Cellular Respiration How our body makes ATP, ENERGY!! Engage ATP Gun Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP) Adenosine Ribose Sugar 3 Phosphates March 10, 2016 March 10, 2016 Explore: Cellular Respiration Simulation To review the "big picture" of metabolism, aiding students in understanding the relationship among glycolysis, the Kreb's cycle, and the ETC. See the diagram for the simulation layout. March 10, 2016 Explore: Muscle Fatigue You will be using a procedure to experience and explore lactic acid buildup in muscles. March 10, 2016 Explain: Where do our cells get energy? 6-C sugars are the MAJOR source of energy for cell What type of macromolecule are 6-C sugars? Carbohydrates Cells break down glucose a 6-C sugar to make ATP “energy” March 10, 2016 Overall Chemical Process C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + usable energy (ATP) March 10, 2016 Cellular Respiration (3-stages) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Glucose Glycolysis Krebs cycle Fermentation (without oxygen) March 10, 2016 Electron transport Alcohol or lactic acid March 10, 2016 Flowchart Section 9-2 Cellular Respiration Glucose (C6H1206) + Oxygen (02) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) + ATP March 10, 2016 Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Glycolysis: Step 1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Section 9-1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Section 9-1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain Where Cytoplasm NO O2 required Energy Yield net gain of 2 ATP at the expense of 2 ATP 6-C glucose TWO 3-C pyruvates Free e- and H+ combine with organic ion carriers called NAD+ NADH + H+ (nicotinamide dinucleotide) March 10, 2016 Summary In Glucose (6-C) 2 ATP March 10, 2016 Out 2 pyruvate; 2(3-C) 2NADH a net of 2 ATP Questions Where does glycolysis take place? Glycolysis energy yield? Breaks glucose into TWO ________. March 10, 2016 March 10, 2016 The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion Breakdown of Pyruvic Acid Where mitochondria Pyruvate (3-C) Acetic acid (2-C) 3rd C forms CO2 Acetic acid combines with Coenzyme A to form ACETYL-CoA March 10, 2016 Summary In Pyruvate NAD CoA March 10, 2016 Out CO2 (as waste) NADH Acetyl-CoA What is releasing Energy with O2? Aerobic respiration Where In mitochondria March 10, 2016 Second Step: Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) Where Mitochondrial matrix Energy Yield 2 ATP and more eAcetyl-CoA (2-C) combines with 4-C to form 6-C CITRIC ACID Citric Acid (6-C) changed to 5-C then to a 4-C Gives off a CO2 molecule NAD+ and FAD pick up the released eFAD becomes FADH2 NAD+ becomes NADH + H+ Cycle ALWAYS reforming a 4-C molecule March 10, 2016 Krebs Cycle March 10, 2016 The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion ETC Where inner membrane of mitochondria Energy Yield Total of 32 ATP O2 combines with TWO H+ to form H 2O Exhale - CO2, H2O comes from cellular respiration March 10, 2016 Electron Transport Chain Section 9-2 Electron Transport Hydrogen Ion Movement Channel Mitochondrion Intermembrane Space ATP synthase Inner Membrane Matrix ATP Production Summary Mitochondrion Electrons carried in NADH Pyruvic acid Glucose Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 Electron Transport Chain Mitochondrion Cytoplasm Total ENERGY Yield Glycolysis 2 ATP Krebs Cycle 2 ATP ETC 32 ATP Total 36 ATP March 10, 2016 Elaboration Respiration Lab Three experiments that review and further explain the process of cellular respiration March 10, 2016 What happens if NO O2? Cellular respiration process STOPS March 10, 2016 Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Anaerobic DOES NOT require oxygen Simple fast produces smaller amounts of energy (ATP) March 10, 2016 Aerobic requires oxygen Yields large amounts of energy What is this energy molecule? ATP, ATP, ATP March 10, 2016 Releasing Energy w/out Oxygen Anaerobic Respiration NO Additional ATP is Formed NO O2 leads to Fermentation Two Types Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation March 10, 2016 Lactic Acid Fermentation bacteria, plants and most animals After glycolysis 2 pyruvic acid changed to lactic acid Sometimes happens in your muscles, cramps-----Exercise March 10, 2016 March 10, 2016 Alcoholic Fermentation Bacteria and fungi (yeast) Ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide are the end products Process used to form beer, wine, and other alcoholic beverages Also used to raise dough, bread March 10, 2016 March 10, 2016 Cellular Respiration Review Three Main Stages Glycolysis (2 ATP) Kreb’s Cycle (2 ATP) Electron Transport Chain (32 ATP) March 10, 2016 Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Glycolysis: Step 1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Section 9-1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Section 9-1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain The Krebs Cycle: Step 2 Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion Electron Transport Chain: Step 3 Section 9-2 Electron Transport Hydrogen Ion Movement Channel Mitochondrion Intermembrane Space ATP synthase Inner Membrane Matrix ATP Production Evaluation Cellular Respiration Concept Map March 10, 2016