C4ADS Environmental Crimes Fusion Cell The Global Trade in Illicit Elephant Ivory: Use Values and Financial Flows Consumer Retail Ivory Retail Prices across African and Asian Markets Speculation Bush Currency N'Dele (US$34) Kisangani (US$225) Consumer Retail Beijing (US$2100/kg) Wildlife crime converges with other conflict and illicit activities Sudan-linked militias involved in ambush of rangers South Sudanese police crossing border to poach Allegations of illicit logging operations aiding bush meat poachers in TRIDOM Congolese army commander supplies illicit weapons to rebel groups in DRC in exchange for ivory and gold Illicit copper smuggling network in Tanzania also transported ivory in 2013 Illicit diamonds and ivory seized from smuggling operation in Botswana Narrow Supply Chain 100-250 Containers = Select major origin ports 15-25 Chokepoint Ports = Select major transit ports 10-15 Shipping Companies = Select major destination ports Wildlife traffickers use complex means of physical obfuscation to transfer contraband across geographical boundaries and through licit supply chains 900 kg, Vietnam Obfuscated in Charcoal 1.8 tons, Tanzania Obfuscated in anchovies 500 kg, Uganda Obfuscated as Shea Butter 6 tons, Malaysia Obfuscated in timber 1 ton, Vietnam Obfuscated as peanuts Seizure Network Analysis: A Global Scale Over 14 tons of ivory products seized from a single logistics and transport infrastructure 2011: An entity which coordinated container transport in 2015 seizures, Tanzania also transported several containers seized in 2013 Illicit Copper 2013: Hong Kong 1,323 kg Network map of information provided on Thailand Customs Press release 2015: Thailand 3,172 kg Up to 35,000 elephants killed --- 2015: Using company registers, maritime shipping databases, Singapore local media reporting, and government documentation we 3,700 kg Weeks later a second seizure occurred with expanded the network2013: 2013: several entities in common Singapore Mombasa 1,833 kg 3,828 kg Consignor exported 6 containers within the past year, 3 of which are known to contain ivory Nearly $20 million Consignee Network Analysis Vietnamese network imports 7 tons ivory, 4 tons pangolin scales and 142 kg rhino horn 2015: Da Nang, Vietnam 593 kg ivory / 142 kg rhino horn 2015: Thailand 3,172 kg ivory 2015: Da Nang, Vietnam 2,300 kg ivory 2015: Dathe Nang, Vietnam public records, we Using Vietnamese 1,001 kg ivory, 4,023 kgownership and identified beneficial pangolin relatedproducts companies of the consignee Months later, authorities in Da Nang, Vietnam made another ivory seizure, destined to the same consignee Just days twoscale moreivory shipment was seized In April, 2015later, a large seizures were made.consignee en-route to a Vietnamese Third seizure was destined for the same consignee Fourth seizure was destined for a related company Wildlife traffickers maintain multiple bank accounts and conduct financial transfers across geographical boundaries Vixay Keosavang, a leading wildlife smuggling kingpin in Southeast Asia, allegedly has a transnational network of suppliers and buyers spanning Africa and Asia Banking correspondents in the US Sales contract outlining wildlife sales, using banking networks in Vietnam and Laos, Denominated in USD Transaction denominated in USD