Psychoactive Drugs
Illegal Drugs
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Cannabinoids
Depressants
Hallucinogens
Stimulants
Narcotics
Steroids
Cannabinoids
• Marijuana
• Hashish
Marijuana
• Made from the dried leaves and tops of the
cannabis plant.
Street Names
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Dope
Grass
Mary Jane
Ganja
Pot
Joints
Weed
Skunk
How Ingested/Legality
• Smoked or eaten
• Light marijuana users
smoked two to 15
joints per week,
• Moderate users
smoked 17 to 70 joints
per week
• Heavy users smoked
78 to 350 joints per
week.
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q
=marijuana+video&FORM=VIRE1#view
=detail&mid=04F5028EAFC6B9C79B94
04F5028EAFC6B9C79B94
Effects
Lasts 2-4 hours
Users become:
• Relaxed
• Drowsy
• Euphoric
• Hungry
THC
• In 2012, THC concentrations in marijuana
averaged nearly 15 percent, compared to
around 4 percent in the 1980s. For a new user,
this may mean exposure to higher
concentrations of THC
Short Term Psychological Effects
Signs of using marijuana include:
• Altered perceptions and mood
• Difficulty with thinking and problem solving
• Dizziness
• Impaired short-term memory
• Increased metabolism (the munchies)
• Impaired time perception
• In large doses, hallucinations
Long Term Psychological Effects
• Affects brain development, and when it is used
heavily by young people, its effects on thinking and
memory may last a long time or even be permanent
• Impaired Short-Term and Long-Term Memory
• A-Motivational Syndrome (lack of motivation)
• Increased Anxiety
• Depression Tendencies
• Psychosis Tendencies
• Loss of Co-ordination and Balance
Physical Effects of Marijuana
Short term:
• Increased heart rate
• Dry mouth and throat
• Red eyes
• Relaxation
• Sensation of hot and cold
Long term:
• Suppression of the immune system so reduced
resistance to common illnesses (colds, bronchitis,
etc.)
• Reduced sexual capacity
• Lung infections like pneumonia
What Are the Other Health Effects
of Marijuana?
• Marijuana raises heart rate by 20-100 percent
shortly after smoking; this effect can last up to
3 hours.
• In one study, it was estimated that marijuana
users have a 4.8-fold increase in the risk of
heart attack in the first hour after smoking the
drug, causing palpitations and arrhythmias.
Medical Marijuana Pros:
• Enhance the appetite of cancer patients
undergoing chemotherapy.
• Relieving a person from the uneasy feeling
of nausea.
• Treatment of neurogenic pain.
• People suffering from glaucoma, asthma
and spasticity (resistance to stretch).
• Relieve the chronic pain and suffering of
people with incurable diseases like cancer,
AIDS, multiple sclerosis, etc.
Marijuana and Driving
• Because it seriously impairs judgment and
motor coordination, marijuana also
contributes to accidents while driving.
• A recent analysis of data from several studies
found that marijuana use more than doubles a
driver’s risk of being in an accident.
• Further, the combination of marijuana and
alcohol is worse than either substance alone
with respect to driving impairment
Is Marijuana Addictive?
• Contrary to what many pot smokers may tell
you, marijuana is addictive, at least
psychologically. Among heavy pot smokers,
the rates of dependence are higher.
• Estimates from research suggest that about 9
percent of users become addicted to
marijuana; this number increases among
those who start young (to about 17 percent,
or 1 in 6) and among daily users (to 25-50
percent).
Withdrawal Symptoms?
• Long-term marijuana users trying to quit
report withdrawal symptoms including
irritability, sleeplessness, decreased appetite,
anxiety, and drug craving.
Marijuana Overdose
• Temporary overdose of the pot is called “greening
out.” The effects last for a few hours. Some of the
symptoms include:
• Temporary and extreme paranoia, fear and anxiety
• Trouble breathing
• Pupil dilation
• Nausea and vomiting
• Fast pulse
• Shaking chills
• Disorientation
• Hallucinations
Ohio and the Law:
Activity
Amount
Incarceration Fine (max)1 Classification
3
Possess
100 g or less 5
or Cultivate
$150 2
100 g to 200 Regular
g
30 days max $250
Near school 60 days max $500
or minor 5
200 g to
1,000 g
1,000 g to
20,000 g
Regular
1 year max
$2,500
Near school 18 months $5,000
or minor 5
Regular
5 years max 4 $10,000
Near school 2-8 years
or minor 5
$15,000
Minor
Misdemeano
r
Misdemeano
r (4th
Degree)
Misdemeano
r (3rd
Degree)
Felony (5th
Degree)
Felony (4th
Degree)
Felony (3th
Degree)
Felony (2nd
Degree)
Monitoring the Future Study: Trends in Prevalence of Marijuana/ Hashish for 8thGraders, 10th-Graders, and 12th-Graders; 2013 (in percent)*
Drug
Time Period
8th-Graders
10th-Graders
12th-Graders
Marijuana/
Hashish
Lifetime
16.50
35.80
45.50
Past Year
12.70
29.80
36.40
Past Month
7.00
18.00
22.70
Daily
1.10
4.00
6.50
Teens and Marijuana
Hashish
• The liquid resin from the
cannabis plant.
Street Names
• Boom
• Chronic
• Gangster
• Hash
• Hash oil
• Hemp
How Ingested
• Smoked
• Mixed with tobacco
• Eaten in candies or cookies
Effects
• Similar to Marijuana but
stronger
Depressants
• Barbiturates
• Benzodiazepines
• Methaqualone
Barbiturates
• Strong depressants that are
prescribed to relax people or
help them sleep
Street Names
• Barbs
• Reds
• Red birds
• Phennies
• Yellows
• Yellow jackets
How Ingested
• Injected
• Swallowed
Potential Health Consequences
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Reduced anxiety
Feeling of well-being
Lowered inhibitions
Slowed pulse and breathing
Lowered blood pressure
Poor concentration
Benzodiazepines
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Depressant
Used to treat seizures
Anxiety
Insomnia
Conscious sedation
Street Names
• Candy
• Downers
• Sleeping pills
• Tranks
How Ingested
• Swallowed
• Injected
Potential Health Consequences
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Depression
Unusual excitement
Fever
Irritability
Poor judgment
Slurred speech
Dizziness
Withdrawal Symptoms
• Perceptual distortions
• Paraesthesia, defined as abnormal skin
sensations such as tingling, tickling, itching or
burning
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Difficult walking
Anxiety
Tension
Agitation
Restlessness
Sleep disturbance/insomnia
Overdose Symptoms
• Poor balance, difficulty walking
• Slurred speech
• Depending on the amount taken and the amount of
time that has passed since the overdose, the person
may experience depressed (slow, shallow) breathing,
coma, cardiac arrest, cold skin/hypothermia, and
hypotension
Methaqualone
• Depressant
Street Names
• Ludes, mandrex, quad, quay
How Ingested
• Injected, Swallowed
Potential Health
Consequences
• Depression
• Poor reflexes
• Slurred speech
• Coma
Hallucinogens
• LSD
• PCP
• Mescaline
• Mushrooms
LSD
• Is made from synthesized lysergic acid.
Street Names
• Acid
• Blotter
• Boomers
• Cubes
• Microdot
• Yellow Sunshines
How Ingested
• Absorbed through mouth tissues
• Swallowed
• Sniffed
Effects
• Pupils Dilate
• Skin becomes “flushed”
• Heart rate and temperature
increases
• “bad trips”
Potential Health Consequences
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Altered state of perception
Nausea
Persistent mental disorders
Sleeplessness
Loss of appetite
Weakness
Tremors
PCP
• Initially developed as general anesthetics for
surgery
• Distort perceptions of sight and sound and
produce feelings of detachment - dissociation
- from the environment and self.
Street Names
• Angel dust
• Dust
How Ingested
• Smoked
• Swallowed
• Sniffed
Effects
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Restlessness
Disorientation
Anxiousness
Anger
Aggression
Feelings of Invincibility
Mescaline
• Mescaline is a naturally occurring
psychedelic found in several cactus species,
most notably, Peyote and San Pedro
• From earliest recorded time, peyote has been used
by natives in northern Mexico and the
southwestern United States as a part of their
religious rites.
• The top of the cactus above ground--also referred
to as the crown--consists of disc-shaped buttons
that are cut from the roots and dried. These
buttons are generally chewed or soaked in water to
produce an intoxicating liquid.
• The hallucinogenic dose of mescaline lasts about 12
hours
Side Effects
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Pupil dialation
Dizziness
Vomiting
Sensations of warm and cold
Headaches
Some of the visions under the effect of mescaline
can cause nightmares that can give birth to some
psychosis to the consumers.
MAGIC MUSHROOMS
Street Names
• Mushrooms
• Shrooms
How Ingested
• Eaten
SHROOM EFFECTS:
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muscle relaxation
Dilation of pupils
Vivid visual and auditory distortions
Emotional disturbances.
Stimulants
• Stimulants are drugs which
produce a quick temporary
increase of energy.
• Cocaine, tobacco and caffeine are
the three most popular stimulants
Types of Stimulants
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Cocaine
Crack
Amphetamines
Methamphetamines
Cocaine
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Wicky stick
Nose candy
Blow
Snowball
Tornado
How Ingested
• Snorted
• Injected
• Smoked
Effects of Cocaine
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Highly addicted
Can cause stroke, heart attack or seizure
Can be fatal in one use
While each person who uses this drug reacts to it
differently, there are two distinct categories of
cocaine effects: short-term effects and long-term
effects
Short Term Effects
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Increased blood pressure
Constricted blood vessels
Dilated pupils
Mental alertness
Increased energy
Increased heart rate
Decreased appetite
Increased temperature
Long Term Effects
• convulsions, nausea, blurred vision, chest pain,
fever, muscle spasms, and coma
• Other long-term cocaine effects include:
Addiction
Paranoia
Irritability
Restlessness
Auditory hallucinations
Mood disturbances
Crack Effects
• 10 times greater than cocaine.
• Can be fatal with one use
• Extremely addictive
Crack
• Freebase Cocaine
• Rock
How Ingested
• Because crack is smoked, the user experiences
a high in less than 10 seconds.
Methamphetamines
Street Names
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Meth
Crank
Crystal Meth
Crystal Tea
Crystal
Ice
Speed
Chalk
Glass
How Ingested
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Swallowed
Snorted
Injected
Smoked
Effects
• Addictive
• Effects similar to cocaine
• Can be fatal
with one use
Faces of Meth…………….
Amphetamines
• Diet Pills (No longer sold for this purpose)
• Ingested - Swallowed
Street Names
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Speed
Uppers
Ups
Black beauties
Pep pills
Copilots
Bumblebees
Hearts
Footballs
Effects
• They induce exhilarating feelings of power, strength,
energy.
• The need to sleep or eat is diminished.
• The release of dopamine typically induces a sense of
aroused euphoria but the euphoria doesn't last. There
follows an intense mental depression and fatigue.
• Feelings are intensified. The user may feel he can take
on the world.
Narcotics
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Opium
Morphine
Codeine
Heroin
The term "narcotic," derived from the Greek word for
stupor, originally referred to a variety of substances
that dulled the senses and relieved pain.
Opium
• Street name – “O”
• Ingested – Smoked
• Extremely addictive
Morphine
• Morphine is isolated from crude opium, which is a
resinous prep of the opium poppy.
• Trade Name - Roxinal, MS Contain, Morphine
Sulfate
• Street Names - "M", morph, Miss Emma
• Ingested – Injected,
snorted, smoked or
swallowed
Medical Uses
• Symptomatic relief of moderately severe to severe pain;
• Relief of certain types of difficult or labored breathing;
• Suppression of severe cough (rarely);
• Suppression of severe
diarrhea (e.g., that produced
by cholera).
Effects
• Drowsiness and fatigue
• One of the strongest pain relievers used in
medicine.
• Causes addiction and severe withdrawal
symptoms
• Can cause respiratory arrest and death.
Heroin
• Heroin is processed from morphine.
• Substance extracted from the seedpod of the
Asian poppy plant.
How Ingested
• Injected
• Snorted
• Smoked
Effects
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Extremely addictive
Can cause respiratory arrest and death.
Severe withdrawal symptoms
Heightens the risk for infection with HIV
and Hepatitis B
Track Marks
OxyContin
• OxyContin is a powerful painkiller available
in time-release tablets whose effects last
for twelve hours.
Steroid Street Names
• ‘Roids
• Juice
• Hype
• Pump
Who Uses Steroids?
• Athletes involved in sports that rely on
strength and size, like football, wrestling, or
baseball
• Endurance athletes, such as those involved
in track-and-field and swimming
• Athletes involved in weight training or
bodybuilding
• Anyone interested in building and defining
muscles
How are steroids used?
• By mouth (pills)
• Injected
What are the side effects of steroids?
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High blood pressure and heart disease
Liver damage and cancers
Stroke and blood clots
Urinary and bowel problems, such as diarrhea
Headaches, aching joints, and muscle cramps
Nausea and vomiting
Sleep problems
Increased risk of ligament and tendon injuries
Severe acne, especially on face and back
Baldness
Steroids
• Powerful drugs that boost athletic
performance.
• Anabolic means
"building body tissue.“
Anabolic steroids help
build muscle tissue and
increase body mass by
acting like the body's
natural male hormone, testosterone.
Emotional Effects
• "Roid rage" - severe, aggressive behavior that may
result in violence, such as fighting or destroying
property
• Severe mood swings
• Hallucinations - seeing or hearing things that are
not really there
• Paranoia - extreme feelings of mistrust and fear
• Anxiety and panic attacks
• Depression and thoughts of suicide
• An angry, hostile, or irritable mood
A Special Danger to Adolescents
• Anabolic steroids, even in small doses, have
been shown to stop growth too soon.
• Adolescents also may be at risk for
becoming dependent on steroids.
• Adolescents who use steroids are also more
likely to use other addictive drugs and
alcohol.
Club Drugs
MDMA (Ecstasy)
• MDMA is an illegal drug that acts as both a
stimulant and hallucinogen
Street Names
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Ecstasy
Adam
XTC
Hug
Beans
Love drug
How Ingested
• Orally, usually in a tablet or capsule, and its
effects last approximately 3 to 6 hours
• Sniffed
• Injected
Effects of Ecstasy
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Confusion
Depression
Addiction
Paranoia
Nausea
Blurred Vision
Acne Like Rashes
Brain Damage
Teeth Clenching
Chills and Cold Sweating
Liver Damage
Aggression
Chills and Cold Sweating
Sleep Problems
Anxiety
Teeth Clenching
What are its long-term effects?
• Repeated use of Ecstasy ultimately may
damage the cells that produce serotonin,
which has an important role in the regulation
of mood, appetite, pain, learning and
memory.
• There already is research suggesting Ecstasy
use can disrupt or interfere with memory.
The Withdrawal Symptoms
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Insomnia
Loss of weight
Depression
Loss of appetite
Anxiety
Effects
• Also acts as a stimulant
• Can cause brain damage
• Similar to LSD
New Drugs on the Market
Strawberry Quick
• They are calling this new form of
meth "Strawberry Quick"
• It looks like Pop Rocks candy that sizzle in your
mouth. It is dark pink in color and has a
strawberry scent to it.
• First-time users might feel alert, full of energy
and self-confident in the initial onset of the drug,
but hours later, brain cells release an enzyme that
stops the dopamine flow, which is what sends
feelings of pleasure.
Mollys
• Slang for "molecular".
• “Molly" is crystal or powder form of MDMA.
• Molly" has properties similar to the stimulant
effects of Ecstasy, but taken in larger doses it
promotes hallucinogenic reactions.
• This poses an even greater risk to young
adults who have taken Ecstasy previously and
accidentally overdose by trying to achieve the
hallucinogenic effects.
Molly………….
• Psychological: Anxiety and paranoia,
depression, Irritability, fatigue, Impaired
attention, focus, and concentration, (due to
depleted serotonin levels)
• Physiological: Dizziness, lightheadedness, or
vertigo, Loss of appetite, Gastrointestinal
disturbances, such as diarrhea or constipation
Insomnia aches and pains.
Spice
• Synthetic Marijuana
• "Spice" refers to a wide variety of herbal mixtures
that produce experiences similar to marijuana
• Sold under many names, including K2, fake weed,
Yucatan Fire, Skunk, Moon Rocks
• Contain dried, shredded plant material and chemical
additives that are responsible for their psychoactive
(mind-altering) effects.
How Does Spice Affect the Brain?
• Similar to those produced by marijuana—
elevated mood, relaxation, and altered
perception—and in some cases the effects are
even stronger than those of marijuana.
• Some users report psychotic effects like
extreme anxiety, paranoia, and hallucinations.
What Are Physical Effects of Spice?
• Rapid heart rate, vomiting, agitation,
confusion, and hallucinations.
• Spice can also raise blood pressure and cause
reduced blood supply to the heart (myocardial
ischemia)
• Regular users may experience withdrawal and
addiction symptoms.
Bath Salts
• http://youtu.be/bKbTbRqXVFg
• "Ivory Wave," "Purple Wave," Vanilla Sky," and
"Bliss" are street names of “bath salts”
• These drugs have nothing to do with real bath
salts –
• They snort it, shoot it, mix it with food and drink
it
• The effects can include “Excited Delirium”,
agitation, paranoia, hallucinations, chest pain,
increased pulse, high blood pressure, and suicidal
thinking/behavior
What are the Short-Term Effects?
• Very severe paranoia that can sometimes cause users
to harm themselves or others.
• Suicidal thoughts, agitation, combative/violent
behavior, confusion, hallucinations/psychosis,
increased heart rate, hypertension, chest pain, death
or serious injury.
• The speed of onset is 15 minutes, while the length of
the high from these drugs is 4-6 hours.
Krocodile Drug
• Krokodil is actually Desomorphine.
• Is an Opiate
• Made quickly from Codeine, Iodine and
red phosphorous.
• 8 to 10 times more potent than morphine.
Krocodile Drug
• At the injection site the skin will turn green and scaly
from gangrene and resemble that of a crocodile right
before it starts rotting away exposing tissue and
bone.
• Popular in Russia and Eastern Europe.
• The average life expectancy of a user? Under 1 year.
Krocodil
http://youtu.be/D2vkdxKHFB8
DATE RAPE DRUGS
• These are drugs that are sometimes used to
assist a sexual assault.
• GHB (gamma hydroxybutyric acid)
• Rohypnol (flunitrazepam)
• Ketamine (ketamine hydrochloride)
STREET TERMS
Ketamine
MDMA
Rohypnol
Disco biscuit
Forget me
drug
Grievous
K
bodily harm
Hug drug
Mexican
valium
Max
Jet
Go
Roaches
Soap
Super acid
XTC
Roofies
GHB
Street Terms37
Goop
Cat valium
What do the drugs look like?
• GHB has a few forms: a liquid
with no odor or color,
white powder, and pill.
• Rohypnol is a pill and dissolves in liquids. New
pills turn blue when added to liquids.
• Ketamine is a white powder.
What effects do these drugs have on
the body?
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GHB can cause these problems:
Relaxation
Drowsiness
Dizziness
Nausea
Problems seeing
Unconsciousness (black out)
Seizures
• Can't remember what
happened while drugged
• Problems breathing
• Tremors
• Sweating
• Vomiting
• Slow heart rate
• Dream-like feeling
• Coma
• Death
ROHYPNOL
• Rohypnol can cause these
problems:
• Can't remember what
happened while drugged
• Lower blood pressure
• Sleepiness
• Muscle relaxation or loss of
muscle control
• Drunk feeling
• Nausea
• Problems talking
• Difficulty with motor
movements
• Loss of consciousness
• Confusion
• Problems seeing
• Dizziness
• Confusion
• Stomach problems
KETAMINE
•
• Hallucinations
•
• Lost sense of time and identity •
• Distorted perceptions of sight •
and sound
•
• Feeling out of control
•
• Impaired motor function
•
• Problems breathing
•
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Convulsions
Vomiting
Out of body experiences
Memory problems
Dream-like feeling
Numbness
Loss of coordination
Aggressive or violent behavior
Slurred speech
Are these drugs legal in the United
States?
• Rohypnol is NOT legal in the U.S. It is legal in Europe and
Mexico and prescribed for sleep problems and as an
anesthetic (medicine given during surgery so you don't feel
pain).
• Ketamine is legal in the U.S. for use as an anesthetic for
humans and animals. It is mostly used on animals.
• GHB was recently made legal in the U.S to treat problems
from narcolepsy (a sleep problem).
How can I protect myself from being a
victim?
• Don't accept drinks from other people.
• Open containers yourself.
• Keep your drink with you at all times, even when you go to
the bathroom.
• Don't share drinks.
• Don't drink from punch bowls or other large, common,
open containers.
• Don't drink anything that tastes or smells strange.
Sometimes, GHB tastes salty.
• Have a non-drinking friend with you to make sure nothing
happens.
OVERDOSE VICTIMS