CHANGES IN
AMERICAN
SOCIETY
Guided Reading
Activity Answers
NATIVISM
 Nativism, in general, refers to a policy or belief that protects
or favors the interest of the native population of a country
over the interests of immigrants. In the United States,
greatest nativist sentiment coincided with the great waves of
19th-century European immigration on the East Coast and, to
a lesser extent, with the arrival of Chinese immigrants on the
West Coast.
#1
PROHIBITION – A TOTAL BAN ON
ALCOHOLIC DRINKS.
#2
WORLD WAR I AND PROHIBITION
“Wheatless” Monday was just one
way to save food for the soldiers
and refugees of Europe during the
war. Ending the brewing of beer
was another. During World War I,
Americans valued conservation of
resources and work ethic above all
else – giving up alcohol helped on
both counts.
#3
THE EIGHTEENTH AMENDMENT
The Eighteenth Amendment to the
Constitution prohibited the making,
selling, or transporting of alcohol and
began the specific time of federal
enforcement known as Prohibition.
The 18 th Amendment was reinforced by
the passage of the Volstead Act by
Congress – which laid down the law
and established punishments for
transgressions.
#4.1
BOOTLEGGERS
#4.2
SPEAKEASIES
#5
GANGSTERS AND SMUGGLERS
#6
THE 21 ST AMENDMENT ENDED PROHIBITION
THE REPEAL OF THE 18 TH AMENDMENT
#7
RESTRICTIONS ON WOMEN
College Admissions
Financial Independence
Women were not allowed to attend
many major colleges and universities
until the 1960s.
Banned from Jury Duty
Women were not allowed to serve on
juries in many states across the US –
they were considered to emotional and
too easily misled to serve in the
justice system.
Financial independence was even more
difficult for women. Not only were
women paid significantly less to do
jobs than men were (this is still true
today), but also, married women were
required to hand over their wages to
their husbands!
#8
FLAPPERS
Flappers rebelled against the traditions
of an older generation of women – and
the seriousness with which they sought
equal rights. Flappers wore make-up,
mini-skirts, and trendy new fashions.
They went in public unaccompanied by
men, smoked, drank in speakeasies,
and generally defied all convention!
#9
HENRY FORD’S ASSEMBLY LINE
THE
AUTOMOBILE
CHANGED
AMERICA
DRAMATICALLY
As a result of
automobile
production,
Americans became
more independent.
New businesses like
gas stations, service
stations, road
construction,
tourism, and parts
stores sprang up.
More importantly,
suburbs evolved –
you no longer had to
live in the same place
that you worked!
#11
KDKA –
PITTSBURGH, PA
– THE FIRST
RADIO STATION
The first radio
broadcast –
capitalizing on the
invention of
Guglielmo Marconi,
took place in 1920,
when KDKA provided
the results of the
1920 Presidential
Election to an eager
audience. Soon, they
found that baseball,
bands, comics,
singers, and even
soap opera style
serials were better
sellers of commercial
spots!
#12
HOLLYWOOD
#13
“THE JAZZ SINGER” STARRING AL JOLSON
“The Jazz Singer” was the first film to
ever combine motion pictures with
sound. Previously, a pianist would
play music to go along with the
action of the film, and words were
scripted into the film – if they were
necessary at all. Charlie Chaplin
movies, for example, were often
mimed out. In “The Jazz Singer” part
of Jolson’s role casts his character in
“blackface” – an old and racist form
of entertainment in which white acts
painted their faces and mocked black
performers.
#12
CHARLIE CHAPLIN
#12
THE WALT DISNEY CORPORATION
#13
JOHN SCOPES: TEACHER OF EVOLUTION,
CRIMINAL IN THE STATE OF TENNESSEE
#13
THE SCOPES MONKEY TRIAL OF 1925
Clarence Darrow, Counsel for the
Defense of John Scopes
William Jennings Bryan, Prosecutor
for State of Tennessee
#13
BRYAN WON HIS CASE, BUT DID NOT WIN IN THE
EYES OF MOST AMERICANS.
Thou Shalt Not Think!
Anti-Evolution Leagues
#13
OTHERS FELT THAT SCIENTIFIC THEORY WOULD CAUSE
AMERICANS TO ABANDON GOD AND CHRISTIAN BELIEF .
When the trial came to an end, many Americans
felt that Darrow had embarrassed William
Jennings Bryan in the witness stand by asking him
if he believed the stories of the Old Testament.
Where had Cain found a wife? Did Jonah really
survive in the belly of a great fish? Was the sun
stopped in the sky by Joshua? What would have
happened, according to the rules of physics, had
this truly happened? Bryan answered that faith
and the will of God made all things possible, but
Darrow remained unconvinced – agnostic that he
was. Many rural communities continued to forbid
the teaching of Darwin’s theory of evolution –
although it is still the premise of most biology and
natural science courses.
MRS. CATHY O’MALLEY: TEACHER OF EVOLUTION IN
VIRGINIA BEACH
THE GREAT MIGRATION
#14
THE GREAT MIGRATION
14. FILL IN THE BLANK. The 1920s saw
large numbers of African Americans move
north in what was called the Great Migration.
Leaving the South, they headed for cities such
as Chicago, Detroit, and New York. They
crowded into the few neighborhoods that
allowed black residents. (p. 744)
#15
THE UNIA: UNIVERSAL NEGRO
IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION
#15
MARCUS GARVEY AND THE UNIVERSAL NEGRO
IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION
The goals of the UNIA were largely to
promote black pride and black unity –
both socially and economically.
Garvey believed that blacks should
stopped thinking of themselves a
minority group inside of the United
States, and instead view themselves as
part of the worldwide majority of
“colored people.” Garvey even started
a “Back to Africa” Movement during
the 1920s. He was a Jamaican by
birth, and when his political agitation
began to stir up discontent among
blacks in major cities – especially New
York City – he was deported. He died
in Jamaica.
#16
The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan on parade in Washington,
D.C., in 1926. Membership peaked at close to four million.
THE KU
KLUX KLAN
The Knights of the
Ku Klux Klan had
over 4 million
members in the
1920s, and spread
from the South to
the West and
Midwest. Anti Semitic, nativist,
and racist behavior
was common with
the group – and
they were
responsible for
countless assaults,
threats, and the
lynching of
innocents victims.
To the left, the
Klan marches in
Washington, D.C.
in 1926.