記錄 編號 6581 狀態 NC094FJU00255035 助教 查核 索書 號 學校
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記錄 編號 6581 狀態 NC094FJU00255035 助教 查核 索書 號 學校 名稱 輔仁大學 系所 名稱 食品營養學系 舊系 所名 稱 學號 493446069 研究 邱玉婷 生(中) 研究 Yu-Ting Chiu 生(英) 論文 名稱 (中) 論文 名稱 (英) 聚麩胺酸於抗氧化活性、吸附雜環胺及微膠囊化之功能性評估 Functional Evaluation of γ-Polyglutamic acid in Antioxidant Activity, Heterocyclic Amines Adsorption and Microencapsulation 其他 題名 指導 教授 (中) 陳炳輝 指導 教授 (英) Bing-Huei Chen 校內 全文 開放 日期 不公開 校外 全文 不公開 開放 日期 全文 不開 放理 由 電子 全文 同意 送交 國圖. 國圖 全文 2008.01.15 開放 日期. 檔案 說明 電子全文 電子 全文 01 學位 類別 碩士 畢業 學年 度 94 出版 年 語文 別 中文 關鍵 聚麩胺酸、抗氧化活性、雜環胺吸附、微膠囊、茄紅素 醯胺鍵鍵結 共 字(中) 軛雙烯 微膠囊 可行性 高分子 關鍵 Poly-γ-glutamic acid, Antioxidant activity, Heterocyclic amines adsorption , 字(英) Microencapsulation, lycopene system 摘要 (中) 摘要 聚麩胺酸（poly-γ-glutamic acid，γ - PGA）為一種多功能性聚合 物，由微生物或酵素經生化過程聚合而成，組成方式是由 L-麩胺酸 γ 位置的羧基與另一麩胺酸的胺基以醯胺鍵鍵結，依序重覆聚合成高分子 物質。本研究目的為探討 γ-聚麩胺酸的抗氧化活性、吸附毒性物質雜 環胺和包覆茄紅素之微膠囊化的可行性。結果顯示，γ-聚麩胺酸抑制共 軛雙烯和清除 DPPH 自由基的效果較 BHA 或維生素 E 差，但對螯合金 屬離子有良好效果，特別是螯合亞鐵離子。當三種鈣型、鈉型及氫型 γ-聚麩胺酸的濃度分別為 2500 ppm，1000~2500 ppm 及 150~1500 ppm， 具有較高的螯合能力，其螯合能力為氫型>鈉型>鈣型。吸附毒性物質方 面，以雜環胺 MeIQ、4,8-DiMeIQx、Norharman 及 Trp-p-2 作為被吸附物 質，當 pH 值從 1.0 上升至 3.0，γ-聚麩胺酸對於四種雜環胺的吸附有明 顯增加的現象；當 pH 值範圍在 3~7，γ- 聚麩胺酸對於四種雜環胺的吸 附率皆接近 100%；不同濃度方面，等溫吸附曲線於 pH 2.5 較類似 S 型 曲線，pH 5.5 則呈現 L 型或 H 型曲線。微膠囊化方面，以 4.5%動物膠配 合 10%γ-聚麩胺酸，並添加茄紅素萃取液 4.8%可得到最佳的乳化系 統，以 DSC 分析熱穩定性可達 120℃，且平均顆粒粒徑為 38.7μm。製 備的茄紅素微膠囊粉末過程中，茄紅素乳化液內茄紅素含量為 809.03μg，粉末中的茄紅素總量為 617.3 μg，茄紅素粉末產率則為 76.3%。茄紅素微膠囊粉末的儲藏試驗中，順式、反式及總量茄紅素皆 會隨著儲藏時間及溫度增加而減少。在釋放率方面，低 pH 值（pH 2.0 和 3.5）時，並未有茄紅素的釋出；高 pH 值（pH 5.5 和 7.0）時，茄紅素 的釋放率可達到 95%。 摘要 (英) 論文 目次 Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a multi-functional and biodegradable polymer synthesized by microorganisms or enzymes. It is a homopolymer of L-glutamic acid connected by amide linkage between α-amino and γ-carboxylic groups. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of γ-PGA on antioxidant activity, adsorption of toxic compounds like heterocyclic amines, and encapsulation of lycopene. Results indicated that γ-PGA was less effective in inhibiting conjugated diene formation and scavenging DPPH free radicals than BHA or vitamin E. However, γ-PGA possessed better ability in chelating metal ions. All the three forms of γ-PGA ( Ca, Na and H ) at concentrations 2500, 1000~2500 and 150~1500 ppm, respectively, showed better chelating effect for ferrous ions with the chelating ability following the order: H form > Na form > Ca form. The γ-PGA was also efficient in adsorbing HAs such as MeIQ, 4,8DiMeIQx, Norharman and Trp-P-2, and the adsorption increased significantly for pH 1~3 and reached a maximum (100 %) for pH 3~7. The equilibrium isotherms obtained at different HAs concentrations resembled a S-type curve at pH 2.5 and L- or H-type curve at pH 5.5. For microencapsulation, the most appropriate emulsion system was achieved by mixing 4.5% gelatin and 10% γ-PGA with 4.8% lycopene extracts and the mean particle size was shown to be about 38.7 μm. Analysis by Differential Scanning Calorimetry revealed the thermal stability of the coating material could be up to 120℃. The lycopene concentration in microencapsulated powder was 116.6 μg/g, while the total weight of lycopene powder was 617.3 μg and the yield was 76.3 %. The concentrations of cis-, trans- and total lycopene decreased with increasing storage time and temperature during storage of microencapsulated lycopene powder. No lycopene was released at low pH (pH 2.0 and 3.5), but a fast release occurred at high pH (pH 5.5 and 7.0) and reached 95%. 第一章、前言 1 第二章、文獻回顧 3 一、聚麩胺酸 3 （一）聚麩胺酸之 簡介 3 （二）聚麩胺酸的發現與生成 4 （三）聚麩胺酸之應用 6 二、油 脂氧化機制與抗氧化劑 11 （一）油脂氧化的機制 11 （二）抗氧化劑的 功能與種類 15 三、吸附理論 21 （一）吸附現象 21 （二）影響吸附的因 素 23 （三）等溫吸附曲線的分類 23 （四）吸附毒性物質之研究 25 四、 微膠囊包覆技術 28 （一）微膠囊的特性 28 （二）微膠囊的功能及應用 趨勢 28 （三）微膠囊的包覆材質 31 （四）微膠囊的製備方法 35 （五） 蛋白質與陰電性多醣類之交互作用於乳化安定性之影響 38 第三章、材 料與方法 40 I、抗氧化功能性評估 40 一、實驗樣品 40 二、實驗藥品及 標準品 40 三、儀器設備 41 四、實驗方法 41 1. 抑制共軛雙烯生成之評估 41 2. 清除 DPPH 自由基之評估 41 3. 螯合銅離子能力之測定 42 4. 螯合亞 鐵離子能力之測定 42 4.1 不同類型 γ-聚麩胺酸（鈣型、鈉型及氫型） 之評估 43 4.1 不同濃度 γ-聚麩胺酸（鈣型、鈉型及氫型）之評估 43 4.1 不同 pH 值對低濃度氫型 γ-聚麩胺酸之影響 43 五、統計方法 43 II、聚 麩胺酸吸附雜環胺之評估 44 一、實驗樣品 44 二、實驗藥品及標準品 44 三、儀器設備 44 四、實驗方法 45 1. pH 值對 γ-聚麩胺酸吸附雜環胺之 影響 45 2. 雜環胺濃度對 γ-聚麩胺酸吸附雜環胺之影響 45 3. 雜環胺分析 46 4. 雜環胺定量的方法 47 (1) 標準溶液的配製 47 (2) 標準曲線繪製 47 (3) 雜環胺之定量 47 五、統計方法 48 III、以 γ-聚麩胺酸製備茄紅素微膠 囊之評估 49 一、實驗樣品 49 二、實驗藥品及標準品 49 三、儀器設備 49 四、實驗方法 51 1. γ-聚麩胺酸與動物膠對微膠囊乳化液安定性之評 估 51 2. γ-聚麩胺酸與動物膠作為囊璧物質之熱安定性評估 51 3. 超臨界 二氧化碳茄紅素萃取液添加比例對微膠囊乳化液安定 性之評估 52 4. 茄 紅素微膠囊顆粒粒徑大小與分佈測定 52 5. 茄紅素微膠囊粉末製備 52 6. 粉末中茄紅素之分析 52 (1) 茄紅素之萃取 52 (2) HPLC 分析條件 53 (3) 茄 紅素之異構化 53 (4) 茄紅素之定性 53 (5) 茄紅素之定量 54 7. 粉末中茄紅 素之產率及計算 55 8. 茄紅素微膠囊粉末之儲藏安定性 55 (1) 儲藏安定性 55 (2) 茄紅素裂解速率常數(K)與活化能之測定 55 9. 茄紅素微膠囊粉末之 釋放率 56 五、統計方法 57 第四章、結果與討論 58 I.抗氧化功能性評估 58 一、γ-聚麩胺酸抑制共軛雙烯生成之評估 58 二、γ-聚麩胺酸清除 DPPH 自由基能力之評估 60 三、螯合金屬離子之能力 62 1. 不同類型 γ聚麩胺酸對螯合金屬離子之 62 2. 不同濃度對 γ-聚麩胺酸對螯合亞鐵離 子之影響 66 3. pH 值對 γ-聚麩胺酸對螯合亞鐵離子之影響 67 II. γ-聚麩 胺酸吸附雜環胺之評估 71 一、pH 值對 γ-聚麩胺酸吸附雜環胺之影響 73 二、雜環胺濃度對 γ-聚麩胺酸吸附雜環胺之影響 76 III. γ-聚麩胺酸 製備茄紅素微膠囊之評估 89 一、茄紅素 HPLC 分析及定量 89 二、γ-聚 麩胺酸與動物膠濃度對微膠囊乳化液安定性之評估 91 三、γ-聚麩胺酸 與動物膠作為囊璧物質之熱安定性評估 93 四、超臨界二氧化碳茄紅素 萃取液添加比例對微膠囊乳化安定 性之評估 93 五、茄紅素微膠囊顆粒 粒徑大小與分佈測定 95 六、茄紅素微膠囊粉末製備及其產率 95 七、茄 紅素微膠囊粉末之儲藏安定性 100 1. 茄紅素於儲藏期間含量的變化 100 2. 茄紅素裂解速率常數(K)與活化能之測定 112 八、茄紅素微膠囊粉末之 茄紅素釋放率 119 第五章、結論 123 第六章、參考文獻 125 參考 文獻 沈宗元。1970。制放技術與包覆。高力圖書有限公司。台北縣。 白壽 雄。1997。簡介微粒膠囊及其應用。界面科學會誌。10(1):36-45。 何觀 輝。2005。聚麩胺酸之結構特性與工業應用。生物產業 16：172-182。 何觀輝。2006。聚麩胺酸在促進鈣吸收與骨成長之保健功能。38(1):2736。 孫銘崑。2004。聚麩胺酸水膠之交聯與應用。雲林科技大學工業化 與災害防治研究所碩士學位論文。雲林縣。 高馥君，李敏雄。1998。食 品保存與抗氧化劑。食品工業。30（12）:17-24。 張兆德。1992。嬰兒 乳粉中硫酸亞鐵之微膠囊化。國立臺灣大學畜產學研究所碩士學位論 文。台北市。 曹功勳。2001。改質黏土吸附酚類化合物之平衡與動力 學。元智大學化學工程學系碩士學位論文。新竹市。 陳雅玲。2003。聚 麩胺酸的物性與化妝品應用之研究。靜宜大學應用化學系碩士學位論 文。台中縣。 許朝凱。1996。以吸附劑降低食物中黃麴毒素 B1 之研 究。輔仁大學食品營養學系碩士學位論文。台北縣。 陳炯堂，杜宏文。 1992。動物膠與陰電性多醣類複合物之流變性與熱性質。食品科學 19： 397-405。 彭詩純。2003。鯖魚肉酵素水解物之游離胺基酸及胜?與抗氧 化及苦味之關係。國立臺灣海洋大學水產食品科學系碩士學位論文。基 隆市。 曾吉偉。2001。酵素水解魚肉生產胜?及其抗氧化特性之研究。 國立臺灣海洋大學水產食品科學系碩士學位論文。基隆市。 楊佩祺、 陳?堂。1995。相分離膠體包覆油溶性香味物質及其安定性之研究。食品 科學 22:172-184。 楊萬發。1994。水及廢水處理化學。茂昌圖書有限公 司。台北市。 蔡順仁、沈立言。1991。噴霧乾燥微膠囊化之膠囊壁物 質。食品工業 23(9):28-31。 龔育鞍。2004。聚麩胺酸的鎘、鉛重金屬吸 附性質探討。大葉大學生物產業科技學系碩士學位論文。彰化縣。 Almela L, Fernandez-Lopez JA, Lopez JM. 1992. 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