuring current and voltage of existing pumps). Work is minimal.
23 Hand and Power Tools
The team is unlikely to use hand and power tools as moat of the labor will be done by the locals.
All hand and power tools (if any) will be inspected daily for the proper safety devices (i.e.,
guards, lose blades, damaged cords, etc.) prior the tools use. Power tools may be used only by a
local experienced worker.
Likely hand tools include, wrenches, hand saw, hammer, file, screwdrivers, and pliers. Likely
power tools include a drill with the possibility of an arc welder and acetylene torch (to weld the
new pipe, if required; fittings/flanges are a preferred means of connecting the pipe). All
personnel using these will have proper training in the inspection and use of these tools, including
the use of gloves, safety glasses and any other PPE that would be appropriate. Freddy is a local
certified welder.
24 Hand and Emergency Signals
The team does not expect to use hand and emergency signals during the trip, but to be proactive
we will perform a training session prior to travel, on the first day we are in the country, and
necessary during the trip.
Hand and emergency signals will be required when the ability to vocally communicate is lost
may be necessary in the event of a storm, natural disaster, or security situation.
25 Lock Out Tag Out
Not applicable.
26 Biological Hazards
Biological hazards include water borne and food borne illnesses and parasitic infections. All food
and water will be obtained from previously verified “safe” sources at the guesthouse and certain
restaurants. Uncooked and “washed” food items such as salads and water with ice in it in
restaurants should be avoided. Direct contact will be avoided at all times will any untreated water
source including streams. The tap water at the guesthouse is treated and is safe for bathing and
washing but direct ingestion should be avoided as the actual quality is unknown. Bottled water is
readily available. Recommended vaccinations include yellow fever, typhoid, and hepatitis A.
27 Hazardous Materials
None
28 Clearing, Grubbing, and Logging
N/A
EWB-MAP
El Salvador, Las Delicias
Health & Safety Plan
Page 21 of 29
29 Falling Objects, Punctures, Abrasions, Dust, and Noise
No open shoes, shorts, or sandals are allowed during the implementation trip.
30 Silica
N/A
6.2 Emergency Response Plans
Designated Meeting Point
The designated meeting point for all team members in the event of an emergency will be the
medical clinic in Las Delicias (see map).
Land Ambulance Service
Land ambulance service is available in the town of Lourdes.
Air Ambulance Service
Air ambulance service is available thru ISOS. The phone number for the ambulance service is
2264-7911.
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Health & Safety Plan
Page 22 of 29
7.0 TRAINING
Training will be provided prior to the team departing on the trip and while on site during daily
task hazard review meetings.
7.1 Pre Mobilization Training
All team members (2-person teams) are or will be certified in CPR and have completed, or
signed up for, the first responder medical training (Title 22). Relevant certifications are listed in
Attachment H. A general training and review on the following protocols will be provided prior
to the teams departure:
 TH 02 Inclement Weather
 TH 03 Heat stress
 TH 05 Foot care
 TH 09 Rough Terrain
 TH 10 House keeping
 TH 12 Remote Areas
 TH 13 Working Over/Near Water
 TH 14 Traffic
 TH 26 Biological Hazards
 TH 29 Falling Objects, Punctures, Abrasions, Dust, and Noise
7.2 On Site Training
The Health and Safety Officers will hold daily safety meetings at the project site prior to the
commencement of activities. All relevant hazards potentially encountered over the course of the
day will be identified and management strategies will be discussed.
CPR summary sheets will be carried by each member of the travel team:
EWB-MAP
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Health & Safety Plan
Page 23 of 29
EWB-MAP
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Health & Safety Plan
Page 24 of 29
EWB-MAP
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Health & Safety Plan
Page 25 of 29
8.0 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
Required Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) will include sturdy hiking boots. Additional
PPE, which is task dependant, includes gloves, and waterproof boots.
8.1 Rationale For Use
This project is for the implementation of the site. For this reason, the minimum required PPE
includes sturdy hiking boots.
8.2 Criteria For Selection
Boots will be appropriate for hiking. Waterproof Boots/Gloves will be used for (unlikely)
handling of electrical equipment.
8.3 Listing By Task
Boots will be worn regardless of activities. This is required to instill a safety attitude while on the
project site. Rubber boots will be required if water is encountered during potholing prevent
contact. See Attachment D for a detailed overview by task.
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El Salvador, Las Delicias
Health & Safety Plan
Page 26 of 29
9.0 SITE CONTROL MEASURES
9.1 Exclusion Zones
Atmospheric
The team does not anticipate any atmospheric exclusion zones for this trip as we will not be
working with chemicals or cutting/mixing silica based products.
Physical Zones
The team does not anticipate any physical exclusion zones for this trip as we will not be
performing demolition, excavation, or overhead work tasks.
9.2 Site Hygiene
All team members will be expected to keep their personal spaces at the hotel free of clutter.
Everyone will participate in grounds keeping of the site at the end of the day.
EWB-MAP
El Salvador, Las Delicias
Health & Safety Plan
Page 27 of 29
10.0 MEDICAL CONSIDERATIONS
10.1 Medications and Vaccinations
All travel team members are recommended to obtain a physical prior to departure, and are
required to fill out a personal health and emergency contact form listing medical conditions,
treatments, location of medications, and relevant contact information. Recommended
vaccinations include:
 Current Tetanus
 Typhoid
 Hepatitis A.
Travelers are also advised to maintain US health insurance for at least one year after returning
from the trip. All general information regarding possible adverse health effects from the trip will
be submitted to EWB-USA by the Health and Safety leads to aid in future trip preparations.
Management Strategies are available in Attachment I.
10.2 Location of and person responsible for First Aid Kit(s)
At all times there will be a minimum of (1) HSO at the project site. The HSO will possess at all
times the first aid kit.
10.3 Exposure/Injury/Medical Support (on site and off)
Minor injuries, such as abrasions, will result in on-site treatment by qualified first aid responders.
Significant injuries will result in transportation to the nearest qualified medical clinic.
10.4 Medical Treatment Facilities (Location & Transportation)
The location of and map to the nearest medical treatment facility is identified in the preface and
will be clearly posted at the site.
10.5 Incident Report
The form in Attachment J will be completed within 24 hours of any incident. The incident will
be reported to the appropriate Health and Safety Committee member at the earliest possible time
via telephone or email. The EWB Health and Safety Committee representative for this project is
identified in Section 2.2.
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El Salvador, Las Delicias
Health & Safety Plan
Page 28 of 29
11.0 POST MOBILIZATION REPORTING
11.1 System To Capture And Report Project Related Injury And Illness
Weekly or daily reports will be submitted to the EWB-USA H&S Committee representative as
required until the incident is deemed closed.
11.2 Participant Signatures
HSOs will organize a briefing for EWB-USA participants about this document before departure,
and this document will be available for them to read in its entirety before travel.
Participants are required to acknowledge that they have read, understand, and will comply with
the protocols contained in this document. They will indicate their agreement in the travel waiver
document submitted to EWB-USA.
EWB-MAP
El Salvador, Las Delicias
Health & Safety Plan
Page 29 of 29
ATTACHMENT A: AREA MAP
Table A-1: Area Site Coordinates
Coordinates in Point-to-Point Travel Details
Picture A-1: Area Map
The picture below has coordinates 13°44’57N 89°20’36”W and the white rectangle is an image
of a detailed map of the streets and water system in Las Delicias. The travel team will carry a
copy of the map with them at all times while in Las Delicias.
Chapter Name
Country, Community
Health & Safety Plan
ATTACHMENT A
Page A-1 of A-1
ATTACHMENT B: PROJECT SITE MAP
Table B-1: Site Coordinates
Coordinates in Point-to-Point Travel Details and at the bottom of attached picture
Picture B-1: Project Site Coordinates
The clinic (meeting point) has coordinates 13°45’11N 89°20’52”W
Chapter Name
Country, Community
Health & Safety Plan
ATTACHMENT B
Page B-1 of B-2
New supply pipe and the site of the new tank:
Chapter Name
Country, Community
Health & Safety Plan
ATTACHMENT B
Page B-2 of B-2
09
10
11
12
Chapter Name
Country, Community
01
Travel
X
02
Eating / Drinking
X
03
Trail Hiking
X
04
Work Site
Inspection
05
Labor Oversight
06
Surveying
07
Excavate/Backfill
Trench
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
08
Assemble piping
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
TH 31 – Note Used
TH 30 – Silica
TH 29 – Falling Objects, Punctures,
Abrasions, Dust, And Noise (PPE)
TH 28 – Clear, Grubb, Logging
TH 27 – Hazardous Materials
TH 26 – Biological Hazards
TH 25 – Lock Out Tag Out
TH 24 – Hand & Emergency Signals
TH 23 – Hand and Power Tools
TH 22 – Electrical Safety
TH 21 – Utilities and Landmines
TH 20 – Demolition
TH 19 – Hazardous Mat Use Storage
TH 18 – Shoring And Trenching
TH 17 – Ladders
TH 16 –Fall Protection
TH 15 – Heavy Equipment
TH 14 – Traffic And Vehicles
TYPE
TH 13 – Working Over /Near Water
TH 12 – Remote Areas
TH 11 – Structural Hazards
TH 10 – Housekeeping
TH 09 – Rough Terrain
TH 08 – Manual Lifting
TH 07 – Hot Work
TH 06 – Confined Space
TH 05 – Foot Care
TH 04 – Cold Stress
TH 01 – Noise And Hearing
TH 03 – Heat Stress
TASKS
TH 02 – Inclement Weather
PHYSICAL
BIOLOGICAL
CHEMICAL
ATTACHMENT C: TASK HAZARD ANALYSES
Table C-1 titled “Site Specific Task Hazard Analysis” summaries the tasks and the anticipated hazards associated with each activity.
Table C-1 – Site Specific Task Hazard Analysis
INDIVIDUAL HAZARDS
X
X
X
X
Chlorination of
reservoir
Set chlorinator
dosing
Chlorine
monitoring and
adjustment
O&M Training of
Locals
Health & Safety Plan
ATTACHMENT C
Page C-1 of C-2
13
Investigate/Repair
Distribution System
(if needed)
14
Soil investigation
15
16
Chapter Name
Country, Community
TH 03 – Heat Stress
X
X
X
X
X
X
TH 31 – Note Used
TH 30 – Silica
TH 29 – Falling Objects, Punctures,
Abrasions, Dust, And Noise (PPE)
TH 28 – Clear, Grubb, Logging
TH 27 – Hazardous Materials
TH 26 – Biological Hazards
TH 25 – Lock Out Tag Out
TH 24 – Hand & Emergency Signals
TH 23 – Hand and Power Tools
TH 22 – Electrical Safety
TH 21 – Utilities and Landmines
TH 20 – Demolition
TH 19 – Hazardous Mat Use Storage
TH 18 – Shoring And Trenching
TH 17 – Ladders
TH 16 –Fall Protection
TH 15 – Heavy Equipment
TH 14 – Traffic And Vehicles
TH 13 – Working Over /Near Water
TH 12 – Remote Areas
TH 11 – Structural Hazards
TH 10 – Housekeeping
TH 08 – Manual Lifting
TH 07 – Hot Work
TH 09 – Rough Terrain
X
TH 06 – Confined Space
TH 05 – Foot Care
TH 04 – Cold Stress
TH 02 – Inclement Weather
X
TH 01 – Noise And Hearing
TASKS
PHYSICAL
BIOLOGICAL
CHEMICAL
TYPE
INDIVIDUAL HAZARDS
X
Supplemental
health assessment
Existing latrine
documentation
Health & Safety Plan
ATTACHMENT C
Page C-2 of C-2
ATTACHMENT D: PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT ANALYSES
Table D-1 titled “Implementation PPE Analysis” summaries the tasks and the PPE associated with each activity.
Table D-1 – Implementation PPE Analysis
Travel to/from site
x
x
Excavation
Respiratory
Protection
SPECIAL TRAINING
Personal Fall
Protection
Rubber Gloves
Alkali- Resistant
Leather Gloves
Hearing Protection
Welding Helmet
with Lens Shade
Safety Goggles
Safety Glasses
Rubber Boots
Work Boots
x
x
A
x
x
x
x
A
x
x
x
x
A
x
Concrete mixing
x
x
x
A
x
Building formwork
x
x
x
A
x
x
If
dry
mix
ing
x
x
If
no
ven
tilat
ion
Welding and installing trusses
Scaffolding
x
x
x
A
x
x
Roofing
x
x
x
A
x
x
x
x
A
x
x
Digging tank hole
HAND
PROTECTION
A
Cut and bend rebar
Concrete pouring
EYE / HEARING
A
X
Eating/drinking on site
Stacking bricks
Rain Gear
FOOTWEAR
Long Sleeve Shirt
Long Pants
Hard Hats
TASK
Seat Belts
GENERAL
Installing leach field
Chapter Name
Country, Community
Health & Safety Plan
ATTACHMENT D
Page D-1 of D-2
Installing plumbing
x
A
General electrical wiring
Stuccoing
Painting
Chemical Handling
Taking pictures of site
A = As Required
X = Required
?? = HSO To Determine
Chapter Name
Country, Community
Health & Safety Plan
ATTACHMENT D
Page D-2 of D-2
ATTACHMENT E: MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS
(MSDS)
N/A
EWB-MAO
El Salvador, Las Delicias
Health & Safety Plan
ATTACHMENT E
Page E-1 of E-1
ATTACHMENT F: POTENTIAL VENOMOUS SNAKES &
SPIDERS
From the Armed Forces Pest Management Board Living Hazards Database
Agkistrodon bilineatus
Identification
Family: Viperidae
Scientific Names: Ancistrodon bilineatum, A. bilineatus, Agkistrodon bilineatum, A. bilineatus bilineatus, A. b.
howardgloydi, A. b. lemosespinali, A. b. russeolus, Trigonocephalus bilineatus, T. specialis
Common Names: Cantil, Mexican Moccasin, Mokassinslange, common cantil, vibora castelana, k'an ti, q'an ti,
cazadora, cumcoatl, cantil de agua, cuatro narices, gammarrilla, volpochh, bil palka, kantiil [plus >10 additional
local dialect names]
Description
Large, heavy-bodied pitviper, adults usually 80-120 cm (max. 138 cm) long w/ fairly long slender tail, fangs may be
12 mm long. Color variable, usually dark gray to almost black w/ 10-19 (usually 12-15) brown to black crossbands,
often outlined by thin whitish lines; body may also have yellow, red, or lavendar scales; w/ 2 distinct pale lines
along sides of head. Belly dark grayish to reddish-brown, lightest along middle, w/ scattered whitish spots (& often
w/ dark chestnut-brown lateral spots).
Habitat
Most commonly found in seasonally dry, tropical deciduous scrub forest & large grassy plains w/ scattered trees,
mainly in coastal foothills in parts of southern & western Mexico & Central America. Often shelters in crevices or
under rocks. Mainly found in lower to moderate elevations, usually <600 m (max. about 1,500 m). Also found in the
Rio Chixoy (Negro) Valley in central Guatemala.
Activity and Behavior
Mainly terrestrial & mainly nocturnal. Agressive when provoked; will strike repeatedly. Ovoviviparous w/ each
female bearing about a dozen 10-inch long neonates/ litter. Preys on available small mammals, lizards, birds,
amphibians & reptiles. Juveniles often eat invertebrates, too.
Venom Characteristics
• Primarily hemotoxic, necrotic effects reportedly often extensive; serious human envenomations & fatalities have
occurred. This apecies is the third most frequent cause of snake envenomations of humans in the Yucatan
Peninsula of Mexico.
EWB-MAP
El Salvador, Las Delicias
Health & Safety Plan
ATTACHMENT F
Page F-1 of F-11
From the Armed Forces Pest Management Board Living Hazards Database
Atropoides occiduus
Identification
Family: Viperidae
Scientific Names: Atropoides nummifer (in part), Bothriechis nummifera (in part), Bothriopsis affinis (in part),
Bothrops affinis, Bothrops nummifer nummifer, B. n. occiduus, Porthidium nummifer occiduum, Trimeresurus
nummifer (in part), T. n. nummifer (in part)
Common Names: Guatemalan jumping pitviper, mano de piedra, cantil sapo, chinchintor, sulcuat
Description
Small to medium-sized, very stout-bodied, terrestrial pitviper, adults usually 35-60 cm long (max. 79.5 cm). Body
usually pale brown to burgandy-brown (rarely pinkish or purplish) w/ dark brown rhomboidal dorsal blotches,
usually joined at vertebral line forming a zigzag pattern (at least on posterior half). Wide, dark brown postocular
stripe. Middorsal scales strongly keeled, 21-27 midbody dorsal scale rows, belly usually lighter, often w/ dark spots
or blotches, especially along sides.
Habitat
Mainly found in subtropical wet forest along the Pacific versant from southeastern Chiapas, Mexico to western El
Salvador; but also in seasonally dry pine-oak forest near Guatemala City. Found mainly at medium to higher
elevations (1,000-1,600 m).
Activity and Behavior
Terrestrial, mainly nocturnal, but sometimes basks in sun. Sluggish, non-aggressive during the day. Can only strike
for about 1/2 its body length (does not actually "jump" or launch itself). May open mouth very wide in a defensive
display (usually while coiled) if molested. Sometimes holds onto prey after striking it. Ovoviviparous, preys mainly
on small mammals, birds (sometimes also lizards & frogs).
Venom Characteristics
• Not well known, but probably mainly hemotoxic (w/ possible cytotoxic factors). Reportedly similar to A.
mexicanus in having relatively less potent venom than other pitvipers found in the same areas (e.g., B.
asper). Has envenomated humans, but only recently named, and may have been confused w/ similar species
previously. No definitely documented human fatalities have been caused by this species so far.
EWB-MAP
El Salvador, Las Delicias
Health & Safety Plan
ATTACHMENT F
Page F-2 of F-11
From the Armed Forces Pest Management Board Living Hazards Database
Centruroides spp.
Identification
Family: Buthidae
Scientific Names: Scorpio spp. (in part), Centrurus spp. (in part), Rhopalurus spp. (in part). [ Note: There are
currently 50+ named species recognized in this genus, but only about 6 spp. are of medical importance (see
medically important spp. addressed separately, individually).]
Common Names: Bark scorpions, house scorpions, common scorpions, "sculptured" scorpions
Description
Medium to large-sized, moderately-slender scorpions, adults usually 50-80 mm long (max. 110+ mm; varies by
spp.). Body usually pale yellowish to medium-brown (some spp. dark brown), w/ varying patterns of darker gray or
brownish dorsal stripes or blotches. Tail (postabdomen) rather slender, pincers rather slender & not very robust (=
usually thin), legs usually pale yellow-brown. Most spp. are sexually dimorphic w/ thinner, longer males & stouter,
shorter females.
Habitat
Found mainly in warm, relatively dry areas, usually w/ sandy soil & lots of loose bark (e.g. on or under logs), leaves,
surface debris or crevices in which to hide. Most spp. limited to arid or semi-arid regions of the southwestern U.S.,
Mexico, Central America, the Antilles, &/or northern South America.
Activity and Behavior
Nocturnal, usually hide in crevices or under bark or debris by day, often come into houses. Prey mainly on available
insects & other arthropods. Avoid humans unless cornered, stepped on or brushed against (usually while hunting at
night or if trapped in clothing being donned), then sting quickly & try to escape. Ovoviviparous, >20 per "litter,"
young may ride on mother's back until 2nd instar. Whole body fluoresces (usually yellowish-green) in certain
wavelengths of UV light.
Venom Characteristics
• Mainly neurotoxic, w/ cytotoxic factors in some spp. Potency varies w/ different spp. A sting (envenomation)
usually causes local pain, swelling, redness & discomfort (may be delayed 1-24 hrs.); sometimes spreads &
includes numbness. Systemic effects may include muscle twitching, nausea, rapid heartbeat, slurred speach,
sweating, coma & death (for some spp.). Cardiac failure reportedly causes most human deaths. Venom
effects more severe in children than adults.
EWB-MAP
El Salvador, Las Delicias
Health & Safety Plan
ATTACHMENT F
Page F-3 of F-11
From the Armed Forces Pest Management Board Living Hazards Database
Cerrophidion godmani
Identification
Family: Viperidae
Scientific Names: Bothrops godmani, Bothriechis godmani, B. trianguligera, Lachesis godmani, Porthidium
godmani, Trimeresurus godmani
Common Names: Engl.: Godman's montane pitviper, Ger.: Godman-Berggrubenotter, Costa Riac: borot kabi,
dudaban, toboba de altura, Guatemala: cantil frijolillo, sheta, tamagas, Honduras: timbo chingo, tamagas cafe,
Mexico: nauyaca del frio, Nicaragua: toboa oscura, toboita
Description
Small, moderately-stout, terrestrial pitviper, adults usually 46-50 cm long (max. 82 cm); colors & patterns quite
variable, body usually brown, reddish-brown, grayish-brown to nearly orange; dark brown blotches often merge to
form a zigzag dorsal stripe, 21 midbody dorsal scale rows, dark postorbital stripe, venter pale yellow to orange w/ no
mottling, darker toward tail.
Habitat
Found in a wide range of low montane wet forest & cloud forest, lower montane dry forest, largely pin oak; & high
montane forest & meadow. Occurs at 1,400-3,491 m elevation. Limited to higher elevations of parts of southeastern
Mexico & Central America.
Activity and Behavior
Mainly terrestrial, & mainly diurnal, often seen crawling or coiled along forest paths. May rarely climb up onto a log
or stump, but usually found beside or under logs, rocks, or other large pieces of debris. Can move very rapidly,
usually avoids humans, but will strike quickly if disturbed. Ovoviviparous w/ 2-12 young/ litter observed for
captured specimens. Prey on a variety of available arthropods, small mammals, reptiles (mainly lizards),
salamanders, & sometimes birds.
Venom Characteristics
• Not well known. Mainly hemotoxic, w/ potent myotoxic & proteolytic factors. Symptoms of envenomation of
humans may include: intense local pain, extensive local swelling (may involve whole limb), widespread
itching, fever, headache, nausea & light-headedness (to the point of collapse in one observed case). Few
bites & no fatalities of humans reported for this species.
EWB-MAP
El Salvador, Las Delicias
Health & Safety Plan
ATTACHMENT F
Page F-4 of F-11
From the Armed Forces Pest Management Board Living Hazards Database
Crotalus simus
Identification
Family: Viperidae
Scientific Names: Crotalus durissus (in part), C. d. culminatus, C. d. durissus, C. d. neoleonensis, C. d. tzabcan, C.
s. culminatus, C. s. tzabcan, C. s. simus, C. terrificus (in part), C. t. copeanus
Common Names: Middle American rattlesnake, cascabel, vibora de cascabel, cascabela, chil-chil, kwechwah,
quiakxop, sochaj, ahau-can, ah tsab ti'kkan, sakk ahaw kan, shunu, teotlacozauhqui, tepocolcoatl, teuhtlacozauhqui
Description
Medium-to-large, stout rattlesnake, adults usually 130-160 cm long (max. about 180 cm); body gray-brown, reddishbrown, yellowish-gray, yellowish-olive, straw, or orange; w/ 18-35 rhombic or diamond-shaped dorsal blotches, 2733 midbody dorsal scale rows, belly whitish, yellowish or buff w/ gray blotches darker posteriorly, dark postocular
stripe, conspicuous spinal ridge of strongly-keeled scales, tail w/ dark crossbands.
Habitat
Found mainly in semi-arid regions, w/ dry to very dry tropical forest, arid scrub forest, & thorn woodlands, but also
sometimes in mesic forests in limestone outcrop areas, & along breaks in cloud forests. Ranges from central Mexico
to western Costa Rica. Usually below 1,000 m but sometimes found at 1,500-2,200 m elevation. Also occurs on the
Atlantic coast of Columbia; but no verified specimens from Panama.
Activity and Behavior
Not well documented. Mainly diurnal, but often active at night, & mainly terrestrial. Ovoviviparous w/ 21 young/
litter reported for a captured female. Prey on available small mammals (sometimes also lizards &/or other snakes).
Venom Characteristics
• Mainly hemotoxic, but may have some tissue-necrotic factor(s). Bites often locally painful, may progress to
swelling & necrosis if severaly envenomated.
•
EWB-MAP
El Salvador, Las Delicias
Health & Safety Plan
ATTACHMENT F
Page F-5 of F-11
From the Armed Forces Pest Management Board Living Hazards Database
Crotalus spp.
Identification
Family: Viperidae
Scientific Names: Aploaspis, Aechmophrys, Caudisona, Crotalinus, Crotalophorus, Crotalurus, Haploaspis,
Paracrotalus, Urocrotalon, Uropsophus [Note: This genus includes at least 30 currently named spp., & is most
diverse on the Mexican plateau & surrounding mountains.]
Common Names: Rattlesnakes, pitvipers ("new world"), vipers
Description
Small to large, mainly terrestrial, fairly stout-bodied pitvipers, w/ multiple hollow "scales" (at least 1) at the tail tip,
usually retained through molting & "rattle" if tail is shaken. Body color may be brown, gray, green, red, pink or
yellow, usually w/ dorsal pattern of darker rhombs, blotches or spots (varies by spp.), & belly lighter w/ darker spots
or blotches, tail usually w/ multiple alternate dark & light rings (blend well w/ usual surroundings), w/ 2 folding,
upper front fangs.
Habitat
Found in a wide range of habitats (varies by spp.), but most are found in brushy edges of open areas of forests or
margins of dry, or seasonally dry (often desert), & often rocky areas. Found from below sea level to 4,500+ m
elevation (varies w/ spp., see individual spp. listed).
Activity and Behavior
Most spp. mainly terrestrial & mainly nocturnal, but varies w/ physical conditions of typical habitat (esp.
temperatures), & sometimes w/ season of the year. Most spp. wait in typical sites to ambush prey (usually small
mammals, lizards etc.; & varies by spp.). All are ovoviviparous, litter numbers vary w/ spp. & female's body size.
Venom Characteristics
• Most spp. have mainly hemotoxic venom, often w/ additional tissue-necrotic factors (& sometimes neurotoxic or
cardiotoxic factors). Many species can & do cause serious human envenomations & deaths each year
(varies by individual spp.).
•
EWB-MAP
El Salvador, Las Delicias
Health & Safety Plan
ATTACHMENT F
Page F-6 of F-11
From the Armed Forces Pest Management Board Living Hazards Database
Latrodectus mactans
Identification
Family: Theridiidae
Scientific Names: Aranea mactans, Latrodectus albomaculatus, L. formidabilis, L. insularis insularis, L. i. lunulifer,
L. intersector, L. mactans mexicanus, L. m. texanus, L. perfidus, L. sagittifer, Tetragnatha zorilla, Theridion
lineatum, T. lineamentum, T. verecundum [Note: This is one of the 2 most geographically wide-spread & best
known of at least 31 currently valid species in this genus.]
Common Names: Black Widow Spider, Southern Black Widow, red-back spider, jockey spider, Katipo, viuda
negra, chiranthahua, arana brava, casampulga, la coya, arana naranja
Description
Medium-sized cobweb spider, females' body (cephalothorax + abdomen) usually 10-15 mm long, satiny dark-brown
to black w/ reddish "hourglass" mark on posterior ventral abdomen, often w/ a reddish spot on dorsal abdomen just
above its tip. Female abdomen rounded & globular. Males much smaller, rather slender w/ relatively long legs.
Males & young often w/ varying pattern of many stripes or blotches of red, white & brown on body.
Habitat
Most often found hanging in typical "cobwebs" in upper corners of basements, crawl spaces, outbuildings, & under
seats of outdoor privies, usually near garbage or debris, wherever insect prey is abundant. Geographically wide
spread. Found in southern U.S. (New York to northern California & southward), several Caribbean islands, Mexico,
& Central & parts of South America.
Activity and Behavior
Mainly nocturnal, hangs in web awaiting prey, usually tries to get away from large animals & people, but will often
aggressively defend its egg clusters (sacs) which it has hung in its web. Feeds on nearly any kind of insect or
arthropod which gets caught in its web. Males are not always eaten after mating w/ a female, usually only if female
has not fed recently, but he is often "biologically spent" & dies soon afterward anyway.
Venom Characteristics
• Mainly neurotoxic (presynaptic sites). Bite usually like a pinprick, often not felt 'til 15 min. later, then pain may
be locally intense. Severe envenomation causes symptoms like spreading intense pain, lots of sweating, fast
& shallow breathing, eyelids swollen, alternating excess & lack of salivation, cardiac rate & rhythm
changes, rigid abdominal muscles, sight impaired (seeing "light" spots). Human fatalities rare (<5%,
untreated) & often due to additional medical problems.
EWB-MAP
El Salvador, Las Delicias
Health & Safety Plan
ATTACHMENT F
Page F-7 of F-11
From the Armed Forces Pest Management Board Living Hazards Database
Micrurus nigrocinctus
Identification
Family: Elapidae
Scientific Names: Elaps divaricatus, E. fulvius, E. melanocephalus, E. nigrocinctus, Micrurus nigrocinctus
babaspul, M. n. coibensis, M. n. divaricatus, M. n. mosquitensis, M. n. nigrocinctus, M. n. ovandoensis, M. n.
ruatanus, M. n. wagneri, M. n. yatesi, M. n. zunilensis, Micrurus pacheoi
Common Names: Central American coral snake, coral, Coral Centroamericana, coralillo, gargantilla, salviara,
limlim, babaspul, coral macho
Description
Medium-sized 3-colored coral snake, adults usually 60-75 cm long (max. 115 cm). Quite variable; may be 2- or 3colored. Snout black, usually w/ a yellow ring (red in bicolored specimens) of variable width on head at about the
midpoint. Body pattern usually fairly broad red rings separated by much narrower sets of yellow-black-yellow rings
(rybyr). Usually w/ 10-24 black rings on body, & 3-8 more on tail.
Habitat
Found mainly in lowland rain forest, lowland dry forest, thorn forest, lower montane wet (or moist) forest, & lower
montane dry forest. Occurs mainly from sea level to 1,300 m elevation (one report at 2,000 m). Occurs from
southern Mexico to northwestern Colombia, except no specimens from Belize, so far.
Activity and Behavior
Mainly nocturnal, but active at dusk, dawn & sometimes after rains. Mainly terrestrial & burrows in loose soil &
leaf litter. Usually not aggressive, but will bite if restrained or molested. Oviparous (clutch size reportedly 2-11
eggs) & eats locally available other snakes (cannibalistic), lizards, amphibians, & invertebrates.
Venom Characteristics
• Has mainly potent neurotoxic venom which can be injected through a pair of grooved, upper, fixed front fangs.
Due to the small size of their mouths, coral snake bites to humans usually occur on a finger or toe, &
usually during attempts to catch the snake. This species is abundant throughout most of its range, & is the
main cause of coralsnake bites of humans within its range.
EWB-MAP
El Salvador, Las Delicias
Health & Safety Plan
ATTACHMENT F
Page F-8 of F-11
From the Armed Forces Pest Management Board Living Hazards Database
Pelamis platurus
Identification
Family: Hydrophiidae
Scientific Names: Anguis platura, Hydrophis bicolor var. sinuata, H. pelamis, Hydrus bicolor, H. platurus, Pelamis
bicolor, P. b. var. sinuata, P. b. var. variegata, P. ornata. P. platurus, P. schneideri
Common Names: Yellow-bellied sea snake, Pelagic sea snake, cantil listada, zapatilla, serpiente de mar
Description
Medium-sized, slender sea snake, adults usually <75 cm long (max. 113 cm). The tail is laterally flattened & oarlike.
Body color pattern is highly variable (in detail) but basically involves a black or brown dorsum w/ a yellow or cream
venter (lower half). Color of tail is yellow, w/ alternating upper & lower large dark blotches (somtimes w/ 1 or more
stripes) on both sides.
Habitat
Found only in the Pacific & Indian Oceans; sometimes drifts in large numbers in offshore waters w/ temperatures
>20 degrees C. Can be found in coastal (or even open ocean) marine waters from South Africa, to the Persian Gulf,
to India, to Australia, to the western coasts of Central & northern South America. Rarely, individual specimens may
be found outside this range (e.g, on western Mexican coast).
Activity and Behavior
Usually floats among flotsam or floating seaweed at the surface in tropical or subtopical zones of the Pacific &
northern Indian Oceans. Captures small fish that happen near via a quick sideways lunge. Quite inoffensive, but
when restrained or when stranded on a beach it will bite (& may actively strike) to defend itself.
Venom Characteristics
• Highly potent venom containing post-synaptic neurotoxins. Most natural marine predators, like predatory fish &
even sharks, usually avoid this snake. Scavengers also tend to avoid specimens which have been washed up
onto a beach & are dying.
EWB-MAP
El Salvador, Las Delicias
Health & Safety Plan
ATTACHMENT F
Page F-9 of F-11
From the Armed Forces Pest Management Board Living Hazards Database
Phoneutria spp.
Identification
Family: Ctenidae
Scientific Names: [Note: This genus currently includes 5 named species: Phoneutria bahiensis, P. boliviensis,
P. fera (the largest, & shown here), P. nigriventer (bites sometimes lethal without use of antivenom), & P.
reidyi.]
Common Names: Wandering spiders, banana spiders, South American wandering spiders
Description
Large, stout spiders w/ body (cephalothorax + abdomen) about 3.5 cm long, legs usually span 5+ cm. Body
color light to dark-brown to black, covered w/ thick, short yellow to dark-brown hairs. Pattern varies by spp.,
usually a middorsal dark line on carapace & lines &/or bands of whitish spots (some spp. w/ dark-brown spots
too) on top &/or sides of abdomen. Front 2 pairs of legs w/ distinct lighter ventral crossbands which show
during threat displays.
Habitat
Most spp. are found mainly at or near ground level in moist to seasonally dry margins of forest clearings or at
agricultural sites (esp. around bananas), w/ vegetation, organic debris, & lots of hiding places (like between
palm fronds) & ample prey. Some spp. common in & around humans' buildings. Individual species' ranges
differ, most limited to central & northern South America (1 sp. in Central America) at low to moderate
elevations. Often carried long distances in commerce.
Activity and Behavior
Mainly nocturnal, respond to vibrations, usually wait in hiding & "ambush" a wide variety of prey (mainly
insects & other arthropods, but often small vertebrates, too). Surprisingly quick, fast, & agile for their relatively
large size. Adult females can jump about 1 ft. laterally at the same level as their resting place. Aggressive if
even slightly disturbed, usually raise front 2 pairs of legs (fully extended) in a threat display, just before rushing
at an intruder.
Venom Characteristics
Mainly neurotoxic (w/ possible cardiotoxic factors), most spp. have large volume of venom available. Several
spp. are easily provoked to bite if disturbed, stepped on (or near), or brushed against. Only 1 sp. (detailed
separately) is known to cause human fatalities, but others can inflict very painful bites & may pose a heath risk,
especially to persons w/ other medical problems. For details of typical symptoms of serious envenomation, See
Phoneutria nigriventer.
EWB-MAP
El Salvador, Las Delicias
Health & Safety Plan
ATTACHMENT F
Page F-10 of F-11
From the Armed Forces Pest Management Board Living Hazards Database
Porthidium ophryomegas
Identification
Family: Viperidae
Scientific Names: Bothriechis ophryomegas, Bothropsis ophryomegas, Bothrops ophryomegas, B. lansbergii
annectens, Trimeresurus lansbergii annectens, T. ophryomegas
Common Names: Slender hog-nosed pit viper, Western hog-nosed pit viper, vibora castellana, tamagas negro,
toboba, toboba chinga, toboba gata, corniz, chatilla
Description
Small, fairly slender pitviper w/ upturned snout, adults usually 40-50 cm long (max. 80 cm). Body may be tan,
brown, gray, or grayish-brown, w/ a narrow white, yellow, or rust brown middorsal line, 23-28 (usually 25)
midbody dorsal scale rows, & 24-40 dark rhombs along each side. Dark postocular stripe, belly paler w/ heavy
dark brown mottling (esp. along front edge of each ventral scale). Some specimens very pale w/ much lighter
markings. Tail heavily mottled on basal half, paler near tip.
Habitat
Mainly found in seasonally dry forests, including tropical dry & arid forest, subtropical dry forest, & the drier
portions of tropical moist forest. Occurs from sea level to 1,000 m elevation. May occur in suitable habitats in
southeastern Mexico, but no specimens documented from there, so far.
Activity and Behavior
Mainly terrestrial & mainly nocturnal; most active during local rainy seasons. Alert & quick to strike, especially
if molested. Ovoviviparous w/ 12-19 young/ litter observed for captured specimens. Preys mainly on lizards,
frogs, & small mammals.
Venom Characteristics
Not much known, but probably mainly hemotoxic w/ tissue-necrotic factors. Reportedly has relatively low
venom yield, & envenomation should usually have only mild to moderately severe effects (mainly pain &
swelling). No human fatalities reported, so far, from bites by this species.
EWB-MAP
El Salvador, Las Delicias
Health & Safety Plan
ATTACHMENT F
Page F-11 of F-11
ATTACHMENT G: TRAINING COPY CERTIFICATES
The remaining implementation team members will provide their certificates or sign-up sheets.
They are signed up to take the training on Saturday, March 24th-10 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. at the
American Red Cross-Southeastern PA, 23rd & Chestnut St., Phila. PA 19103.
EWB-MAP
El Salvador, Las Delicias
Health & Safety Plan
ATTACHMENT G
Page G-1 of G-1
B ATTACHMENT H: REQUIRED MEDICAL KIT CONTENTS
Required Group Medical Kit Contents
There will be one (1) large medical kit with the contents listed in Table I-1. Additionally, each
group will have a smaller medical kit with them when they travel. Currently it is anticipated
there will be 2 people traveling at one time implementation supervision. Additionally, EWBUSA members will not provide treatment for host country community members beyond first aid
unless they are licensed medical professionals and understand the local laws on practicing
medicine.
NUMBER
IN KIT
ITEM
1
Site Specific Health and Safety Plan
Page one is the Emergency Contact Page, laminated and printed on brightly colored paper
The personal medical checklists should be placed in a sealed envelope immediately following the Emergency
Contact Page, or the location of the Checklists should appear here. HSOs must return the checklists to their
owners at the end of the trip.
1
A field manual of first aid can be very useful for rapid reference. One recommended book is:
“The Field Guide of Wilderness and Rescue Medicine” by Jim Morrissey and David Johnson *
1
Small notebook and pen/pencil for recording vital signs
2
Safety glasses (for bloodborne pathogens)
2
CPR face shields or (even better) pocket mask
1 box
Sterile and non-sterile gloves, 1 box or a minimum of 12 pairs
1 box
Antiseptic wipes or “baby wipes” - 1 box
1 bottle
Alcohol-based gel hand cleanser - 1 bottle
12
Providone Iodine swabs or a small bottle of betadine
1 bottle
Antibacterial soap
1 bottle
Hydrogen peroxide
3 bottle
Sterile Eye Wash. Opened bottles should be replaced at the start of every trip. 3 bottles recommended for those
doing concrete work or working with chemicals.
1
Cold pack – 4 in. x 5 in
3
Extra soft toothbrush for cleaning wounds
1 tube
1
Antibiotic ointment (Neosporin, Bacitracin, or generic equivalent) - 1 tube
Topical over the counter anesthetic (Anbesol or Chloraseptic spray)
Fouille First Aid Ointment if you can get it.
1 box
Band-Aid assortment; and Blister dressings (Bandaid blister, moleskin, etc. Choose band-aids with elasticized
cloth that stay on for days. Plastic ones don't last as long.)
3
Absorbent compress or Trauma Dressings ~ 32 sq. in. (81.3 sq. cm.) with no side smaller than 4 in. (10 cm)
1
Adhesive tape, 5 yd. (457.2 cm) total
6
Burn treatment, 0.5 g (0.14 fl. oz.) applications
4
Triangular bandages, 40 in. x 40 in. x 56 in. (101 cm x 101 cm x 142 cm)
EWB-MAP
El Salvador, Las Delicias
Health & Safety Plan
ATTACHMENT H
Page H-1 of H-3
NUMBER
IN KIT
ITEM
2
Roller bandage - 4 in. (10 cm)
1
Roller bandage - 2 in. (5 cm)
1
Ace Wraps – try to get a few sizes of these
1 box
Sterile gauze pads, 4x4”
1 box
Non adherent dressing (Telfa), 4x4”
1
Roll of Coban wrap (a.k.a. Vet Wrap)
2
Scissors, one pair of trauma shears for slicing bandages and cutting clothing, and one small pair for cutting
more delicate things (like skin)
2
Tweezers, one small for pulling splinters and stingers, and a broader tip with grippers for picking rocks out of
wounds.
Small box
Safety pins of various sizes
1
Thermometer
1
Ziplock bag containing a clean XL t-shirt. Can be cut up for bandages, used as a sling, or put on a patient for
modesty.
2 of each
Extra syringes/needles of varying sizes (for local physician to use if a member of the team is taken to
a local medical facility. Team members should a v o i d using local syringes or needles whenever
possible. (If supply is a problem, advise reusing needles in the same person. This is reasonably safe - we don't
in medicine but most diabetics do. They get dull after a while, but the risk of infection is very small compared
to using needles in many developing world clinics.)
Needles: 20g x 1", 22g x 1"
Syringes: 3 ml, 5 ml, (20 ml for irrigation of wounds)
18g and 20g IV catheters and/or butterfly needles
1
Portable water filter, such as the ceramic type with the 0.2 pm filter. Three stage MSR or PUR water filters are
probably the best. If the water is clear, the new light sterilizers work. *
1
Emergency Dental Kit (Cavit if you can get it) *
1
Stethoscope *
1
Four inch SAM splint *
1
Finger splint *
1 box each
Mylanta
Pepto Bismol
Imodium tablets
Cimetidine *
Dramamine (Motion sickness pills are also useful in vomiting illnesses and much safer than what might be
given at the local clinic)
Benadryl or generic diphenhydramine, 25 mg capsules (allergies)
Tylenol (500 mg tablets) (mild pain relief/fever reduction)
Ibuprofen (200 mg tablets) (anti-inflammatory/pain relief)
Aspirin (heart attacks)
EWB-MAP
El Salvador, Las Delicias
Health & Safety Plan
ATTACHMENT H
Page H-2 of H-3
NUMBER
IN KIT
Appropriate
to trip
duration and
number of
travelers,
Up to 1/day
1 pack
1
ITEM
Primatene Mist (asthma)*
Steroid cream for rashes
Powder (Monkeybutt) for chafes *
Antifungal cream *
Antiyeast tablets or cream for women *
NeoSynephrine nasal spray (decongestant)*
Sodium tablets (heat cramps) *
Small hard candies like Jolly Ranchers or LifeSavers (must contain sugar – for diabetics) *
Iodine tablets OR chlorine tablets with neutralizer for disinfecting water *
1 ft square of muslin cloth for filtering sediment from water before disinfection *
Gatorade packets
Quikclot
Dermabond or super glue *
* Optional components
Notes:
1. This list can and should be customized to your site, and optional components are marked by *.
2. The first aid kit should be repacked, inventoried and restocked before every trip.
3. Antibiotics are not on this list, but travelers can generally get a personal prescription for Cipro or other antibiotics
from their primary care physician or a travel medicine specialist.
4. Those with a history of asthma/allergies are advised to investigate a prescription for epinephrine (Epipen)
4. EWB-USA volunteers are not permitted to provide medical treatment or medicines beyond first aid to locals unless they are
licensed to do so.
5. Most of the equipment can be purchased from the drug store. For more specialized items or prepackaged kits, here are some
online vendors:
www.conterra-inc.com
First Aid Packs and Bags
www.adventuremedicalkits.com
Complete First Aid Kits
www.helenbacfirstaid.com
Complete First Aid Kits
www.mooremedical.com
First Aid Supplies
www.boundtree.com
First Aid Supplies
EWB-MAP
El Salvador, Las Delicias
Health & Safety Plan
ATTACHMENT H
Page H-3 of H-3
ATTACHMENT I: TASK HAZARD MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES
Task Hazards List
TASK
HAZARD
TH 01
TH 02
TH 03
TH 04
TH 05
TH 06
TH 07
TH 08
TH 09
TH 10
TH 11
TH 12
TH 13
TH 14
TH 15
TH 16
TH 17
TH 18
TH 19
TH 20
TH 21
TH 22
TH 23
TH 24
TH 25
TH 26
TH 27
TH 28
TH 29
TH 30
TH 31
DESCRIPTION
Noise and Hearing Conservation
Inclement Weather
Heat Stress
Cold Stress
Foot Care
Confined Space
Hot Work
Manual Lifting and Handling of Heavy Objects
Rough Terrain
Housekeeping
Structural Hazards
Remote Areas
Working over or near water
Traffic and Vehicles
Heavy Equip Operation
Working at Elevation and Fall Protection
Ladders
Shoring and Trenching
Hazardous Materials Use and Storage
Demolition
Active and Abandoned Utilities and Landmines
Electrical Safety
Hand and Power Hand Tools
Hand and Emergency Signals
Lock Out Tag Out
Biological Hazards
Hazardous Materials
Clearing Grubbing and Logging
Falling Objects, Punctures and Abrasions
Silica
Not Used
EWB-MAP
El Salvador, Las Delicias
REVISION DATE
May 2008
May 2008
May 2008
May 2008
May 2008
May 2008
May 2008
May 2008
May 2008
May 2008
May 2008
May 2008
May 2008
May 2008
May 2008
May 2008
May 2008
May 2008
May 2008
May 2008
May 2008
May 2008
May 2008
May 2008
May 2008
May 2008
May 2008
May 2008
May 2008
May 2008
May 2008
Health & Safety Plan
ATTACHMENT I
Page I-1 of I-1
ATTACHMENT J: INCIDENT REPORT (Form 612) & ROOT
CAUSE ANALYSIS (Form 613)
EWB-MAP
El Salvador, Las Delicias
Health & Safety Plan
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ATTACHMENT K: EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN (FORM
614)
614 - EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN
PLEASE NOTE: This is a procedural document and meant to be a resource for
chapters. There is nothing for the chapter to fill-out and the chapter does not need to
submit this document to the EWB-USA national office. However, the Health and
Safety Officers should carry at least one copy of this document with him/her on each
trip.
The health and safety of our members is a priority for EWB-USA. International field
work in general and specifically construction is inherently dangerous and carries
additional hazards that may not be mitigated by planning. The Emergency Response
Plan is the team’s guide for handling both emergent (serious injury or illness that
requires medical treatment in country, or safety situations that involve non-EWB-USA
personnel) and non-emergent incidents (minor injury or illness) that involve EWB-USA
members during EWB-USA trips. This plan consists of the following:
1) Process Flow Instructions – Detailed instructions for what to do under each
step of the process flow for each of the three types of incidents;
2) Process Flow Chart (Page 6) - Provides the basic outline for the procedures to
follow for a each of the three types of incidents – minor injury or illness, serious
injury or illness, and safety situations; and
3) Incident Report Form (form 612) – Form which standardizes the
documentation of incidents. Documenting and reporting incidents or near
incidents is necessary so that the H&S program can continue to evolve, improve
and serve to provide the best protection possible for our volunteers and incountry partners. This form can be found on the Sourcebook Downloads page of
the website and should also be included in your HASP.
Process Flow Instructions
The incident response process flow follows the three types of incidents:
 Steps A1 – A6b: Minor injury or illness;
 Steps B1 – B9: Serious injury or illness; and
 Steps C1 – C9: Safety situations.
The Health and Safety Officers (HSOs) will be responsible for determining if the
incident is a minor injury/illness or a serious injury/illness. The HSOs will also initiate
these response steps, depending on the incident type.
MINOR INJURY/ILLNESS
Definition: Minor injury or illness is described is an occurrence that is not life-threatening
and does not require hospitalization. A minor injury or illness can be treated by the HSO
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on-site using the team’s first aid kit or at a local clinic.
A1. Health and Safety Officer (HSO) Notified
The HSO should be notified of the team member who has suffered a minor injury or
illness. If the HSO is the team member who has suffered a minor injury or illness, than
the second HSO should be notified.
A2. Treat On-Site
The HSO or other trained person should treat injury or illness on-site using first aid kit or
should assist victim in getting to local clinic for medical attention.
A3. Rest and Reduce Activity
The person who has suffered a minor injury or illness should rest and reduce his/her
level of activity until he/she is feeling better.
A4. Prepare Incident Report
The HSO should complete an incident report for any minor injury or illness and this
should be submitted to the EWB-USA chapter relations manager (CRM) immediately
upon return to the U.S.
A5. Monitor Condition
The HSO should continue to check-in with the affected team member and monitor
his/her condition.
A6a. Closeout Incident with National Office
When the incident has been resolved in its entirety, the HSO should send a close-out email to chapter relations manager (CRM) to let the national office know that no further
action is necessary.
A6b. Condition Worsens
If his/her conditions worsens to a major injury or illness, the HSO should be contacted
immediately and should follow the process flow for Step B – Serious Injury or Illness.
SERIOUS INJURY/ILLNESS
Definition: Serious injury or illness is described as an incident that may or may not be
life threatening, but requires hospitalization or evacuation.
B1. Health and Safety Officer (HSO) Notified
The HSO should be notified of the team member who has suffered a serious injury or
illness. If the HSO is the team member who has suffered a serious injury or illness, than
the second HSO should be notified.
B2. Stabilize Victim
The HSO should stabilize the victim.
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B3. Transport Victim to Medical Facility
The HSO should determine the best way to transport the victim to a medical facility
based on the type and seriousness of injury or illness. Please note: Seven Corners
does not assist with finding a local ambulance or emergency transport, but you should
maintain receipts so that you can seek reimbursement from Seven Corners.
B4. Contact Seven Corners Insurance or Contact University/College Travel
Insurance (for student members who do not have Seven Corners Insurance)
Another team member should contact Seven Corners Insurance as soon as possible,
but within 48 hours of the incident, to inform them of the situation. If the injury seems life
threatening, call Seven Corners so that they can be prepared to start evacuation
procedures should final medical analysis require evacuation
U.S., Canada & Caribbean: 1-800-690-6295 (Toll Free)
International:* Toll Free Country Access Codes + 800-690-6295
Collect Calls: 0-317-818-2808 (This line is monitored 24 hours a day)
When contacting Seven Corners, please have your ID card on hand so you can supply
the following:
1. Your full name as it appears on the card
2. Your policy Certificate #
3. Date of Birth
Please Note: In medical emergency and/or medical evacuation situations, no
cash/credit card should have to change hands. Once you/your team calls Seven
Corners' 24/7 number, a call from the insurance company to the evacuation
service/hospital should suffice to ensure that payment is guaranteed. All claims will be
settled directly by Seven Corners. EWB-USA is not responsible for claim settlement.
For students who are covered by their university/college travel insurance and who do
not have Seven Corners insurance, you should follow the procedures provided to you
by your university/college and insurance company you are covered by.
B5. Call EWB-USA Emergency Phone
Contact the EWB-USA emergency phone: +1 303 478-8244 to report the situation. The
EWB-USA national office will notify the victim’s emergency contact listed on the 606 –
Emergency Contact Page.
B6a. Hospitalize
If recommended by the physician, admit the victim to a hospital. Contact Seven Corners
to determine if hospital is within Seven Corner’s network, in which case Seven Corners
will arrange payment directly with the hospital upon patient’s discharge from the facility.
B6b. Emergency Medical Evacuation
If medical evacuation is recommended by the attending physician, contact Seven
Corners to make evacuation arrangements for the associated expenses. It is important
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to remember that evacuation travel (and related) charges which have not been
approved and arranged by Seven Corners will not be eligible for insurance benefits.
If Seven Corners does not provide adequate assistance, contact International SOS.
ISOS PHILADELPHIA Alarm Center: +1 215 942 8226
Membership number: #11BCPA000270
B6c. Release and Monitor
If recommended by the physician, victim can be released from hospital. HSO should
work with victim to fill any prescriptions, follow any medical advice and should monitor
the victim in case condition worsens. All receipts should be retained for reimbursement
from Seven Corners.
B7. Prepare Incident Report
The HSO should complete an incident report for any serious injury or illness and this
should be submitted to the EWB-USA chapter relations manager (CRM) immediately
upon return to the U.S.
B8. Updates to EWB-USA National Office
After hospitalization, evacuation or release, contact the EWB-USA emergency phone to
provide updates on the victim’s condition. The EWB-USA national office staff will then
notify the victim’s emergency contact.
B9. Closeout Incident with National Office
When the incident has been resolved in its entirety, the HSO should send a close-out email to chapter relations manager (CRM) to let the national office know that no further
action is necessary.
SAFETY SITUATION
Definition: Any event which poses a threat to team members, including natural
disasters, political insurrection, kidnap, ransom, or other life-threatening criminal activity.
C1. Gather Team Members and Seek a Safe Location
If the HSO is not aware of the safety situation, she/he should be notified. Meet at
established emergency meeting point. Stay together as a group and seek safety.
C2a. Natural Disaster - Contact International SOS, U.S. Embassy
In the case of a natural disaster such as a flood or earthquake, contact International
SOS. Insurance from Seven Corners applies only if a member of your team has a
medical emergency. You may also contact the U.S. Embassy for information and
possible assistance.
ISOS PHILADELPHIA Alarm Center: +1 215 942 8226
Membership number: #11BCPA000270
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C2b. Political or Military Events – Contact Seven Corners or College Travel
Insurance (for student members who do not have Seven Corners Insurance) and
U.S Embassy
In the case of political or military events and there is a formal recommendation for you
to leave the country, contact Seven Corners for assistance with evacuation to the
nearest place of safety. If you are covered by your university’s travel insurance, please
follow those procedures. You may also contact the U.S. Embassy for information and
possible assistance.
U.S., Canada & Caribbean: 1-800-690-6295 (Toll Free)
International:* Toll Free Country Access Codes + 800-690-6295
Collect Calls: 0-317-818-2808 (This line is monitored 24 hours a day)
When contacting Seven Corners, please have your ID card on hand so you can supply
the following:
4. Your full name as it appears on the card
5. Your policy Certificate #
6. Date of Birth
C2c. Kidnap or Ransom – Contact EWB-USA Emergency Phone
In a case of kidnap or ransom, contact EWB-USA Emergency Phone immediately and
wait for instructions. +1 303 478-8244
C3. Assess Injuries and Seek Medical Attention
If any team member has been injured and requires medical attention, begin the process
flow starting with Step B1.
If injuries, go to Step B1. If no injuries:
C4. Contact EWB-USA Emergency Phone
If you have not done so already, contact the EWB-USA emergency phone: +1 303 4788244 to report the safety situation.
Internet access and cell phone reception are still sometimes intact, even when landlines
are not. Satellite phones are generally the best option. If telephone access is limited,
EWB-USA can keep emergency contacts informed.
C5. Contact U.S. Check-In Contact
Contact the person designated as the U.S. Check-in contact on the 606 – Emergency
Contact Information form and inform them of the situation.
C6. Prepare Incident Report
The HSO should complete an incident report for the crisis and this should be submitted
to the EWB-USA Chapter Relations Manager immediately upon return to the U.S.
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C7. Monitor Local News, Travel Information, and US Embassy Updates
If any team members have access to radio, television and/or internet, they should
continue to monitor the local news and any travel information. Update all team
members. The U.S. Embassy may also be in contact with your team to provide updates.
The U.S. Embassy will use the contact information you provided when you registered
before traveling.
C8. Provide Daily Updates to EWB-USA Emergency Phone and to US Check-In
Contact
While team members remain in-country, provide daily updates to the U.S. Check-In and
EWB-USA emergency phone (Cathy Leslie)
C9. Closeout Incident with National Office
When the incident has been resolved in its entirety, the HSO should send a close-out email to chapter relations manager (CRM) to let the national office know that no further
action is necessary.
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