Exploring Nature
unit 5
Great Scientists
The father of modern physics
Charles Darwin
Theory: Natural
Selection
Works: “the
Origin of Species”
Thomas Edison
One of the greatest
inventors of the 20th
century
Yang Zhenning
The Nobel
Prize for
Physics in 1957
Other famous inventors
Who invented them?
phone
Bell
Plane
The Wright Brothers
What made them so great?
Scan the text and finish the task:
Some Important Information about Einstein
He was born in Germany.
1879
______________________
1894
He
attended a polytechnic school in
______________________________
Switzerland.
__________
1905
He
began to publish his thoughts.
____________________________
1914
____
He became a professor of physics at the
University of Berlin.
Some Important Information about
Einstein
1921
____________________________
He was awarded the Nobel Prize
____________________________
for Physics for his work on the
__________________
photoelectric effect.
After 1933
______________________________
He had to leave Germany and
______________________________
spent the rest of his life teaching in
______________________________
the United States at Princeton
___________
University.
____
1955
He passed away at the age of 76.
• In chronological order
• 按照年代顺序
Einstein’s Contributions (Para. C- F)
an
 One of Einstein’s theories provided ____
explanation
for the photoelectric effect
___________________________________.
 In the long course of research he developed
his theories of relativity
______________________.
that solid object
 His theories also predicted ______________
can be changed into pure energy
_____________________________.
 His theories led to _________________
the development of
_________________________________.
nuclear power and the atomic bomb
Sections
Section One
(Para. A & B)
Section Two
(Para. C ~ F)
Section Three
(Para. G ~ I)
Headings
An all-round and modest
genius
Major achievements and
academic theories
Early life and interests in
mathematics and physics
Listen to the tape
• When you are listening, please
underline the new words and phrases
in the text.
Text
the Father of
Modern Physics
fascinate vt.迷住，使吸引 =attract
fascinating adj.吸引人的 =attractive
fascinated
adj.被…吸引的 =attracted
The audience was greatly fascinated by the performance
of the children.
be fascinated by 被…吸引住
The little boy is fascinated with computer games.
be fascinated with 迷上…
游客们被西湖的美丽景色迷住了。
The visitors were fascinated by the beautiful scenery
of the West Lake.
qualification 资格，条件
After four years of study in the university John had the
qualifications for being a lawyer.
Although he seems very strong, he doesn’t have the
qualifications for pilots.
qualify v.使有资格 be qualified for sth./to do sth.
He is not qualified to teach French.
她不适合这个工作。
She is not qualified for this post.
carry out
进行，实施
eg. When will you carry out your plan?
我被选出来进行这项试验
I was chosen to carry out the experiment.
lead to 导致
This will lead to misunderstanding.
All roads lead to Rome.
provide sth for sb / provide sb with sth
提供某人某物
父母提供子女衣食。
Parents provide their children with food
and clothing.
award vt.颁发，授予
award sb. sth = award sth. to sb.
He was awarded the first prize.
The gold medal was awarded to the farmer
for his fine new species of vegetables.
speak out against充分反对
他常常大胆的表明他反对不公正的事务
He always spoke out against injustice.
speak of
谈到，说起
speak highly/well of sb
称赞某人
speak for
代表…讲话,充当…的代言人
e.g. I’m ready to decide, but I can’t speak for
my colleagues.
flee (fled, fled) v.逃跑，逃离 =run away
The enemy fled in disorder.
The criminal killed all his roommates and fled the
country. （逃往国外）
二次世界大战期间，许多犹太人不得不从德国逃
出来
During the Second World War, many Jewish
people had to flee (from) Germany.
predict vt.预言，预测
prediction n.
predictable adj.可预测的，可预言的
天气预报员预言明天会下雨。
The weather reporter predicts that it is going to
rain tomorrow.
protest v.抗议，反对 (~ against)
He protested against being called a fool.
The children protested loudly when they
were told to go to bed early.
qualification 资格，条件
After four years of study in the university John had the
qualifications for being a lawyer.
Although he seems very strong, he doesn’t have the
qualifications for pilots.
qualify v.使有资格 be qualified for sth./to do sth.
He is not qualified to teach French.
她不适合这个工作。
She is not qualified for this post.
carry out
进行，实施
eg. When will you carry out your plan?
我被选出来进行这项试验
I was chosen to carry out the experiment.
lead to 导致
This will lead to misunderstanding.
All roads lead to Rome.
provide sth for sb / provide sb with sth
提供某人某物
父母提供子女衣食。
Parents provide their children with food
and clothing.
award vt.颁发，授予
award sb. sth = award sth. to sb.
He was awarded the first prize.
The gold medal was awarded to the farmer
for his fine new species of vegetables.
speak out against充分反对
他常常大胆的表明他反对不公正的事务
He always spoke out against injustice.
speak of
谈到，说起
speak highly/well of sb
称赞某人
speak for
代表…讲话,充当…的代言人
e.g. I’m ready to decide, but I can’t speak for
my colleagues.
flee (fled, fled) v.逃跑，逃离 =run away
The enemy fled in disorder.
The criminal killed all his roommates and fled the
country. （逃往国外）
二次世界大战期间，许多犹太人不得不从德国逃
出来
During the Second World War, many Jewish
people had to flee (from) Germany.
predict vt.预言，预测
prediction n.
predictable adj.可预测的，可预言的
天气预报员预言明天会下雨。
The weather reporter predicts that it is going to
rain tomorrow.
protest v.抗议，反对 (~ against)
He protested against being called a fool.
The children protested loudly when they
were told to go to bed early.
be/become/get involved in
卷入；牵涉
参与其中；
The scientist is involved in the new research work.
The country is involved in a war and its people
are suffering greatly.
Mary became involved in their dispute when she
tried to give her own opinion.
The old lady likes to become involved in
everything and know all the details.
company n.
I should be glad to be your company on the journey.
陪伴
John established a company with his elder brother.
公司
词组：keep sb company
陪伴某人
eg. I will not go with you; I’ll stay at home and keep
my mother company.
much too
太…，修饰形容词或副词
too much
太多…，修饰不可数名词
too many
太多…，修饰可数名词
a. There are _________
too many people here. Let’s go to another
restaurant.
much too difficult for me. I
b. This maths problem is _________
can’t work it out.
too much money.
c. One will never think he has _________
leave sth/sb behind 留下，遗落，忘记携带
我忘了带我的行李。
I have left my luggage behind.
leave sb/sth alone
不要干涉某人/某事
别管我！（让我一个人呆着。）
Leave me alone!
a wealth of 大量 （可修饰可数或不可名词）
众多朋友
a wealth of friends
很多书
a wealth of books
丰富的思想
a wealth of ideas
大量的信息
a wealth of information
practice
Phrases:
出身于犹太家庭
be born of Jewish parents
被…所吸引
be fascinated by
做低级职员的工作 take a post as a junior clerk
实施，执行
carry out
引起，导致
lead to
将他的想法公之于众
提供某人某物
上台
publish his thoughts
provide sth for sb/ provide sb with sth
come to power
充分而坦率的说出
speak out against
结果是
as a result
纯能源
pure energy
核能
nuclear power
protest against nuclear weapons
反对使用核武器
参与了和平运动 become involved in the peace movement
郑重对待
take oneself seriously
去世
留下了丰富的思想
奠定了…的基础
pass away
leave behind a wealth of ideas
form the foundation of
1 观众被这个男孩的表演所深深吸引。最终他被授予一
等奖。 (fascinate, award)
The audience were fascinated by the performance of
the boy. As a result, he was awarded the first prize.
2 强盗仓皇逃走，留下了他抢来的珠宝。(flee, jewelry)
The robber fled hurriedly, leaving behind the jewelry that
he robbed.
3 爱因斯坦参与了和平运动并抗议核武器的使用。
(be involved in, protest)
Einstein was involved in the peace movement and
protested against the nuclear weapons.
4 爱因斯坦谦虚、脚踏实地、不自以为是。尽管他逝世
了，但为我们留下了丰富的思想。 (take …seriously)
Einstein was modest and down-to-earth, and didn’t take
himself seriously. Though he has passed away, he left
behind a wealth of ideas.
5 在Tom取得教师资格之后，他在一所重点高中当了一名
数学老师。
(take a post, key)
After gaining the teaching qualification, Tom took a post
as a teacher in a key senior school.
Workbook grammar B
• 1. Tom realized he was wrong only at that
time.
• Only at that time
did Tom realize he was wrong
_________________________________
• 2. The scientist hardly had a day off in the
long course of his experiment.
did the scientist have a day off in the
• Hardly______________________________
long course of his experiment
____________________________________
• 3. The old lady will never forget those
happy days.
• Never will the old lady forget those
happy days.
_______________________________
• 4. The girl did not start doing her
homework until her mother returned.
• Not
her mother returned did the girl
until_______________________________
start doing her homework.
___________________________________
• 5. The young man knew little about the
accident.
• Little did the young man know about
the accident.
____________________________________
• 6. Nowadays young people seldom use
pens to write letters.
do young people use pens to
• Seldom______________________________
write letters nowadays
___________________________________
Translation
1. 落日变化多端的色彩让那些年
轻人都着了迷。(be fascinated)
• The young were all
fascinated by the changing
colors of the setting sun/
sunset.
2. 杰克获得中学教师资格后，开
始了他的教学生涯。(obtain the
qualifications for)
• After Jack obtained the
qualification for a high
school teacher, he
started his teaching
career.
3. 欢迎任何人对我大胆地说出反
对意见。(speak out against)
• Anyone is welcome to speak
out against me.
4. 几天来我们一直轮流工作,从未
停止.(take up)
• In the past few days, we have
taken up the work in turn and
never stopped.
5. 实验以后,化学老师开始解释媒
燃烧后变成了什么.(change into)
• After the experiment, the
chemistry teacher began to
explain what coal changed into
after burning.
6. 出了聪明之外，汤姆还非常友
善，乐于助人。(apart from)
• Apart from being clever, Tom
is very kind and ready to help
others.
7. 李教授花了十几年时间才完成
这篇重要的论文.(spend… doing)
• Professor Li spent over
10 years (in) completing
this important essay.
8. 他们花了多少时间才登上山顶
并返回村庄? (It takes… to)
• How long did it take
them to climb up to the
top of the mountain and
return to the village?
81.- 85 双新翻译
• 81. It was these experiments that made
her believe that the theory was right.
• 82. Hawking’s theories were so advanced
that it was a long time before they were
accepted.
• Hawing’s theories were soo advanced that
it took a long time before they were
accepted.
• 83. It was the scientists’ devotion that led to the
breakthroughs one after another in the field of
science. (one breakthrough after another)
• 84. What we have seen is always different from
what we have heard.
• 85. What he left behind is a wealth of literature
masterpieces, which can stand the test of time.
• Or. He left behind a wealth of literature
masterpieces which can stand the test of time.
86. 贝多芬于1827年逝世，留下了
许多享誉世界的伟大作品。(pass
away, leave behind)
• Beethoven passed away in 1827
and left a wealth of
masterpieces behind, which are
well known to the whole world.
87. 连环漫画就是有许多令人发笑
插图的书。(a wealth of)
• A comic strip is a book with a
wealth of funny illustrations.
• A comic strip is a book which
has a wealth of funny
illustrations.
88. 正是他的直言不讳地反对过度
开采石油。(speak out against;
excessive exploitation)
• It was he who spoke out
against the excessive
exploitation of the oil.
89.随着2008年北京奥运会的到来，越
来越多的年轻人加入到各种志愿者活
动中来。(become involved in)
• With the coming of the Olympic
Games in 2008, more and more
young people become involved in
a great variety of ( many kinds
of) voluntary activities.
90. 最后，我终于鼓起勇气参加了
班长竞选。(screw up one’s courage)
• Finally, I screwed up my courage
to enter for an election for
monitor.
• *enter for 报名参加
Dictation:
When he was at school, Einstein showed
great interest in __1__ and did quite well
at it. He gained a teacher’s __2__ in
Switzerland and worked as a junior clerk in
an office. He spent a lot of time thinking
about physics. His __3__ led him to
success step by step. When he was 26, he
__4__his thoughts, which made him
become known in the physics field. In 1921,
when he was 42 years old, he was __5__
the Nobel Prize for Physics.
• Although he was one of the greatest
scientists who ever lived, Einstein
always took himself as__6__ man. He
liked to get together with children,
and found much __7__ in simple
pastimes.
• In 1955, when he was 76, he great
man died. He left behind a __8__ of
ideas that __9__ one of the greatest
__10__ of mankind.
•
•
•
•
•
1. mathematics
2. qualification
3. efforts
4. published
5. awarded
6.ordinary
7.pleasure
8.wealth
9. remains
10. treasures
Verbs
<1>
• 71. are being rebuilt
72. had taken
表示对过去情况的虚拟，从句用过去
完成时。“要是接受父亲的建议就
好了。”
•
•
•
•
73. to have been caused
Cause damage/ damaged be caused
74. being invited
75. goes
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
76. becoming
77.hadn’t seen
表示客观事实，insist引导的从句不用虚拟
E.g. She insisted that she hadn’t stolen the purse.
表示建议， insist引导的从句用虚拟
E.g. They insisted that the patient be sent to the
hospital at once.
78. to arrive
不定式的动词与被修饰的名次构成主谓关系。
E.g. He was the last person to leave the office.
79. to show
80. caught
E.g. get caught, get paid, get fined
• 81. made
• 82. is taught
• “就前原则”：as well as, along with, except,
together with, rather than 等
• “就近原则”： not only.. But also, neither… nor,
either… or等
• E.g. Either you or he is wrong.
• “There be –”句型的谓语动词与最靠近动词的名词
保持一致。
• E.g. There is a pen, 2 pencils and a ruler here.
• 83. is being discussed
• 84. be easily moulded做成模型
• 85. is returned
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
<2>
71. was being repaired
72. Seated
73. Not to frighten
74. covered
75. to have studied
76. has been sent
77. (to be) done
78. built
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
79. to be held
80. drying
81. to understand
82. going over
83. will have been explained
84. have just started
85. delivered
e.g. get my hair cut/ get the bicycle
repaired
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
71. left
<3>
since 引导的复合句中，主句可用完成时
e.g. It is/ has been a long time since he left.
72. didn’t quite catch
e.g. Sorry, I didn’t realize you were sleeping.
73. had finished
74. had known
条件句的虚拟：如表示对过去情况的虚拟，
主句would+ v.
从句 用过去完成时
• 75. hadn’t tried
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
76. Finding
表示原因
77. wasting
There is no point doing sth.做……没指望
There is no need to do sth. 没必要做……
78. to have written
79. to go
80. printed
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
81. disappointing
82. Hearing
e.g. Hearing the news, he burst into tears.
e.g. Seeing his parents, the boy jumped up.
83. will have finished
84. had meant
85. Having run
该分词的动作先于谓语表示的动作。
<4>
• 71. Not listened
• Because he was not listened to, the teacher
became very angry.
• 72. sank
• 73. being
• 74. To be answered
• 75. having arrived
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
76. being held
77. won’t start
提问： 车发动了没有？
回答：还未。 （表示将来）
78. was staring
79. has been done
所有能做的事情已经被做了。
80. devoted
81. be put off
 Mary suggests that the discussion should
be put off and we are all for it.
82. are to blame
sb. be to blame for sth.＝ be responsible for
sth.
对某事负责
rather than 谓语动词“就前原则”
83. left ( If it is left in a war place, a snow ball
melts quickly)
84. being treated
85. raised
•
•
•
•
•
•
71. having
<5>
72. to be found
73. be left
74. not being
提问：参加了没有？
回答：没参加。（没参加，就不能用完成
时）
• 75. parked
• 76. catches
• 77. weighs
• 表示度量的动词，如measure, weigh不用于
被动语态。
• 78. being invited
• 79. would be
• 表示对现在情况的虚拟：主句would+ v.
• 80. had made
•
•
•
•
•
81. repeated
82. to lave
83. came
84. knowing
85. are being repaired
<6>
•
•
•
•
•
71. proved
72. are being spoken
73. understood
74. not having passed
75.living
•
•
•
•
•
76. had dreamed
77. satisfied
78. manufactured
79. has also undergone
80. worry
•
•
•
•
•
81. Not having found
82. started
83. caused
84. crying
85. leading
71. known
<7>
72. forgot
73. founded
74. would be
表示对现在情况的虚拟：主句would+ v. ; 从句
were+ n.
• 但本题的从句部分表示对过去情况的虚拟，因
而用了过去完成时
• 75. couldn’t have passed
• But for 要不是（虚拟）
•
•
•
•
•
• 76. weighed
• 77.weighed
• 表示度量的动词，如measure, weigh不用于
被动语态。
• 78. pretending… to understand
• to have understood when you haven’t.
• 79. paid
• 80. limited
• 有限的
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
81. to be held
82. needed
any time when it is needed
83. being operated
84. to be given
85. to get
what was the way to get enough money?