TUESDAY 1/13/2015
• 20 mins work on Final
Review
30 mins Power point
Review
*If you have any missing assignments you must
complete them by this Friday! Or it’s a zero!
Fall 2014 Semester
Exam Review
A scientist observes the cell below
and determines it is a prokaryote.
Which of the following supports this
hypothesis:
A. Presence of a cell
wall
B. Presence of a cell
membrane
C. Presence of a
flagellum
D. Absence of a nucleus
D
The molecule in the diagram plays
what role in the body?
A. Releasing energy
B. Forming part of the sugarphosphate backbone of DNA
C. Storing fat
D. Controlling blood glucose levels
A
Below is an investigation of cell
transport. The diagram on the left is
the initial water level. The diagram
on the right is the final water level.
What does the barrier represent?
A.
Cell
membrane
B. Cell wall
C. Nuclear
membrane
D. Cytoskeleton
A
What stage of mitosis is
represented in this illustration?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Telophase
Prophase
Anaphase
Metaphase
B
The diagram below represents the
cell cycle. What is one limitation of
this graphic model?
A.
Sequence of phases
is incorrect
B. Cannot predict
length of cell cycle
for specific organism
C. Does not indicate
where DNA is
synthesized
B
The biomolecule below is a:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Nucleic acid
Lipid
Protein
Carbohydrate
D
Lipid molecules are well suited to
form part of the cell membrane
because:
A.
B.
D
They contain both carbon & hydrogen
Most of the carbon atoms have double
bonds
C. They can store energy
D. One end is hydrophilic, the other
hydrophobic
Examine the DNA sequence
below. This diagram shows:
A.
A sequence of amino
acids
B. A phosphate-sugar
backbone with
nitrogenous base pairs
C. That the DNA has been
genetically modified
D. That the double-helix
structure turns in a left
handed spiral
B
Study the segment of DNA below.
What is the complementary strand
of DNA?
A.
B.
C.
D.
GCA CUG CUA
CGT GCA GAT
ATU UAT CTA
GCA CGT CTA
D
DNA molecule, which store the
genetic code, are found in:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Animals but not plants
Eukaryotes but not prokaryotes
Viruses but not bacteria
All living organisms
D
During protein synthesis, the
translation process:
A. Takes place in the nucleus
B. Does not always involve mRNA
C. Involves tRNA molecules that
each carry only one kind of
amino acid
D. Requires RNA polymerase
C
A geneticist wants to determine what
mutation in a DNA molecule changed
the structure of a specific protein.
What does the scientist need to know
before planning the investigation?
D
A. The total number of bases in the DNA
B. If the DNA was part of an operon
C. If the mutation was a substitution,
insertion or deletion
D. The normal sequence of bases that
code for that protein
Look at the diagram below. To
produce the mutant chromosome:
A.
B
Part of normal chromosome was
duplicated
B. Part of normal chromosome was inverted
C. Part of normal chromosome was deleted
D. Part of another chromosome was
attached to the normal chromosome
In peas, round (R) is dominant over
wrinkled (r). Yellow (Y) is dominant
over white (y). What is the missing
genotype?
A.
B.
C.
D.
RrYy
Rryy
rrYY
rryy
D
Gregor Mendel crossed truebreeding tall plants with truebreeding short plants. This cross (P)
and its results (F1) are below. What
percent of offspring will be short
when two F1 offspring are crossed?
A.
B.
C.
D.
0%
100%
25%
50%
C
During meiosis, genetic
recombination results because:
C
A. Gene mutations occur more
frequently than at other times
B. Chromosome mutations occur
more frequently than at other times
C. Chromosomes assort
independently and crossing over
occurs
D. Genetic drift occurs
A genetic counselor hypothesizes
that a certain individual has an
extra chromosome. What is the
best evidence she could use to
test her hypothesis?
A. A gel electrophoresis analysis
B. A family pedigree
C. A computer program that
sequences the bases in a DNA
molecule
D. A karyotype
D
What process does the following
equation describe?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Greenhouse gas emissions
Photosynthesis
Energy transfer in bacteria cells
Cellular respiration
B
Which structure is the cell diagram
below is found in animal cells but
not in plant cells?
A. Mitochondria
B. Centrioles
C. Endoplasmic D
reticulum
C
D. Ribosomes
B
A
B
The diagram below shows the
appearance of a red blood cell. What
can be concluded about the solution the
RBC on the right was placed in?
A. Solution is isotonic
B. Solution is hypotonic
C. Solution is hypertonic
C
Cells in the thyroid gland have
concentrations of iodine that are
much higher than concentrations
of iodine in the blood. By which
process does iodine from the blood
enter the thyroid cells?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport
Aquaporin channels
C
Plants and other producers form the base
of food webs. In these producers, the
reactions of photosynthesis occur in the
chloroplasts. The source of carbon in the
resulting molecules is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
Light-dependent reactions
The electron transport chain
Thylakoid membrane
A
The enzyme reverse transcriptase
synthesizes DNA from a RNA
template. During which of the
following events does reverse
transcriptase play a major role?
A.
C
The separation of chromosomes during
anaphase of the cell cycle
B. DNA synthesis during the S phase of the
cell cycle
C. The translation of DNA into proteins
D. An infection of human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the
retrovirus that causes AIDS
In domestic dogs, the diploid (2N)
number of chromosomes is 78. With
the aid of an electron microscope, a
scientist observes a canine cell with
78 single-stranded chromosomes in
the nucleus. What can be concluded
about the cell?
A.
B.
C
The cell is an egg or sperm
The cell has lost its ability to divide into
daughter cells
C. The cell is in the G1 phase of cell cycle
D. The cell is in the G2 phase of cell cycle
A student prepares a microscope
slide of cheek cells. She identifies
the cell shown below. The stage of
the cell cycle represented is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
C
Within a multicellular organism, the
appearance and functions of cells may
differ widely among different tissues
(muscles, skin, organs). What accounts
for the differences among cells?
A. Differences in cells’ genetic code
B. Differences in DNA structure
C. Differences in sections of DNA that
are replicated
D. Differences in genes that are
transcribed and translated
D
All forms of cancer are
characterized by:
A. An abnormal, unregulated
production of cells
B. The aggression of cells into a mass
called a tumor
C. The spreading of abnormal cells to
tissues across the body
D. The inhibition of DNA replication in
affected cells
A
Which of the following molecules
represents the subunit of a
polypeptide?
A
C
B
D
C
A biological supply company is
advertising the synthesis of a new
compound. Scientists note that when the
compound is added to a particular
chemical reaction, the reaction rate
increases dramatically. The compound is
likely a:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Carbohydrate
Protein
Nucleic acid
Lipid
B
A scientist isolates all the DNA from the
cells of a particular species. She breaks
down the DNA and determines the
percentage of each nucleotide. What
are the approximate percentages for
cytosine (C) and thymine (T)?
A.
B.
C.
D.
C = 32; T = 18
C = 18; T = 32
C = 18; T = 18
C = 32; T = 32
B
In the structure of DNA, hydrogen bonds
exist between:
A. The sugar of one
nucleotide and the
phosphate of the next
B. Deoxyribose and base
C. Phosphate group and
base
D. Bases along center
D
In the translation of mRNA to
proteins, the ratio of nucleotide
bases to amino acids is
approximately:
A.
B.
C.
D.
C
1 nucleotide base to 1 amino acid
1 nucleotide base to 3 amino acids
3 nucleotide bases to 1 amino acid
3 nucleotide bases to 2 amino acids
Following the start codon, the
gene for a certain protein begins
with the DNA sequence
ACGTTGGTAAT. How would the
protein most likely be altered if
cytosine was removed?
A.
C
Only the first amino acid would be
different
B. Only the first two amino acids would
be different
C. All amino acids would be different
Which change to a gene is likely to
have the least effect on the
protein it codes for?
A.
An insertion mutation near the
beginning of the gene
B. A substitution mutation to the first
nucleotide of a codon
C. A substitution mutation to the
second nucleotide of a codon
D. A substitution mutation to the third
nucleotide of a codon
D
A chicken that is homozygous for black
feathers (BB) is crossed with a chicken
that is homozygous for white feathers
(bb). If the alleles for black and white
feathers are co-dominant, what feather
colors will be observed in the offspring?
A.
B.
Gray feathers
Mixture of black and white on each
offspring
C. 50% black, 50% white offspring
D. 25% black, 25% white, 50% gray
offspring
B
What is the role of carbon dioxide
(CO2) in cellular respiration and
photosynthesis?
A. It is a reactant in both processes
B. It is a product of both processes
C. It is a reactant in cellular respiration
and a product of photosynthesis
D. It is a product of cellular respiration
and a reactant in photosynthesis
D
Which of the following best
explains the process of energy
conversion that takes place in the
mitochondria?
A.
C
Energy is required for CO2 to form sixcarbon sugar molecules
B. Water molecules and radiant energy are
necessary for anaerobic respiration
C. The energy in the bonds of glucose
molecules is transferred to the phosphate
bonds in ATP
Enzymes are proteins that help
increase the rate of chemical
reactions inside cells. Which of the
following suggests that the shape of
an enzyme determines the enzyme’s
function?
A.
B.
A
Enzymes are specific to a substrate
Enzymes can operate in a wide range of
conditions
C. Enzymes are activated by neighboring
molecules
D. Enzymes can be found in all life forms
What phase is occurring the cell
indicated by the arrow?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Interphase
C
Proteins and polysaccharides are
polymers. These polymers are formed by
dehydration synthesis. Which statement
correctly identifies a difference in the
structure of proteins and
polysaccharides?
A.
B
Only polysaccharides are comprised of
repeating units of C, A, G, T
B. Only proteins are formed from amino
acids joined by peptide bonds
C. Only polysaccharides can be folded and
twisted to very specific shapes
Crossing-over between nonsister
chromatids during meiosis is significant
in heredity. This process most likely
leads to an increase in which of the
following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The expression of dominant traits
Number of gametes
The occurrence of polyploidy
Genetic variation
D
Which cellular process takes place in
the ribosomes that are bound to the
endoplasmic reticulum?
A.
B.
The breakdown of waste material
The conversion of radiant energy to
glucose
C. The synthesis of new proteins
D. The replication of nucleic acids
C
Characteristics such as a widow’s
peak or attached earlobes are
determined by the genetic code.
Which components of DNA are
referred to as the genetic code?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Phosphate groups
Nitrogenous bases
Deoxyribose sugars
Hydrogen bonds
B
Which of these must occur during the
S phase of the cell cycle so that two
daughter cells can be produced
during M phase?
A
A. The DNA must be replicated
B. The chromosomes must be joined
C. The cytoplasm must be
separated
D. The cell membrane must be
expanded
Which of these best represents a fattyacid molecule?
A
C
B
D
A
How does DNA in cells determine an
organism’s complex traits?
A.
C
DNA separates into long single strands
that make up each part of an
organism
B. DNA produces the energy an organism
needs in order to grow
C. DNA contains codes for proteins, which
are necessary for the growth and
functioning of an organism
Cell differentiation is critical during
embryonic development. The process of
cell differentiation results in the
production of many types of cells,
including germ, somatic, and stem cells.
Cell differentiation is most directly
regulated by:
A.
B.
C.
D.
ATP
DNA
Lipids
Sugars
B
A mutation that occurs in the gametes of
an organism will most likely be transferred
to which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The siblings of the organism
The offspring of the organism
The other organisms living nearby
The mating partner of the organism
B
Which statement best describes the
relationship that exists among proteins,
DNA, and cells?
D
A. Proteins combine to produce cells,
which produce DNA
B. Proteins are made up of DNA, which
determines the cells that are
produced
C. DNA is made up of proteins, which
tell a cell how to function
D. Cells contain DNA, which controls
the production of proteins
Which process produces the most
variation within a species?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Mitosis
Cloning
B
Why is meiosis important for sexual
reproduction?
C
A. It allows the zygote formed from
fertilization to have triple the
chromosome number of the organism
B. It allows gametes to have twice the
original number of chromosomes of
the organism.
C. It allows gametes to have half the
original number of chromosomes of
the organism.
What are the subunits of DNA and
their function?
A
A. Nucleotides that store information
B. Monosaccharides that provide quick
energy for the cell
C. Lipids that store energy and provide
insulation
D. Proteins that provide the building
blocks for the structural components
of organisms
How does the amount of energy
resulting from fermentation compare
with that of aerobic respiration?
A. Aerobic respiration results in less
energy
B. Aerobic respiration results in more
energy
C. Each process results in equal
amounts of energy
D. Each process results in variable
amounts of energy
B
Which would most likely produce a
mutation that is passed on to
offspring?
B
A. Radiation changing the DNA
sequence in skin cells
B. A gamete with an extra chromosome
forming
C. Tobacco smoke altering the genes in
lung cells
D. Exposure to chemicals altering nerve
cell function
Which type of molecule do whales use
for energy storage and insulation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
DNA
Glucose
Fat
Starch
C
If energy is needed to move materials
into or out of a cell, what is most likely
occurring?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Active transport
Passive transport
Osmosis
Diffusion
A
How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells similar?
A. Both contain a nucleus
B. Both contain membrane-bound
organelles
C. Both contain cell walls
D.
Both contain ribosomes
D
What is the result when a single cell
reproduces by mitosis?
A.
A
Two cells with genetic material identical
to the parent cell
B. Two cells with half the genetic material
of the parent cell
C. Four cells with half the genetic material
of the parent cell
D. Four cells with genetic material identical
to the parent cell
Two people believe they are related.
Which would be the best technique to
determine if they are related?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Testing blood types
Comparing DNA
Examining karyotypes
Testing for genetic disorders
B
The diagram shows a setup for a plant
investigation. Which variable is most
likely being tested?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Hours of light exposure
Plant species
Soil volume
Soil pH
D
A student hypothesizes that green
algae will grow fastest when exposed
to blue light. To test this hypothesis, the
student should design an experiment
with which independent variable?
A.
B.
C.
D.
C
Color of algae
Rate of algae growth
Color of light that algae are exposed to
Amount of time per day that algae are
exposed to light
Which of these is required for aerobic
cellular respiration?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Carbon dioxide
Sunlight
Oxygen
Chlorophyll
C
Students in a biology class thought
that salt water would affect the
movements of planaria. They put 25
planaria in salt water and recorded
their observations. Which flaw was
present in the design of their
experiment?
A.
B.
C.
D.
There was no hypothesis
There was no control group
The sample was too big
The procedure was too complicated
B
The diagram shows a section of a cell
membrane that includes a channel
protein. The function of this protein is to:
A.
B.
C.
D.
A
Allow certain substances to enter or leave
the cell
Strengthen the outer boundary of the cell
Connect reproductive cells during
fertilization
Exchange organelles or chromosomes
between specialized cells
Which of these supports the cell theory
as it is stated today?
A
A. New cells are produced by division of
existing cells
B. All organisms are composed of more
than one cell
C. Cells must contain a nucleus
D. Not all cells are alive
A student observes that a type of
eubacteria contains chlorophyll.
Which of these does this type of
bacteria have in common with plants?
A.
B.
C.
D.
It contains vascular tissues
It contains mitochondria
It is photosynthetic
It is heterotrophic
C
In eukaryotic cells, the process
indicated by arrow A occurs in the:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Cell membrane
Nucleus
D
The diagram shows DNA fingerprints from
a daughter horse, the mother horse, and
four possible fathers. Which horse is most
likely the father?
A.
B.
C.
D.
1
2
3
4
C
Gametes must be haploid because:
A
A. Two gametes will unite during
fertilization to create a diploid cell
B. Gametes are small and can hold only
the haploid number of chromosomes
C. The gametes’ chromosomes will be
replicated prior to cell division
D. Fertilization results with a haploid
zygote
Overheating an enzyme results in the
enzyme’s loss of:
A. Net electrical charge
B. Ability to catalyze a reaction
C. Storage of a large amount of
chemical energy
D. Storage of inherited information
B